-ik
Abenaki
Suffix
-ik
- A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.
Usage notes
- Often used to form the plurals of words (especially nouns denoting people who have particular occupations or activities) which end in the consonant d or t (which causes the d or t to mutate into j: nodabônkad, "baker" → nodabônkajik, "bakers"); only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters (nodkwaag, notkwahag, "pilot" → nodkwaagik, notkwahagik, "pilots").
- See the usage notes at -ak.
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-ikko.
Suffix
-ik (genitive -iku, partitive -ikut)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | -ik | -ikud |
accusative | -iku | -ikud |
genitive | -iku | -ikute |
partitive | -ikut | -ikuid |
illative | -ikusse | -ikutesse -ikuisse |
inessive | -ikus | -ikutes -ikuis |
elative | -ikust | -ikutest -ikuist |
allative | -ikule | -ikutele -ikuile |
adessive | -ikul | -ikutel -ikuil |
ablative | -ikult | -ikutelt -ikuilt |
translative | -ikuks | -ikuteks -ikuiks |
terminative | -ikuni | -ikuteni |
essive | -ikuna | -ikutena |
abessive | -ikuta | -ikuteta |
comitative | -ikuga | -ikutega |
Derived terms
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ik]
Etymology 1
Adjective suffix.
Suffix
-ik
- (adjective suffix) Specifies which one of a specific set of things/persons. Used with adjectives. See usage notes below.
Usage notes
- (adjective suffix) The -ik creates a determining adjective from a comparative adjective so it will answer the question melyik? (“which?”). In a few cases it takes not a comparative but a basic adjective, which already incorporates the idea of comparison (e.g. más (“different”)). It is very often used with a definite article (a/az; "the").
Etymology 2
Possessive suffix.
Suffix
-ik
Usage notes
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -ik is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -aik is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant
- -eik is added to some front vowel words ending in a consonant
- -jaik is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
- -jeik is added to some front vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
Etymology 3
Personal suffix.
Suffix
-ik
- (personal suffix) The ending of a large group of passive/reflexive verbs in third-person singular present tense (indefinite conjugation). This is also the lemma form of these verbs.
- Sokat utazik. - He travels a lot.
- (personal suffix) Used to form the third-person plural present tense of verbs (definite conjugation).
- néz (“to look”) → Nézik a tévét. - They are watching the television.
Usage notes
The above two senses are usually not difficult to distinguish if one knows whether the verb's dictionary form ends in -ik. If it does, it is usually not a transitive verb (since most -ik verbs have a passive or reflexive meaning) so it will be probably an (indefinite) singular. On the other hand, if the verb's dictionary form has no -ik ending, the only option is the (definite) plural. Eszik (’to eat’) is one of the few -ik verbs that are transitive. In such a case, one needs to rely on the definiteness of the object. For more details, see its Usage notes.
Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
-ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
-ik verbs | -ik | |||
mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek |
- (personal suffix, definite conjugation) See harmonic variants in the table below.
Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -om | -em | -öm |
te | 2nd person singular | -od | -ed | -öd |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | -ja | -i | |
mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -itek | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -ják | -ik | |
én | 1st person singular subject with 2nd person object |
-lak | -lek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -alak | -elek |
Derived terms
See also
- Category:Hungarian verbs ending in -ik
- Category:Hungarian noun forms
- Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English -iġ.
References
- “-i, (suf.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 20 June 2018.
- “-i(e, (suf.2)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 20 June 2018.
Etymology 2
From Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Doublet of -y.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iːk/, /ik/
Derived terms
Descendants
- English: -ic
References
- “-ī̆k (suf.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-11-2.
Polish
Alternative forms
- -yk
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.
Suffix
-ik m
- Forms diminutive nouns.
Declension
(personal nouns)
(other nouns)
Derived terms
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.
Suffix
-ik (Cyrillic spelling -ик)
- Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer, place, object, tool or a feature.
Veps
Etymology
Presumably related to Finnish -ko.
Particle
-ik
- Interrogative particle. It is attached to the finite verb in yes-no questions, which is then placed first in the sentence.