燕

See also: 鷰
燕 U+71D5, 燕
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71D5
← 燔
[U+71D4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 燖 →
[U+71D6]

Translingual

Han character

燕 (radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿中心火 (TLPF), four-corner 44331, composition ⿳廿⿴北口灬)

References
  • KangXi: page 683, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19429
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1095, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2239, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+71D5

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 燕

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (燕) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
燕 *qeːn, *qeːns
驠 *qeːn, *qeːns
嬿 *qeːnʔ, *qeːns
鷰 *qeːns
醼 *qeːns
讌 *qeːns
嚥 *qeːns
酀 *qeːns

Pictogram (象形) – a swallow.

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • in3 - vernacular;
  • iang3 (Shantou)/iêng3 (Chaozhou) - literary.
Rime
Character 燕
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 烏前切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔen/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔen/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔɛn/
Li
Rong		 /ʔen/
Wang
Li		 /ien/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yān
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 燕
Reading # 1/2
No. 14440
Phonetic
component		 燕
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 煙
Old
Chinese		 /*qeːn/

Proper noun

燕

  1. (historical) Yan, an ancient march, duchy, and kingdom of northeastern China during the Zhou dynasty
  2. (historical) Ji, its capital; Yanjing; other later cities in the same area, including Beijing
  3. (historical) the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms
  4. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 燕

Pronunciation 2
Note:
  • ìⁿ - vernacular;
  • iàn - literary.
Rime
Character 燕
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 於甸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔenH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔenH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔɛnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔɛnH/
Li
Rong		 /ʔenH/
Wang
Li		 /ienH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔienH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 燕
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔenH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔˁe[n]-s/
English swallow (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 燕
Reading # 2/2
No. 14443
Phonetic
component		 燕
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 宴
Old
Chinese		 /*qeːns/

Definitions

燕

  1. swallow (family Hirundinidae)

Compounds
Derived terms from 燕

Japanese

Kanji
燕

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. swallow

Readings
  • Go-on: えん (en)
  • Kan-on: えん (en)
  • Kun: つばめ (tsubame, 燕)

Pronunciation 1
Kanji in this term
燕
つばくらめ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) つばく​らめ [tsùbákúꜜràmè] (Nakadaka – [3])
  • (Tokyo) つばくら​め [tsùbákúráꜜmè] (Nakadaka – [4])
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝba̠kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠me̞]

Noun

燕 (hiragana つばくらめ, rōmaji tsubakurame)

  1. a swallow (bird)
    • c. 890: Taketori Monogatari (page 11)
      「[...] 石上の中納言には、燕（つばくらめ）の持たる子安のかい、ひとつ取りて賜へ」
    • 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 7, page 29:
      是我邦所謂豆波久良米也

Pronunciation 2
Kanji in this term
燕
つばめ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Wikispecies

Noun

燕 (hiragana つばめ, katakana ツバメ, rōmaji tsubame)

  1. a barn swallow
Derived terms

Proper noun

燕 (hiragana つばめ, rōmaji Tsubame)

  1. a place name, such as that of Tsubame City in Niigata Prefecture

References

Korean

Hanja

燕 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

燕 (yến, én)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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