Regional Municipality of Peel

• Nando Iannicca, Regional Chair
• Nancy Polsinelli, Interim Chief Administrative Officer
• Janice Sheehy, Commissioner of Human Services
• Kathryn Lockyer, Acting Commissioner of Corporate Services
• Janette Smith, Commissioner of Public Works
• Sean Baird, Commissioner of Digital and Information Services
• Cathy Granger, Acting Commissioner of Health Services
• Steven VanOfwegen, Commissioner of Finance and Chief Financial Officer
• Andrew Farr, Acting Commissioner of Public Works

[8]

• In 2005, Peel Region approved without tender a $557 million waste management contract commitment lasting 20 years that can potentially allow it to dump garbage in Ontario landfill sites if Michigan bans Canadian trash.[9]
• In 2004, Peel Region began a more than $600 million waterworks expansion by conducting invited public tenders, one of Canada's largest in water and wastewater infrastructure.[10]

Seats on Peel Regional council are not assigned to member municipalities according to population or tax contributions, and this has produced considerable controversy within the region.[11]

Mississauga currently comprises about 62 per cent of the region's population and says it contributes 66 per cent of the taxes, but had been assigned 10 of the 21 council seats (or 48 per cent) distributed among the municipalities, with Brampton receiving six and Caledon five. In June 2005, the provincial government passed legislation[12] that will revise the composition of the council. Beginning in the 2006 municipal elections, one additional seat will be assigned to Brampton and two additional seats will be assigned to Mississauga, giving Mississauga 12 of the 24 seats assigned to municipalities.[13] These numbers do not include the regional chair, who is appointed by council members.

These changes are the result of a provincially appointed impartial arbitrator who noted:[14]

Regional councilors, whether or not they also wear an area (local) hat, represent all taxpayers in that region...no one area municipality has a majority of regional councillors. This is also why Mississauga's claim for two more regional representatives was seen as vexing - Mississauga would then have a majority at the regional level. Mississauga magnified the control issue by complaining of a historic underrepresentation given that a majority of taxpayers in Peel reside and have resided within Mississauga .. [I] recommend a continuation of a structure that denies any one area municipality a majority at the region.

— George W. Adams

Mississauga council, led by former mayor Hazel McCallion, has argued that Peel Region is an unnecessary layer of government which costs Mississauga residents millions of dollars a year to support services in Brampton and Caledon. Mississauga council unanimously passed a motion asking the Province of Ontario to separate Mississauga from Peel Region and become a single-tier municipality, arguing, among other things, the need to keep property tax dollars within the city of Mississauga for the good of the future of the City.[15]

Opponents of Mississauga's position, including former Brampton mayor Susan Fennell, have argued that from the 1970s through the 1990s, Mississauga was the chief beneficiary of Peel's infrastructure construction projects — funded by taxpayers in all three municipalities — and it is now Brampton's turn to benefit, as it is growing faster than Mississauga, which is mostly built-out.[16][17] As well, they have argued that common infrastructure, such as waste and water services, would be more efficiently managed at a regional level.

The region's climate are influenced by various air masses and weather systems from other locations, proximity to Lake Ontario, topography and elevation (e.g. Niagara Escarpment, and Oak Ridges Moraine), and urban and rural land uses.[18]^:36 The air masses and weather systems are the major factors in influencing the climate of the region.[18]^:36 Being located in Southern Ontario, it is located between the Arctic, subtropics, and the Atlantic Ocean; consequentially, it is impacted by air masses from different origins.[18]^:37 In general, the air masses that affect the region are continental polar, continental arctic, maritime polar, and occasionally continental tropical air masses in summer.[18]^:37 During winter, cold and dry air masses predominate (continental arctic and maritime polar) although warmer, moister air masses may move north during this time, leading to milder temperatures and potential for heavy snowfall/freezing rain/rainfall.[18]^:38 The most severe snow and freezing rain events occur when warmer, moister air masses move northward to the region and meet colder air.[18]^:38 During winter, a common type of storm is known as the "Alberta Clipper" which affects the region in which moist Pacific air moves east of the Rocky Mountains to the region, bringing snow that is often followed by the influx of cold continental air afterwards (leads to colder temperatures).[18]^:38 Spring and autumn are characterized by variable weather and rapid alternating air masses.[18]^:38 This leads to frequent cloudy conditions, rain, and occasional thunderstorms.[18]^:38 In summer, the air masses that influence the region are predominantly maritime polar air masses from the Pacific Ocean, and tropical air masses from the Gulf of Mexico, the latter being responsible for bringing heat waves, high humidity, and intense rainfall events.[18]^:38 Towards late summer and early autumn, tropical storms and remnants of hurricanes may bring strong winds and heavy rainfalls to the area.[18]^:38 During autumn, Arctic air masses become increasingly common, leading to colder conditions.[18]^:38

The Great Lakes (particularly Lake Ontario) moderate the cooler air masses during autumn and winter, causing the region to have milder conditions than similar areas away from the Lakes.[18]^:38 Because the Great Lakes are slower to warm than the land, they keep shoreline areas cooler in spring, leading to prolonged cool weather that persists well into April.[18]^:39 The prolonged cool conditions on the shoreline causes the leafing and blossoming of the plants to be delayed, which protects tender plants such as fruit trees from being damaged by late spring frosts.[18]^:39 Thus, plants from more warmer climates are able to survive on the shoreline due to this.[18]^:39 Occasionally, temperature inversions can occur, particularly in spring and early summer.[18]^:39 Temperature inversions occur when warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico moves pass the Great Lakes because while the top layers of the Lakes are warmed, the bottom layers remain cool, leading to moisture and airborne pollutants being trapped in the cool air below, humid days, and causing fog,haze, and smog in low laying industrial areas.[18]^:39 The Great Lakes also stabilize conditions in spring and summer (due to the relatively cooler lake surfaces), leading to lower spring and summer precipitation on their shorelines compared to inland areas.[18]^:38 In winter, Lake effect snowfall occurs.[18]^:38 In spring and summer, lake breezes can penetrate inland, creating narrow boundaries more inland causing cloudy conditions, severe thunderstorms, and convective rainfall events.[18]^:38 This is known as the "lake breeze front" or "lake breeze thunderstorms" phenomenon, in which intense, sharply defined squall lines develop quickly on summer afternoons amplified by localized wind patterns between the Great Lakes.[19] This is seen by the tendency for thunderstorms from the west to weaken/dissipate as they approach Toronto Pearson Airport, located in the southeastern part of the region.[18]^:38

Temperatures are higher in the southern parts of Peel compared to the northern parts of the region.[18]^:42 Annual temperatures are −3 °C (−5 °F) warmer in the south than in the northern parts of the region.[18]^:42 This is due to the lower elevations found in the southern parts of the region, the moderating effects of Lake Ontario, and more urbanization in the south (due to the urban heat island effect).[18]^:42 In colder months, areas closer to Lake Ontario are warmer while in summer, the same areas are colder owing to the moderating effect of the Lake.[18]^:42

Generally, the northwestern parts of Peel region are the wettest areas both seasonally and annually while southern parts are the driest.[18]^:55 Mean annual precipitation in the region ranges from 835 to 935 mm (32.9 to 36.8 in) in the northwest to 794 to 836 mm (31.3 to 32.9 in) in Mississauga in the south.[18]^:55 The north-south precipitation gradient is primiarly due to topographic and elevation differences, and some regional storm track differences.[18]^:55 The regional storm track differences include the influence of the Great Lakes on summertime convective precipitation, northernmost extent to where tropical air progresses in winter, and positions of frontal zones in spring and autumn).[18]^:55 These regional storm track differences are responsible for a slight rain shadow effect for most of Peel except for the northern parts which lie on the windward side and receive more precipitation from frontal systems moving from the west.[18]^:55 In all seasons, precipitation mostly comes from low pressure systems from the mid-Atlantic states and Gulf of Mexico.[18]^:55

• Peel Regional Police (PRP) provides police coverage for the majority of the region excluding Caledon as well as airport policing within Toronto Pearson International Airport (replaced the RCMP)
• Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) mainly provides policing on:
  • Provincial highways (400 series): QEW - Winston Churchill Boulevard to Etobicoke Creek; Highway 401 - from Ninth Line to Highway 427; Highway 403 - from Dundas Street to Highways 410/401; Highway 409 - from Toronto-Pearson International Airport to Highway 427; Highway 410 - from Highway 403 to Highway 10 transition; (Other King's Highways): Highway 9 - from Highway 10 to Albion Trail; Highway 10 - from Highway 410 transition to Highway 9.
  • Patrols privately operated Highway 407 ETR from Highway 403 to Regional Road 50
  • Fulfils a contract to police the town of Caledon.[25]

Education in the Region of Peel is primarily available from taxpayer-funded public schools (secular) and separate schools (Catholic) in both the English and French languages.

Schools in Peel are managed by four school boards: the Peel District School Board (English public), the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board (English separate), the Conseil scolaire Viamonde (French public), and the Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud (French separate).

Emergency medical services provided by Peel to the region's municipalities:

Peel Regional Paramedic Services

Formerly administered by the province, now in the hands of the region.

Long Term Care

Facilities are for seniors and others with long term health needs:

• The Davis Centre
• Malton Village
• Peel Manor
• Sheridan Villa
• Tall Pines

Social Housing

Peel is the largest landlord in the Region. Its non-profit housing company, Peel Living, is one of the largest in Canada.[26]

Public Works

Peel manages the regions public works needs including:

• garbage and recycling programs
• water works
• road maintenance for many major roads — non-provincial roads

TransHelp

The Region of Peel's unique transportation service for people with disabilities, Transhelp was formerly run for Miway and Brampton Transit but is now operated solely by the Region. Convention transit is still operated by the aforementioned transit systems.

Major indoor shopping centres located in Peel Region include:

• Bramalea City Centre (Brampton)
• Shoppers World Brampton (Brampton)
• Square One Shopping Centre (Mississauga)
• Erin Mills Town Centre (Mississauga)
• Dixie Outlet Mall (Mississauga)

Major outdoor centres located in Peel Region include:

• Heartland Town Centre (Mississauga)
• Trinity Common (Brampton)

• Highway 401
• Highway 403
• Highway 407 (ETR)
• Highway 410
• Highway 427
• Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW)

• Highway 9, which forms the northern boundary of the region
• Highway 10
• Highway 50 which forms the Eastern boundary of the region (Vaughan)