List of state leaders in 1991

African diaspora

Asia

Europe

North America

Oceania

South America

Notes
  1. Assumed office in 1979, would remain until 1992.
  2. Assumed office in 1980, would remain until 1998.
  3. Assumed office in 1987, would remain until 2014.
  4. Assumed office in 1987, would remain until 1993.
  5. Assumed office in 1988, would remain until 2014.
  6. Assumed office in 1970, would remain until 1994.
  7. Assumed office in 1981, would remain until 2001.
  8. Assumed office in 1984, would remain until 2008.
  9. Assumed the throne in 1990, would remain until 1995.
  10. Assumed office in 1990, would remain until 2005.
  11. Assumed office in 1990, would remain until 2002.
  12. Bophuthatswana was only declared to be independent in 1977.
  13. Assumed office in 1986.
  14. Assumed office in 1965, would remain until 1997.
  15. Assumed office in 1987, would remain until 2017.
  16. Assumed office in 1987, would remain until 1992.
  17. Assumed office in 1990, would remain until 1992.
  18. Assumed the throne in 1946, would reign until 2016.
  19. Assumed the throne in 1981, would reign until 1995.
  20. Assumed office in 1986, would serve in 1992.
  21. Assumed office in 1990, would remain until 1999.
  22. Assumed office in 1988, would remain until 1993.
  23. Assumed office in 1982, would remain until 1994.
  24. Assumed office in 1984 as the president of West Germany, became president of Germany in 1990 and would remain in that position until 1994.
  25. Assumed office in 1982 as the chancellor of West Germany, became chancellor of Germany in 1990 and would remain in that position until 1998.
  26. Assumed the throne in 1952.
  27. Assumed office in 1989, would remain until 1992.
  28. Assumed the throne in 1973.
  29. Assumed the throne in 1966.
  30. Assumed office in 1952.
  31. Assumed office in 1990, would remain until 1994.
  32. Assumed the throne in 1974.
  33. Assumed office in 1988, would remain until 1994.
  34. Assumed office in 1989, would remain until 1993.
  35. Assumed office in 1989, would remain until 1993.
  36. Assumed the throne in 1952.
  37. Assumed office in 1989, would remain until 1996.
  38. Assumed office in 1987, would remain until 1993.
  39. Assumed the throne in 1975.
  40. Assumed the throne in 1978.
  41. Assumed office in 1962, would remain until 2007.
  42. Assumed office in 1988, would remain until 1998.
  43. Assumed office in 1989, would remain until 1999.
  44. Assumed office in 1989, would remain until 1993.
  45. Assumed office in 1990, would remain until 1992.
  46. Assumed office in 1990, would remain until 1994.
  47. Assumed office in 1990, would remain until 1994.
  48. Assumed office in 1988, would remain until 1992.
  49. Assumed office in 1988, would remain until 1992.
  50. Assumed office in 1989, would remain until 1994.
  51. Assumed office in 1985, would remain until 1992.
  52. Assumed office in 1985, would remain until 1992.
  53. Assumed office in 1989, would remain until 1993.
  54. Assumed office in 1990, would remain until 2000.
  55. Assumed office in 1990, would remain until 1991.
  56. Assumed office in 1991, would remain until 1992.
  57. Assumed office in 1990, would remain until 1991.
  58. Assumed office in 1991, would remain until 1996.
  59. Assumed office in 1990, would remain until 1995.
  60. Assumed office in 1989, would remain until 1993.

References
  1. Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
  2. Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
  3. Brunei only became independent in 1984.
  4. Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister between 1993 and 1998.
  5. In exile between 1990 and 1991.
  6. Qatar only became independent in 1971.
  7. Ali Abdullah Saleh was President of North Yemen until 1990.
  8. Titled changed from Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly to President on 30 April 1991.
  9. Titled Chairman of the Supreme Council until 11 November 1991.
  10. Title changed from Chairman of the Supreme Council of Georgia to President of Georgia on 14 April 1991.
  11. The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
  12. Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981, until then Sir Wilfred Jacobs was titled Governor of Antigua and Barbuda.
  13. Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981.
  14. The Bahamas only became independent on 1973.
  15. Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983, until then Sir Clement Arrindell was titled Governor of Saint Christopher and Nevis.
  16. Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983.
  17. The Marshall Islands only became independent in 1986.
  18. Tonga only became independent in 1970.
  19. Vanuatu only became independent in 1980.
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