House of Bourbon-Parma

The Habsburgs only ruled until the conclusion of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, when it was ceded back to the Bourbons in the person of Philip of Spain, Charles's younger brother. As duke Philip, he became the founder of the House of Bourbon-Parma.

In 1796, the duchy was occupied by French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte. In the Treaty of Aranjuez of 1801, duke Ferdinand formally agreed to cede the duchy to Napoleon. The territories were integrated into the Cisalpine Republic until 1802, the Italian Republic, from 1802 until 1805, and the Kingdom of Italy, from 1805 until 1808, until in 1808 the French Empire annexed them and formed out of them the Département of Taro.

In 1814, the duchies were restored under Napoleon's Habsburg wife, Marie Louise, who was to rule them for her lifetime. The duchy was renamed the duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla.

After Marie Louise's death in 1847, the duchy was restored to the Bourbon-Parma line, which had been ruling the tiny duchy of Lucca. As part of the return the Duchy of Guastalla was transferred to the Duchy of Modena. The Bourbons ruled until 1859, when they were driven out by a revolution following the Sardinian victory in their war against Austria.

The duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla and the duchy of Lucca joined with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the duchy of Modena to form the United Provinces of Central Italy in December 1859, and were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in March 1860. The House of Bourbon continues to claim the title of duke of Parma to this day. Carlos-Hugo (Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne in the 1970s) held the title from 1977 to his death. His son now claims the title.

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Philip, Duke of Parma 1748–1765		15 March 1720 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma	Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon 25 October 1739 3 children	18 July 1765 Alessandria aged 45
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma 1765–1802 nominal since 1796		20 January 1751 Parma son of Philip, Duke of Parma and Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon	Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria 19 July 1769 7 children	9 October 1802 Fontevivo aged 51

During the French ownership of the Duchy of Parma, the title of Duke of Parma was used as an honorary form and style. From 1808, the title was used by Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès. He kept the style of Duc de Parme until 1814. Only in 1847 was the actual title restored to the Bourbons, after a period of being held by Marie Louise of Austria, who was a Habsburg and the second wife of Napoleon I.

• • Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma, born on (1970-01-27) 27 January 1970
    Princess Annemarie of Bourbon-Parma, Duchess of Parma, born on (1977-12-18) 18 December 1977
    • Mr. Carlos Hugo Klynstra (illegitimate), born on (1997-01-20) 20 January 1997
    • Princess Luisa of Bourbon-Parma, Marchioness of Castell'Arquato, born on (2012-05-09) 9 May 2012
    • Princess Cecilia of Bourbon-Parma, Countess of Barceto, born on (2013-10-17) 17 October 2013
    • Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Parma, Prince of Piacenza, born on (2016-04-24) 24 April 2016
  • Princess Margarita of Bourbon-Parma, Countess of Colorno, born on (1972-10-13) 13 October 1972
    Mr. Tjalling ten Cate, born on (1975-12-23) 23 December 1975
    • Miss Julia ten Cate, born on (2008-09-03) 3 September 2008
    • Miss Paola ten Cate, born on (2011-02-25) 25 February 2011
  • Prince Jaime of Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi, born on (1972-10-13) 13 October 1972
    Princess Viktória of Bourbon-Parma, Countess of Bardi, born on (1982-05-25) 25 May 1982
    • Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2014-02-21) 21 February 2014
    • Princess Gloria of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2016-05-09) 9 May 2016
  • Princess Carolina of Bourbon-Parma, Marchioness of Sala, born on (1974-06-23) 23 June 1974
    Mr. Albert Brenninkmeijer, born on (1974-05-16) 16 May 1974
    • Miss Alaïa Maria Brenninkmeijer, born on (2014-05-20) 20 May 2014
    • Mr. Xavier Brenninkmeijer, born on (2015-12-16) 16 December 2015
• Princess Marie Françoise of Bourbon-Parma, Dowager Princess of Lobkowicz, born on (1928-08-19) 19 August 1928
  • Prince Charles-Henri de Lobkowicz, born on (1964-05-17) 17 May 1964
  • Princess Marie Gabrielle de Lobkowicz, born on (1967-06-11) 11 June 1967
• Princess Cecilia Maria of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1935-04-12) 12 April 1935
• Princess Marie des Neiges of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1937-04-29) 29 April 1937
• Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1940-07-22) 22 July 1940
• Princess Tania de Bourbon-Parma, born on (1961-11-13) 13 November 1961