Karađorđević dynasty

The Karađorđević (Serbian Cyrillic: Карађорђевић, pl. Karađorđevići / Карађорђевићи, pronounced [karad͡ʑǒːrd͡ʑeʋit͡ɕ]) is a Serb dynasty, founded by Karađorđe Petrović, the veliki vožd ("grand leader") of Serbia in the early 1800s during the First Serbian Uprising. The relatively short-lived dynasty was supported by the Russian Empire and was opposed to the Austria-Hungary-supported Obrenović dynasty. After Karađorđe's assassination in 1817, Miloš Obrenović founded the House of Obrenović. The two houses subsequently vied for the throne for several generations. Following the assassination of Alexander in 1903, the Serbian Parliament chose Karađorđe's grandson, Peter I Karađorđević, then living in exile, for the throne of the Kingdom of Serbia. He was duly crowned as King Peter I, and shortly before the end of World War I, representatives of the three peoples proclaimed a Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes with Peter I as sovereign. In 1929, the kingdom was renamed Yugoslavia, under Alexander I, the son of Peter I. In November 1945, the throne was lost when the League of Communists of Yugoslavia seized power, during the reign of Peter II.

Karađorđević
Карађорђевић
Country Serbia
Yugoslavia
Founded14 February 1804
FounderKarađorđe Petrović
Current headAlexander II Karađorđević
Final rulerPeter II
Titles
  • Grand Vožd of Serbia (1804-1813)
  • Prince of Serbia (1842-1858)
  • King of Serbia (1903-1918)
  • King of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918-1929)
  • King of Yugoslavia (1929-1945)
Deposition29 November 1945

Name

In English, it is typically spelled Karadjordjevic while pronunciation is roughly anglicized as Karageorgevitch, and was in previous times rendered also as Kara-Georgevitch.

Ancestry

According to some researchers, Karađorđe's paternal ancestors most likely migrated from the Highlands (in what is today Montenegro) to Šumadija during the Second Great Serb Migration in 1737–39 under the leadership of Patriarch Šakabenta, as a result of the Austro-Turkish War (in which Serbs took part).[1] Serbian historiography accepted the theory that Karađorđe's ancestors came from Vasojevići.[2]

Some conjecture has arisen about where the family ended up after arriving in Šumadija. According to Radoš Ljušić, Karađorđe's ancestors most likely hailed from Vasojevići, but he has said there is no certain historical information on Karađorđe's ancestors or where they came from, folklore being the only real source. Most likely, Karađorđe's ancestors hailed from Vasojevići.[3][4][5] Grigorije Božović (1880–1945) claimed that the family were Srbljaci (natives) in Vasojevići territory.[6] Contributing to Srbljak theory is the fact that the family celebrated St Clement as their Slava until 1890, while the patron saint of Vasojevići, i.e. Vaso's descendants is Archangel Michael. King Peter I was allowed to change his Slava to St Andrew the First-called by Belgrade Metropolitan Mihailo in 1890, following the death of his wife, Princess Zorka, thus honoring the date by Julian calendar when Serbian rebels liberated Belgrade during the First Serbian Uprising.[7][8]

Oplenac is the mausoleum of the Karađorđević dynasty

Furthermore, King Peter chose Duke of Vasojevići Miljan Vukov Vešović to be his bridesman during his wedding to princess Zorka in 1883. Upon being asked by his future father-in-law prince Nicholas why he chose Miljan amongst various Dukes of Montenegro, he replied that he chose him because of heroism and relation describing him as Vojvode of my own blood and kin.[9] His son, Alexander, who was born in Cetinje was nicknamed Montenegrin[10] The Vasojevići tribe claim descent from Stefan Konstantin of the Nemanjić dynasty.[4] The Vasojevići were proud of Karađorđe, and saw him as their kinsman.[11] Montenegrin politician and Vasojević Gavro Vuković, supported this theory.[12] Accordingly, Alexander Karađorđević (1806-1885) was given the title "Voivode of Vasojevići" by Petar II in 1840.[12][13] Other theories include: Montenegrin historian Miomir Dašić claimed that Karađorđe's family originated from the Gurešići from Podgorica in Montenegro.[6] Folklorist Dragutin Vuković believed that Tripko Knežević–Guriš was Karađorđe's great-grandfather;[6] Vukićević, writing in 1907, said that in the surroundings of Podgorica, there is a local claim that Karađorđe's ancestors initially came from Vranj.[14]

The family claimed descent from the Vasojevići tribe (in Montenegro) and had emigrated in the late 1730s or early 1740s.[15] The family lived in Mačitevo (in Suva Reka), from where grandfather Jovan moved to Viševac, while Jovan's brother Radak moved to Mramorac.[3][4] According to Serbian socialist Dimitrije Tucović and publicist Miroslav Ćosovic, the ancestors of Karađorđević are part of the Vasojevići tribe, which according to them is of Albanian origin.[16][17][18]

Monarchs
See also: List of Serbian monarchs and List of heads of state of Yugoslavia
Picture TitleName Reign Notes
Grand Vožd of Serbia
Karađorđe Petrović		February 15, 1804 – September 21, 1813Leader of the First Serbian Uprising.
Deposed and exiled to Austria.
Collapse of the First Serbian Uprising.
Prince of Serbia
Alexander		September 14, 1842 – December 23, 1858Abdicated.
Return of Obrenović dynasty to power.
King of Serbia;
King of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Petar I		June 15, 1903 – August 16, 1921In exile from November 1915 due to the Serbian Campaign.
Proclaimed King of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes on December 1, 1918.
King of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes;
King of Yugoslavia
Alexander I		August 16, 1921 – October 9, 1934Changed title to "King of Yugoslavia" in 1929.
Assassinated in Marseilles.
Prince regent of Yugoslavia
Paul		October 9, 1934 – March 27, 1941Prince Regent for Peter II.
King of Yugoslavia
Peter II		October 9, 1934 – November 29, 1945Prince Paul acted as regent until ousted on March 27, 1941; exiled on April 17, 1941, and deposed on November 29, 1945.

Current claims to the throne
Prince Alexander with his second wife, Princess Katherine.

The Karađorđevićs are active in Serbian society in various ways. There is a view that constitutional parliamentary monarchy would be the ultimate solution for stability, unity and continuity. In addition, they support Serbia as a democratic country with a future in the European Union.

The last crown prince of Yugoslavia, Alexander, has lived in Belgrade in the Dedinje Royal Palace since 2001. As the only son of the last king, Peter II, who never abdicated, and the last official heir of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia he claims to be the rightful heir to the Serbian throne in the event of restoration. Prior to the fall of Slobodan Milošević, he personally united the parliamentary opposition in several major congresses. In the palace, he regularly receives religious leaders and strives, as opportunity permits, to demonstrate his commitment to human rights and to democracy.

The Karađorđevićs are much engaged in humanitarian work. Crown Princess Katherine has a humanitarian foundation while Crown Prince Alexander heads the Foundation for Culture and Education, whose activities include student scholarships, summer camps for children, etc. The Karađorđevićs are also prominent in national sports activities.

Serbia and Yugoslavia
See also: Kingdom of Serbia and Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Karadjordjević family initially was a Serbian Royal House, then the Royal House of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and then the Royal House of Yugoslavia. When they last reigned they were called the Royal House of Yugoslavia.

Crown Prince Alexander was born in London but on property temporarily recognised by the United Kingdom's government as subject to the sovereignty of the Yugoslav crown, on which occasion it was publicly declared that the Crown Prince had been born on the native soil of the land he was expected to eventually rule.[19]

Heraldry
See also: Coat of arms of Serbia and Coat of arms of Yugoslavia
  • Coat of arms of Serbia
  • Coat of arms of Yugoslavia

Family tree
Karađorđe
b. 1768 – d. 1817
reigned 1804–1813
Alexis
b. 1801 – d. 1830		Alexander Karađorđević
b. 1806 – d. 1885
reigned 1842–1858
George
b. 1827 – d. 1884		Peter I
b. 1844 – d. 1921
reigned 1903–1921		Arsen
b. 1859 – d. 1938
Alexis
b. 1859 – d. 1920		Bojidar
b. 1862 – d. 1908		George
b. 1887 – d. 1972		Alexander I
b. 1888 – d. 1934
reigned 1921–1934		Paul Karađorđević
b. 1893 – d. 1976
ruled 1934–1941
(as Prince Regent)
Peter II
b. 1923 – d. 1970
reigned 1934–1945		Tomislav
b. 1928 – d. 2000		Andrew
b. 1929 – d. 1990		Alexander
b. 1924 – d. 2016		Nicholas
b. 1928 – d. 1954
Alexander Karađorđević
b. 1945		Nicholas
b. 1958
George
b. 1984
Michael
b. 1985		Karl Vladimir
b. 1964
Dimitri Mihailo
b. 1965		Dimitri
b. 1958		Michael
b. 1958		Sergius
b. 1963		Dušan
b. 1977
Peter
b. 1980		Philip
b. 1982		Alexander
b. 1982
Stefan
b. 2018

References
  1. "Pastir u najmu".
  2. "Srpsko Nasledje". Srpsko Nasledje. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
  3. Bogdan Popović, Jovan Skerlić (1932). Srpski književni glasnik, Volumes 35-36. p. 282.
  4. R-J. V. Vesović, 1935, "Pleme Vasojevići", Državna Štampa u Sarajevu, Sarajevo
  5. Felix Phillip Kanitz 1987, p. 334: "Као што је доказао Ђукић10, велики српски борац за слободу угледао је свој први дан живота 1752. у Вишевцу, окруженом густом храстовом шумом, где се његов отац доселио из Васојевића у Црној Гори."
  6. (redjasna@yahoo.com), Veselin Ostojin (happynose@geocities.com), Jasmina Maric. "Srpsko Nasledje". www.srpsko-nasledje.co.rs.
  7. "MISTERIJA SLAVE KARAĐORĐEVIĆA: Evo kojim svecima su se molili preci Karađorđa!".
  8. "Čuvaju slavu velikog vožda".
  9. btgport.net. "Karađorđevići porijeklom iz Vasojevića". mojenovosti.com.
  10. "Надимци старих Београђана - Politikin Zabavnik". politikin-zabavnik.co.rs.
  11. Pregled, Volume 9 (in Serbian). Nova tiskara Vrček i dr. 1933. Васојевићи нарочито радо причају о војводама Србије који су имали везе са њиховим племеном или из њега старином потичу. Говоре често о Карађорђу, зову га Карађоко и сматрају га као свој изданак.
  12. Vuković 1985
  13. "Његово мишљење је почетком прошлог века прихватио и историчар Вукићевић, прилажући као доказ диплому коју је 1840. године владика црногорски Петар II Петровић Његош издао Вождовом сину Александру Карађорђевићу, у којој се каже да Вожд потиче од "древних кнезова наше провинције Васојевића"".
  14. Vukićević 1907, p. 5: "околини Подгорице и у селу Врању. А да је Карађорђе старинбм из села Врања, чуо је у Црној Гори још 1875 године г.
  15. Király & Rothenberg 1982, p. 23.
  16. "Serbien und Albanien: ein kritischer Beitrag zur Unterdrückungspolitik der serbischen Bourgeoisie". Albanian History (in German). 11 April 2017.
  17. "NAPAD NA SRPSTVO: Nemanjići i Karađorđe su poreklom Albanci!". Kurir (in Serbian). 29 March 2014.
  18. "Mit je da je Karađorđe Petrović bio porijeklom iz Vasojevića". Portalanalitika (in Serbian). 26 August 2017.
  19. "Crown Prince Alexander II: the man who would be king of Serbia". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-07-06.
  • Gavro Vuković (1985). Slobodan Tomović (ed.). Memoari, Volume 2. Obod.
  • Felix Phillip Kanitz (1987). Srbija: zemlja i stanovništvo od rimskog doba do kraja XIX veka, Volume 1 (3 ed.). Srpska književna zadruga.
  • Milenko M. Vukićević (1907). Karađorđe: 1752-1804. Štampano u Državnoj štampariji Kraljevine Srbije.

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