Bromine trifluoride

Bromine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the formula BrF3. It is a straw-coloured liquid with a pungent odor.[5] It is soluble in sulfuric acid but reacts violently with water and organic compounds. It is a powerful fluorinating agent and an ionizing inorganic solvent. It is used to produce uranium hexafluoride (UF6) in the processing and reprocessing of nuclear fuel.[6]

Bromine trifluoride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.211
EC Number
  • 232-132-1
UNII
UN number 1746
Properties
BrF3
Molar mass 136.90 g/mol
Appearance straw-coloured liquid
hygroscopic
Odor Choking, pungent[1]
Density 2.803 g/cm3 [2]
Melting point 8.77 °C (47.79 °F; 281.92 K)
Boiling point 125.72 °C (258.30 °F; 398.87 K)
Reacts with water[3]
Solubility in sulfuric acid very soluble
Structure
T-shaped (C2v)
1.19 D
Hazards[4]
Main hazards dangerously sensitive to water, source of HF
Safety data sheet See: data page
http://www.chammascutters.com/en/downloads/Bromine-Trifluoride-MSDS.pdf
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word Danger
GHS hazard statements
 H271, H330, H314, H373
P102, P103, P210, P220, P221, P260, P264, P271, P280, P283, P284, P301+310, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P304+312, P306+360, P308+313, P370+380, P340, P363, P305+351+338+310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Related compounds
Other anions
 Bromine monochloride
Other cations
 Chlorine trifluoride
Iodine trifluoride
Related compounds
 Bromine monofluoride
Bromine pentafluoride
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
 Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Synthesis

Bromine trifluoride was first described by Paul Lebeau in 1906, who obtained the material by the reaction of bromine with fluorine at 20 °C:[7]

Br2 + 3 F2 → 2 BrF3

The disproportionation of bromine monofluoride also gives bromine trifluoride:[5]

3 BrF → BrF3 + Br2

Structure

Like ClF3 and IF3, the BrF3 molecule is T-shaped and planar. In the VSEPR formalism, the bromine center is assigned two electron pairs. The distance from the bromine each axial fluorine is 1.81 Å and to the equatorial fluorine is 1.72 Å. The angle between an axial fluorine and the equatorial fluorine is slightly smaller than 90° — the 86.2° angle observed is due to the repulsion generated by the electron pairs being greater than that of the Br-F bonds.[8][9]

Chemical properties

BrF3 rapidly and exothermically reacts with water to release hydrobromic acid and hydrofluoric acid:

BrF3 + 2H2O → 3HF + HBr + O2

BrF3 is a fluorinating agent, but less reactive than ClF3. The liquid is conducting, owing to autoionisation:[6]

2 BrF3 ⇌ BrF2+ + BrF4−

Many ionic fluorides dissolve readily in BrF3 forming fluoroanions:[6]

KF + BrF3 → KBrF4

Covalent fluorides may also react as fluoride acceptor, which make them acidic in this solvent:[10]

BrF3 + SbF5 → [BrF2+][SbF6−]

References
  1. http://www.chammascutters.com/en/downloads/Bromine-Trifluoride-MSDS.pdf
  2. Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.
  3. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-13. Retrieved 2012-11-25.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. "Safety Data Sheet Bromine Trifluoride" (PDF). Airgas. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  5. Simons JH (1950). "Bromine(III) Fluoride (Bromine Trifluoride)". Bromine (III) Fluoride - Bromine Trifluoride. Inorganic Syntheses. 3. pp. 184–186. doi:10.1002/9780470132340.ch48. ISBN 978-0-470-13234-0.
  6. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  7. Lebeau P. (1906). "The effect of fluorine on chloride and on bromine". Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 9: 241–263.
  8. Gutmann V (1950). "Die Chemie in Bromitrifluorid". Angewandte Chemie. 62 (13–14): 312–315. doi:10.1002/ange.19500621305.
  9. Meinert H (1967). "Interhalogenverbindungen". Zeitschrift für Chemie. 7 (2): 41–57. doi:10.1002/zfch.19670070202.
  10. A. J. EDWARDS and G. R. JONES. JChern. Soc. (London) A, 1467 (1969)
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