Bangladesh Ansar
The Bangladesh Ansar (also known as the Ansar Bahini) is a paramilitary auxiliary force responsible for the preservation of internal security and law enforcement in Bangladesh.[1][2] It is administered by the Ministry of Home Affairs of the Government of Bangladesh.[3][4]
| Bangladesh Ansar | |
|---|---|
| বাংলাদেশ আনসার | |
  | |
| Allegiance | Bangladesh |
| Type | Paramilitary Internal Security, Law Enforcement, Gendarmerie |
| Size | 5,840,000 |
| Garrison/HQ | Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| Nickname(s) | BA |
| Anniversaries | 12 February 1948 |
| Engagements | 1965 Indo-Pak War Bangladesh War of Independence |
| Decorations | 1. Bir Sreshtho 2. Bir Uttom 3. Bir Bikrom 4. Bir Protik |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander | Major General Kazi Sharif Kaikobad |
Etymology
The name originates from the Arabic word of "Ansar", which denotes a "volunteer" and specifically refers to the companions of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, during his exile from Mecca.[3][4]
The Ansar force was formed as the "East Pakistan Ansars" by the East Pakistan Ansars Act of 1948, and officially launched on 12 February 1948.[4] The first director of the Ansar was James Buchanan, a British official appointed by the government of then-Chief Minister of East Bengal Khawaja Nazimuddin in 1946.[4] The force was placed under the administration of the home ministry of the province of East Bengal British India).
The emphasis was on recruiting in border areas, where Ansars were deployed to interdict smuggling and prevent emigrants from taking valuables out of the country illegally.[1] The force grew quickly. By early 1949 there were 118,000 Ansars. According to a story, without evidence, by a Mr Willem van Schendel, the Ansars "soon earned a reputation for intimidation and hooliganism, especially with regard to the non-Muslim inhabitants of East Pakistan."[5] During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the Ansar were deployed to the border areas along with the East Pakistan Rifles to support the Pakistani army.[4]
Bangladesh War of Independence
During the Bangladesh War of Independence of 1971, bulk of the Ansar joined the Bangladesh Forces guerrillas to fight against the Punjabi-run Pakistani army.[4] 12 Ansar members presented a guard of honour to the Bangladesh government in exile at 8 Theatre road on 17 April 1971.[6] As a result, the Ansars were disbanded by the Pakistani government.[6]
Post- independence
After the independence of Bangladesh, the force was reconstituted as the Bangladesh Ansar. The Ansar were given fresh importance by the government of President Ziaur Rahman, which designated the Ansar as the "people's defence force" and formed Ansar battalions.[7]
Raising of Ansar battalions
In 1976, 20 Battalions of Ansar were raised in line with the Armed Police Battalions to augment the strength of the security forces.[1] At present, there are 38 Male and 2 Female Ansar Battalions deployed all over the country. Battalion Ansars are mainly deployed in Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) for Counter Insurgency Operations (CIO) and south-western region of the country for Counter Terrorism Operations.[2][6]
1994 mutiny and reforms
In 1994, a mutiny against low pay and unfair treatment was suppressed by the Bangladesh Rifles.[8][9] This prompted a series of reforms by successive governments including the Ansar Bahini Act (1995), Battalion Ansar Act (1995) and the Village Defence Party Act (1995).[1] Under these Acts, the Ansar Bahini and the Battalion Ansars were declared a "Disciplined Force" in accordance with article 152 of the Constitution.[1] The government also set up "Ansar VDP Unnayan Bank" where the members of Ansar-VDP members were entitled to loans and shares.[1][6]
In 1998, Bangladesh Ansar and VDP were awarded the National Standard, and in 2004 it was awarded the Independence Award.[6] The service of battalion Ansars was under National Pay Scale in October 2008, and they were entitled to family rations and combat uniform.[4] In 2006, the role of Ansar- VDP was expanded to fight rising militancy.[2] In 2016, the Ansar Striking Force, a 300 strong elite unit, was created to provide security to diplomats.[10]
Role
The stated missions of Ansar are:
- To assist Government or Any Authority under Government in relations to Human Security ;[1][6][11]
- To take part in any public welfare activities as per the Government's instructions to improve socio-economic conditions of the country.
- To take part in any disaster management activities as per the Government's instructions.
- To assist other forces (Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Navy, Bangladesh Air Force, Border Guard Bangladesh, Bangladesh Police) when doing so does not hamper any of the above-mentioned tasks.
- To assist Bangladesh Armed Forces in national defence in wartime;[2][4][7]
The members of Ansar also participate in education expansion programs, tree plantation, population control, women's empowerment, and sanitation activities.[2][12]
Organization
There are 3 Types of Ansars: Regular Ansars (Battalion Ansars), Embodied Ansars (Armed and Attached to Industrial units, Key Point Installations etc.), and Un-embodied Ansars (Trained but Unarmed Volunteers). The total strength of the Regular Ansar is 16,000, Embodied Ansars 50,000; Un-embodied Ansars strength is close to 200,000.[7]
The Ansar is headed by a director-general, who also heads the Village Defence Party (VDPs).[13]
Headquarters
The headquarters of the Ansar is located in Khilgaon, Dhaka and the training facilities are located at the Bangladesh Ansar & VDP Academy in Shafipur, Gazipur, north of the national capital, Dhaka.[2][7]
Equipment
- Type 56
- Type 56 carbine
- Lee–Enfield
References
- Nabi, Khondaker Md Nur Un. "Ansar and Village Defence Party". en.banglapedia.org. Banglapedia. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
- "PM urged Ansar-VDP members to help resist militants". BDNews24. 23 January 2006.
- Heitzman, James; Worden, Robert, eds. (1989). "Auxiliary Forces". Bangladesh: A Country Study. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 237.
- "About Bangladesh Ansar & VDP". Bangladesh Ansar & VDP – Government of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
- Van Schendel, Willem (2005). The Bengal Borderland: Beyond State and Nation in South Asia. Anthem Press. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-1-84331-145-4.
- "Bangladesh ansar & village defence party". Guardianbd. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
- Taru Bahl, M.H. Syed (2003). Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 184–85. ISBN 978-81-261-1419-1.
- Chowdhury, Afsan. "What Lies Below". Forum. The Daily Star. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- "Ansar militiamen clench their fist and shout sloga". Getty Images. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- Nation, The New. "It'll provide security to foreign diplomats, missions: FM". The New Nation. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- "Protect public life, property" (1). The Daily Star. UNB. 12 February 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
- "Profile of Director General". Bangladesh Ansar & VDP – Government of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2010.