Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line

Tokyo Wan Aqua-Line Expressway
東京湾アクアライン
Route information
Length 23.7 km (14.7 mi)
Major junctions
West end Kawasaki Ukishima Junction
Shuto Expressway Bayshore Route
in Kawasaki, Kanagawa
East end Kisarazu Interchange
Ken-Ō Expressway in
Kisarazu, Chiba
Highway system
National highways of Japan
Expressways of Japan
Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line
東京湾アクアライン
Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line (bridge section)
Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line (bridge section)
Coordinates 35°27′47″N 139°52′31″E / 35.46306°N 139.87528°E / 35.46306; 139.87528Coordinates: 35°27′47″N 139°52′31″E / 35.46306°N 139.87528°E / 35.46306; 139.87528
Carries 4 lanes of National Route 409[1]
Crosses Tokyo Bay
Locale
Other name(s) Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway
Characteristics
Design
Total length
  • bridge: 4,384 metres (14,383 ft)[2]
  • tunnel: 9,600 metres (31,496 ft)
Width 22.9 metres (75 ft)[2]
Longest span 240 metres (787 ft)[3]
Piers in water 42[2]
Clearance below 29 metres (95 ft)[2]
History
Fabrication by
  • bridge: Yokogawa Bridge Corp.[4] and JFE Engineering[5]
  • tunnel:
Construction start 1989
Construction cost ¥1.4 trillion
Opened 18 December 1997 (1997-12-18)
Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line
Location in Tokyo Bay and Bōsō Peninsula
Tokyo Bay Tunnel
Umihotaru, where bridge transitions to tunnel
Umihotaru, where bridge transitions to tunnel
Overview
Status
  • 2 in use
  • 1 planned
Start Umihotaru Island
End Ukishima, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
Operation
Constructed Taisei[6]
Technical
No. of lanes 2 (unidirectional) in each of 2 tunnels
Highest elevation sea level
Lowest elevation −45 metres (−148 ft)
Width
  • 14.1 metres (46 ft) OD
  • 11.9 metres (39 ft) ID
  • 10.5 metres (34 ft) roadway
Grade 4%[7]

The Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line (東京湾アクアライン, Tōkyō-wan Akua-rain[8]), also known as the Trans-Tokyo Bay Expressway, is an expressway that mainly made up of a bridge–tunnel combination across Tokyo Bay in Japan. It connects the city of Kawasaki in Kanagawa Prefecture with the city of Kisarazu in Chiba Prefecture, and forms part of National Route 409. With an overall length of 23.7 km, it includes a 4.4 km bridge and 9.6 km tunnel underneath the bay—the fourth-longest underwater tunnel in the world.[9]

Overview

At the bridge–tunnel crossover point, there is an artificial island called Umihotaru (海ほたる, Umi-hotaru, literally meaning "sea firefly") with a rest area consisting of restaurants, shops and amusement facilities. Air is supplied to the tunnel by a distinctive tower in the middle of the tunnel, called the Kaze no Tō (風の塔, "the tower of wind"), which uses the bay's almost-constant winds as a power source.

The road opened on December 18, 1997 after 23 years of planning and 9 years of construction at a cost of 1.44 trillion yen (11.2 billion USD at the time of opening).

The Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line reduced the drive between Chiba and Kanagawa, two important industrial regions, from 90 to 15 minutes,[10] and also contributed to cutting the travel time to the sea leisure area in the southern part of the Bōsō Peninsula from Tokyo and Kanagawa. Before the tunnel opened, one had to drive around about 100 km along the shores of Tokyo Bay and pass through downtown Tokyo.

One goal expressed during the planning of the Aqua-Line was to reduce the traffic through downtown Tokyo, but as the highway toll is quite high, the reduction in Tokyo traffic has not been as great as expected.

Many highway bus services now use the Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line, including lines from Tokyo Station, Yokohama Station and Haneda Airport to Kisarazu, Kimitsu, Kamogawa, Katsuura and Tateyama.

Tolls

The cash toll for a single trip on the Aqua-Line is ¥3000 for ordinary-size cars (¥2400 for kei cars); however, using the ETC (electronic toll collection) system, the fare is ¥2320 (¥1860 for kei cars). The ETC toll is reduced to ¥1000 on Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays. In general, tolls for usage of the Aqua-Line in either direction are collected at the mainline toll plaza on the Kisarazu end.

Toll table of Tokyo-bay Aqua Line
(Kawasaki-Ukishima Junction – Kisarazu-Kaneda Interchange)
Type of carTollETC Aqua-Line
Special discount		ETC Pilot Test discount
(from July 2009)
Normal cars3,000JPY2,320JPY800JPY
Midsize cars3,600JPY2,780JPY960JPY
Large cars4,950JPY3,830JPY1,320JPY
Specific large cars8,250JPY6,380JPY2,200JPY
Kei-cars and motorcycles2,400JPY1,860JPY640JPY

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Developments of transportation and industries, do bring a more comfortable life to every body". Tokyo wan Aqua-line. 1998. Archived from the original on 3 December 1998. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Shioi, Y.; Nakamura, S. (1994). "8: Design Concept of the Trans-Tokyo Bay Bridge". In Pritchard, B.P. Continuous and Integral Bridges. London: E & FN Spon. pp. 75–84. ISBN 0-419-19030-9. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  3. ↑ Nagai, Masatsugu; Okui, Yoshiaki; Kawai, Yutaka; Yamamoto, Masaaki; Saito, Kimio (2014). "23: Bridge Engineering in Japan". In Chen, Wai-Fah; Duan, Lian. Handbook of International Bridge Engineering. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 1048. ISBN 978-1-4398-1030-9. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  4. ↑ "Steel Bridges: Structures in Japan". Yokogawa Bridge Corporation. Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  5. ↑ "Girder bridges". JFE Engineering Corporation. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  6. ↑ "Taisei Corporation's Journey over 140 Years" (PDF). Taisei Corporation. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  7. ↑ Funasaki, Tsuneyoshi; Yamada, Norio; Izumi, Yasutaka; Miki, Keizou (1998). "Construction of Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway". IABSE Reports. 78: 43–48. doi:10.5169/seals-59019.
  8. ↑ Katakana-shingo-jiten, Gakken 2003, ISBN 4-05-301351-8
  9. ↑ Hotta, Kenji (2002). "4: Tokyo Bay Reformation". In Chen, Jiyu; Eisma, Doeke; Hotta, Kenji; Walker, H. Jesse. Engineered Coasts. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. pp. 94–95. ISBN 1-4020-0521-0. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  10. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-02-11. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  • Japan Highways site (in Japanese)
  • (in Japanese) East Nippon Expressway Company
  • NEXCO East's info regarding U-turns at Umi-hotaru (in Japanese)
  • Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway at Structurae. Retrieved on 6 March 2015.
  • Tokyo Bay Aqualine at Structurae. Retrieved on 6 March 2015.
  • Tokyo Bay Aqualine Bridge at Structurae. Retrieved on 6 March 2015.
  • Tokyo Bay Aqualine Tunnel at Structurae. Retrieved on 6 March 2015.
  • Alfred, Randy (18 December 2008). "Dec. 18, 1997: 360 Seconds Under Tokyo". WIRED. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  • "The World's Largest-Scale Marine Civil Engineering Project: The Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway" (PDF). KAJIMA News & Notes. Autumn 1997. pp. 2–5. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  • Uchida, K; Shioi, Y; Hirukawa, T; Tatsuoka, F (8–12 August 1993). Wu, JTH; Barrett, R.K., eds. The Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway project - a huge project currently under construction. Transportation Facilities Through Difficult Terrain. Aspen-Snowmass, Colorado. pp. 57–87. ISBN 90-5410-343-4.
  • Tatsuoka, F. (1998). "Geotechnical Engineering Aspects of Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway Project" (PDF). Saitama University. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  • "Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway" (PDF). Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway Corporation. c. 1990. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.