Sanming dialect

Sanming dialect
	三明事
Pronunciation	[sɔ̃ ˥˥˧ mã˦˩ ʃia˧˧]
Native to	Southern China
Region	Sanming, Fujian
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Chinese Min Central Min Sanming dialect; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
Linguasphere	79-AAA-hbb

Sanming dialect (Central Min: 三明事; Mandarin Chinese: 三明話) is a dialect of Central Min Chinese spoken in urban area of Sanming, which is a prefecture-level city in western Fujian province of China.

Phonology

Sanming dialect has 17 initials, 37 rimes and 6 tones.

Initials

		Bilabial		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Velar
		Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced
Nasal			m		n				ŋ
Stop	Tenuis	p		t				k
Stop	Aspirated	pʰ		tʰ				kʰ
Affricate	Tenuis			ʦ		tʃ
Affricate	Aspirated			ʦʰ		tʃʰ
Fricative				s		ʃ		x

Rimes


	Open syllable		Nasal coda	Nasal vowel coda
Open mouth	ɿ ɛ ɒ a ɯ ø	aɯ au	am aiŋ m	ã ɔ̃
Even mouth	i iɛ iɒ ia iɯ	iau	iam iaiŋ	iã iɔ̃ ɛ̃
Closed mouth	u uɛ ui o		ŋ	uã
Round mouth	y yi yɛ yo		yaiŋ	yã yɛ̃

Tones

No.	1	2	3	4	5	6
Tone name	dark level 陰平	light level 陽平	dark rising 陰上	light rising 陽上	departing 去聲	entering 入聲
Tone contour	˥˥˧ 553	˦˩ 41	˨˩ 21	˨˩˧ 213	˧˧ 33	˩˨ 12

The entering tones in Sanming dialect don't have any entering tone coda (入聲韻尾) such as /-ʔ/, /-p̚/, /-t̚/ and /-k̚/. It's quite different from many other Chinese dialects.

References

Compilation Commission of Chorography of Sanming City 福建省三明市地方志编纂委员会 (2002). San ming shi zhi 三明市志 ["Chorography of Sanming City"]. 53. Beijing: Fangzhi chubanshe 方志出版社 ["Chorography Press"]. ISBN 978-7-80122-619-8.

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