Robert Thurman

Robert Thurman
Thurman in 2014
Born Robert Alexander Farrar Thurman
(1941-08-03) August 3, 1941
New York City, U.S.
Residence New York City, New York, U.S.
Other names Bob Thurman, Alexander Thurman, Alecsander Thermen
Alma mater Phillips Exeter Academy (1958)
Harvard University (B.A., M.A., Ph.D.)
Spouse(s)
Children 5, including Uma Thurman
Scientific career
Fields Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Studies
Institutions Columbia University
Doctoral advisor Daniel H.H. Ingalls, Sr.
Doctoral students Christian K. Wedemeyer

Robert Alexander Farrar Thurman (born August 3, 1941) is an American Buddhist author and academic who has written, edited, and translated several books on Tibetan Buddhism. He is the father of actor Uma Thurman. He is the Je Tsongkhapa Professor of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Studies at Columbia University, holding the first endowed chair in this field of study in the United States. He also is the co-founder and president of the Tibet House New York and is active against the People's Republic of China's control of Tibet. He translated the Vimalakirti Sutra from the Tibetan Kanjur into English.

Early life

Thurman was born in New York City, the son of Elizabeth Dean Farrar (1907–1973), a stage actress, and Beverly Reid Thurman, Jr. (1909–1962), an Associated Press editor and U.N. translator (French and English).[1] He is of English, German, Scottish, and Irish ancestry.[1] His brother, John Thurman, is a professional concert cellist who performs with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra. He attended Phillips Exeter Academy from 1954 to 1958, followed by Harvard University, where he obtained his B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees,[2]

In 1959, at age 18, he married Marie-Christophe de Menil, daughter of Dominique de Menil and John de Menil and heiress to the Schlumberger Limited oil-equipment fortune.[2][3] In 1961 Thurman lost his left eye in an accident while he was using a jack to lift an automobile, and the eye was replaced with an ocular prosthetic.[4]

Career

After the accident Thurman decided to refocus his life, divorcing de Menil and traveling from 1961 to 1966 in Turkey, Iran and India.[2][5] In India he taught English to exiled tulkus (reincarnated Tibetan lamas).[2] After his father's death in 1962, Thurman came back to the United States and in New Jersey met Geshe Wangyal, a Buddhist monk from Mongolia who became his guru.[2] Thurman became a Buddhist and went back to India where, due to Wangyal's introduction, Thurman studied with Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama[5][6] Thurman was ordained by the Dalai Lama in 1965, the first American Buddhist monk of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, and the two became close friends.[6][7]

In 1967, Thurman returned to the United States and renounced his monk status (which required celibacy) to marry his second wife, German-Swedish model and psychotherapist Nena von Schlebrügge, who was divorced from Timothy Leary.[5] Thurman obtained an M.A in 1969 and a Ph.D. in Sanskrit Indian Studies in 1972 from Harvard. He was professor of religion at Amherst College from 1973 to 1988, when he accepted a position at Columbia University as professor of religion and Sanskrit.[2] At Amherst College Thurman met his lifelong friend Prof. Lal Mani Joshi, a distinguished Indian Buddhist scholar.

In 1986, Thurman created Tibet House U.S. with Nena von Schlebrügge, Richard Gere and Philip Glass at the request of the Dalai Lama.[8] Tibet House is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to help preserve Tibetan Culture in exile. In 2001, the Pathwork Center, a 320-acre (1.3 km2) retreat center on Panther Mountain in Phoenicia, New York, was donated to Tibet House. Thurman and von Schlebrügge renamed the center Menla Mountain Retreat and Conference Center. Menla (the Tibetan name for the Medicine Buddha) was developed into a state-of-the-art healing arts center grounded in the Tibetan Medical tradition in conjunction with other holistic paradigms.[9]

Personal life

Twice married, Robert Thurman is the father of five children and grandfather to eight grandchildren. With Marie-Christophe de Menil, he has one daughter, Taya; their grandson was the late artist Dash Snow.[2] He also has a great-granddaughter through his late grandson.[10] Robert and Nena Thurman have four children, including Ganden, who is Executive Director of Tibet House, actress Uma Thurman, Dechen, and Mipam.[5][11] Robert and Nena's children grew up in Woodstock, NY, where the Thurmans had bought nine acres of land with a small inheritance Nena had received. The Thurmans built their own house there.[11]

Ideas

Thurman is known for translations and explanations of Buddhist religious and philosophical material, particularly that pertaining to the Gelugpa (dge-lugs-pa) school of Tibetan Buddhism and its founder, Je Tsongkhapa.[5]

Public reception

Time chose Robert Thurman as one of the 25 most influential Americans of 1997.[12]

Thurman is considered a pioneering, creative and talented translator of Buddhist literature by many of his Engish-speaking peers. Speaking of Thurman's translation of Tsongkhapa's Essence of Eloquence (Legs bshad snying po), Matthew Kapstein (professor at the University of Chicago and Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris) has written that, "The Essence of Eloquence is famed in learned Tibetan circles as a text of unparalleled difficulty. ... To have translated it into English at all must be reckoned an intellectual accomplishment of a very high order. To have translated it to all intents and purposes correctly is a staggering achievement."[13] Similarly, prominent Buddhologist Jan Nattier has praised the style of Thurman's translation of the Vimalakīrti Sūtra, praising it as among the very best of translations of that important Indian Buddhist scripture.[14]

Donald S. Lopez, Jr., Professor at the University of Michigan, has claimed that Thurman's work, "like so much of the work produced by American students of Tibetan Buddhism," shows "a bias that is both scholastic and Geluk."[15]

In a 1996 interview for the Utne Reader, Thurman answers those critics who accuse him of idealizing pre-1959 Tibet:

My thesis is a sociological one that has to do with mainstream social trends. The fact that a great majority of a country’s single males are monks rather than soldiers is a major social difference. Now, many of those monks might be nasty, they might punch people, some of them might pick your pockets, some of them might be ignorant. They might eat yak meat; they’re not out there petting the yaks. So I am in no way Shangri-La-izing Tibet when I try to develop a non-Orientalist way of appraising and appreciating certain social achievements of Tibet, which really tried to create a fully Buddhist society.[16]

Works

  • The Holy Teaching of Vimalakirti: A Mahayana Scripture, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000, ISBN 9780271012094
  • The Central Philosophy of Tibet: A Study and Translation of Jey Tsong Khapa's Essence of True Eloquence, Princeton University Press, 1991 ISBN 9780691020679
  • The Tibetan Book of the Dead: The Natural Liberation Through Understanding in the Between Bantam Doubleday Dell, 1994 (translations in Spanish, French, German, Italian, Korean, Japanese, Chinese, Russian) ISBN 9780553370904
  • Essential Tibetan Buddhism, Castle Books, 1995 ISBN 9780062510518
  • Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet, Abrams, 1996 ISBN 9780810939851
  • Mandala: The Architecture of Enlightenment, Shambhala Publications, 1997 ISBN 9780500280188
  • World of Transformation: Masterpieces of Tibetan Sacred Art in the Donald Rubin Collection (with Marilyn Rhie), Tibet House/Abrams, 1999 ISBN 978-0810963870
  • Inner Revolution: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Real Happiness, Penguin, 1999 ISBN 9781573227193
  • Circling the Sacred Mountain: A Spiritual Adventure Through the Himalayas with Tad Wise, Bantam Doubleday Dell, 1999 ISBN 9780553103465
  • Infinite Life: Seven Virtues for Living Well, Riverhead Books, 2004, ISBN 9781594480690
  • The Universal Vehicle Discourse Literature (with Lozang Jamspal, et al.), Columbia University Press, 2005 ISBN 9780975373408
  • The Jewel Tree of Tibet: The Enlightenment Engine of Tibetan Buddhism, Free Press/Simon & Schuster, 2005 ISBN 9780743257633
  • Anger: of the Seven Deadly Sins, Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 9780195169751
  • Life and Teachings of Tsongkhapa, Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 2006, ISBN 9788186470442
  • Why the Dalai Lama Matters: His Act of Truth as the Solution for China, Tibet and the World, Atria Books/Beyond Words, 2008, ISBN 9781582702209
  • A Shrine for Tibet: The Alice Kandell Collection with Marylin Rhie, Overlook, 2010 ISBN 9780967011578
  • Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp of the Five Stages, Columbia University Press, 2011, ISBN 9781935011002
  • Love Your Enemies: How To Break the Anger Habit & Be a Whole Lot Happier with Sharon Salzberg, Hay House, 2013 ISBN 9781401928148

References

  1. 1 2 "Ancestry of Uma Thurman".
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Binelli, Mark (1 August 2013). "Robert Thurman, Buddha's Power Broker". Men's Journal.
  3. ↑ Foege, Alec (13 July 1998). "Guiding Light". People. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  4. ↑ Roberts, John B.; Roberts, Elizabeth A. (2009), "Freeing Tibet: 50 years of struggle, resilience, and hope", AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn: 160, ISBN 978-0-8144-0983-1, retrieved 2011-09-19
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Kamenetz, Rodger (5 May 1996). "Robert Thurman Doesn't Look Buddhist". The New York Times Magazine.
  6. 1 2 Valpy, Michael (1 September 2006). "Bob Thurman's Cool Revolution". Lion's Roar.
  7. ↑ "Why We Need Monasticism". Lion's Roar. 1 June 2010.
  8. ↑ Hoban, Phoebe (15 March 1998). "Thurmans All Come Out to Play". The New York Times.
  9. ↑ Robert Alexander Farrar Thurman. Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2007.
  10. ↑ Feuer, Alan; Salkin, Allen (24 July 2009). "Terrible End for an Enfant Terrible". The New York Times.
  11. 1 2 Green, Penelope (20 May 2017). "50 Years of Marriage and Mindfulness With Nena and Robert Thurman". The New York Times.
  12. ↑ Time's 25 most influential Americans. Time, 21 April 1997
  13. ↑ "Review of Robert Thurman, Tsong Khapa's Speech of Gold in the Essence of True Eloquence in Philosophy East and West XXXVI.2 (1986): 184
  14. ↑ “The Teaching of Vimalakīrti (Vimalakīrtinirdeśa): A Review of Four English Translations” by Jan Nattier in Buddhist Literature 2 (2000), pg. 234-258
  15. ↑ Prisoners of Shangri-La: Tibetan Buddhism and the West by Donald S. Lopez Jr. University Of Chicago Press: 1998. ISBN 0226493105 pg 266
  16. ↑ Interview by Joshua Glenn, "The Nitty Gritty of Nirvana",
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