Political positions of Vladimir Zhirinovsky

Vladimir Zhirinovsky, a member of the State Duma since 1993, leader of the Liberal Democratic Party and six-time Russian presidential candidate, has taken positions on many political issues through his public comments, his presidential campaign statements, and his voting record.

Zhirinovsky's positions trend towards the far-right of Russian politics. Zhirinovsky's positions have been seen as fascist,[1] however, Zhirinovsky himself has sharply objected to such a characterization.[2] In addition to being seen as a fascist, Zhirinovsky has also been regarded to be an ultranationalist.[3] Zhirinovsky's plans for reshaping the presidency essentially were to mold it into a dictatorship.[4][5]

The LDPR defined its members as being individuals who do not separate their personal interests from those of the motherland, a "creator capable of carrying out the priority tasks of the motherland aimed at preserving peace and raising the standard of living of all the population of our vast country."[2]

Zhirinovsky had, during the 1993 legislative campaign, referred to LDPR as the, “center-right party”, and claimed that its views were such that it could potentially be allied with Women of Russia and Civic Union in the State Duma.[6]

Zhirinovsky has a flair for demagoguery.[2] His written policy positions have, at times, been more moderate than those he has espoused in speeches and interviews.[2]

While Zhirinovsky and the LDPR formed a component of the political opposition to Boris Yeltsin in the 1990s, members of the LDPR largely voted against impeaching Yeltsin in 1999.[7] In more recent years, Zhirinovsky and the LDPR have often supported the agenda of Vladimir Putin's government when voting in the Duma.[8]

Domestic policy

In the early 1990s, the LDPR declared itself to have, "a program for the development of our society in accordance with its own needs without any interference from the outside."[2] This lightly appealed towards the Marxist concept of self-development.[2] The LDPR platform declared that, "the political activity of the LDPR is directed toward the restoration by peaceful means and the preservation of the Russian state that was created over the course of centuries; the restoration and guarding of the borders of the country, the realization within the country of the peaceful coexistence of all the populations inhabiting it–both small and large–with the right of preservation of traditions and customs, and the development of each individual's national culture and religion. Russia is a motherland for all, without any kind of discrimination."[2]

Zhirinovsky blamed the nation's struggles on various sources, scapegoating the peoples of the Caucasus, Jews, neigboring nations, and the West.[9]

Zhirinovsky's overall vision has long been to reestablish the Russian Empire through "imperial reconquest".[10][11] Zhirinovsky desired for the inner-boundaries to not be ethnically based,[10][2] and for all inner regions to be subordinate to a strong central government in Moscow, creating an authoritarian Greater Russia.[10][12][13] However, in 1996, he temporarily began moving in support of Yeltsin's vision to allow independence of former Soviet republics. However, he spoke in support of seeing regions inhabited by ethnic Russians succeed from the Republics and join Russia.[10]

Despite taking many positions to the contrary, during his 1991 presidential campaign Zhirinovsky stated that he saw a need for Russia to rapidly transition to a, "European model of society: free economy, human rights in first place, and civil society."[14]

Cultural preservation

The LDPR places an emphasis on the preservation of Russian culture.[2]

Zhirinovsky is against the use of foreign words in the Russian language.[15] Because of this, has proposed renaming the office of president to the "Supreme Ruler".[15] In his 2018 campaign, he proposed banning foreign-language signage, and issuing penalties for every foreign word uttered by the media.

Zhirinovsky has advocated for Volgograd to again be renamed Stalingrad, not because of his ideological position but out of respect for history.[16][17] He has also proposed that other cities also restore their Soviet-era names.[16]

In August 2014 Zhirinovsky proposed restoring Russia's Imperial flag and anthem.[18][19][20]

Economic policy

Zhirinovsky's economic stances in the 1990s were characterized as 'economic populism'.[10]

During his 1991 presidential campaign Zhirinovsky vowed to remove all limitations from all forms of economic activity and to influence such activity only through taxation.[2] Zhirinosky also promised to lower prices on alcohol and to demand its sale in all commercial outlets.[2][21][14] He summarized this campaign pledge by promising cheap vodka, "at every corner, around the clock if I win."[22] He stated, "Vodka is the national drink. It will be cheap when I come to power, and it will be sold at all retail outlets."[14]

In 1991 he also promised that he would provide the leadership needed to revive the Russian economy.[14]

During the 1993 legislative elections, LDPR believed that privatization should be limited to small or medium-sized business, land should remain under state ownership, industry should be state-controlled and all forms of “speculative trading” should be prohibited.[23][24]

During the mid-1990s, the LDPR platform was very vague on economic policy, giving no clear indication as to whether it championed a move towards either socialism or capitalism. Instead, the party platform declared that it aimed, "to create conditions in the country for the free exercise of the creative powers of the populations inhabiting it, and the assiduous utilization of the natural resources of our country."[2] The LDPR platform also stated that "the aim of the LDPR's economic policy is to create a worthy and happy life of dignity and prosperity for every inhabitant of Russia–gradually without 'revolutionary leaps' and convolutions...without any prompting, or granting of enslaving credit, 'from the outside'."[2] The LDPR advertised that its economic program would bring a supposed "100% improvement" to the lives of Russians.[2]

In his 2018 campaign, Zhirinovsky pledged to crack down on oligarchs if elected president.[25] He additionally proposed restricting speculative investments in housing.[16] Zhirinovsky also proposed removing all restrictions on travel abroad for those with debt.[16] He also proposed banning private debt collection activities, arguing that the exaction of debts owed should be carried out through the legal system and not by private individuals.[16] Additionally, he proposed redenominating the ruble and nationalizing large business chains.[16]

Family and marriage

During his 1991 campaign he promised to provide women with husbands.[14]

In his 2018 campaign, Zhirinvosky advocated banning marriages of convenience. He also argued that children should only be born with the consent and will of both parents.[16]

Government reform

Governmental structure of the RSFSR

In his 1991 presidential campaign Zhirinovsky vowed to stop the disintegration of the USSR, indicating intention to keep the RSFSR as part of the Soviet Union and halt the decline of the Soviet government[14][21] His 1991 campaign program also vowed that he would reject the policy by which Russia and the center (i.e. Moscow leadership of the USSR) are placed in opposition with each other.[2][26]

In his 1991 campaign Zhirinovsky also vowed to adopt a new constitution and a new system of legislation.[2] Zhirinovsky promised to "resolve national problems as they are resolved throughout the world, that is, by rejecting the division of the country on the basis of ethnic territories and switching instead to a system of division into regions and providences".[2]

During his 1991 campaign he proposed ending ethnic conflicts by partitioning Russia into gubernii (similar to US states) rather than national-territorial regions.[14] He also proposed creating highly centralized government authority.[14]

Governmental structure of the Russian Federation

Throughout the existence of the Russian Federation Zhirinovsky has taken a variety of positions on the governmental structure of the Russian government.

Zhirinovsky has been an ardent critic of the modern state structure of Russia. In particular, Zhirinovsky has criticized the Federal structure of Russia.[27]

During his 2012 campaign, Zhirinovsky stated that he believed that, "Russia should be a centralised state without regional princelings".[27] In his 2018 campaign Zhirinovsky argued that Russia should be a unitary country that consists of 40 Governorates.[28]

In its 1995 legislative campaign the LDPR promised to preserve Russia's multi-party system if it were to come into power.[29]

Zhirinovsky has also proposed reducing the number of members of the State Duma from 450 to 200 and abolishing the Federation Council in order to establish a unicameral parliament.[16][30]

In August 2014, he argued that Russia should abolish political parties and adopt an autocratic system in which the leader would be chosen by the "five to six thousand wisest people" in the country.[18][19][20]

Presidential authority

In the early 1990s, Zhirinovsky made it clear that he desired to bring a dictatorship to Russia.[4][2] He has long advocated for the centralization of power.[23]

In contrast with the Communist Party (which was critical towards a "strong presidency"), the Liberal Democratic Party heavily supported having a "strong presidency".[10][2] Zhirinovsky and the LDPR advocated for strong executive authority and a weak legislature.[10][2] Zhirinovsky sought to enact a strong presidential authority, in essence, a dictatorial/autocratic leadership.[2]

The LDPR strongly supported the authority of a president to dissolve parliament, to call for new elections, and to veto laws.[2]

In his 2012 presidential campaign, he reversed his previous positions, proposing that several presidential powers be transferred to the Duma.[4] He also proposed that a new office of "tzar" be created to serve as Russia's ceremonial head of state.[4]

In his 2018 campaign, Zhirinovsky reverted to his earlier stance on presidential authority, pledging to create a "brutal dictatorship" if he was elected president.[25]

Healthcare

In 1995 the LDPR promised that they would increase the lifespans of Russians.[29]

In 2006, Zhirinovsky's proposed solution to deal with the global spread of H5N1 (also known as "bird flu") was to, "shoot all the birds" migrating into Russia.[31][32]

In the 2010s, Zhirinovsky recommended that ways the general public could improve their health included abstaining from alcohol and tobacco, eating less meat, and having less sex.[33]

In his 2018 campaign, Zhirinovsky proposed banning the import of genetically modified organisms, which he blamed for health maladies and disease.[16]

Immigration

In his 2008 campaign, Zhirinovsky spoke of locking down and closing all of Russia's borders immediately after the election. Zhirinovsky declared, "If you think that these are the actions of a police state, well, be my guest. I promise that I will take these actions."[7]

In 2013, Zhirinovsky recommended for all illegal immigrants to leave Russia within a three-year timeframe.[9]

In September 2016 he proposed building a border wall and banning Muslims from entering Russia.[8][34]

Law enforcement

The LDPR's platform has proclaimed the primacy of law.[2]

During his 1991 presidential campaign Zhirinovsky vowed to adopt effective legislation to defend citizens from the criminal elements.[2] Zhirinovsky vowed to abolish the so-called "war of laws" in which local authorities were passing laws conflicting with those adopted by the central government in Moscow, and vice versa.[2] He akai promised to ruthlessly punish crime, including through on-the-spot executions without trial or investigation (summary executions).[14]

In the mid-1990s, LDPR sought to launch a dedicated war on crime, targeting all of the several-thousand known gangs in Russia.[2] He proposed creating martial law courts that would carry out summary executions.[35][4] During the 1993 legislative elections, Zhirinovsky claimed that Russia would see a major increase in national revenues as a result of his proposals to eliminate crime.[23][24]

In his 2018 campaign, Zhirinovsky proposed establishing martial law courts across the whole country, similar to what Pyotr Stolypin did when he was Prime Minister of Russia.[16] He also proposed implementing a general amnesty and humanizing the Criminal Code. He proposed that prisons should only be populated by murderers, robbers, drug dealers, big scammers and thieves.[16]

Despite his tough-on-crime stance, Zhirinovsky and his son Igor Lebedev have been accused of selling LDPR seats in the Duma to shady businesspeople in a ploy to help shield the businessmen from criminal prosecution via parliamentary immunity.[7]

Media censorship

In a 1994 interview with the Washington Post, Zhirinovsky threatened to prosecute and imprison journalists who "interfere with my private life" and "inflict moral damage on me."[35]

Zhirinovsky has directly threatened harm to reporters who have asked him unflattering questions. For instance, on live television in April 2014 Zhirinovsky ordered his aides to rape a journalist who was six-months pregnant.[9][36][37][38][39][40]

In his 2018 campaign Zhirinovsky pledged that, if elected, he would restrict the amount of negative news coverage the media would be allowed to broadcast at a maximum of 10% of their total news coverage.[16] He would also issue a fine for every foreign word that the media uttered.[16]

Religious freedom

Despite being of Jewish heritage, Zhirinovsky has a history of adopting antisemitic stances.[41][9]

Zhirinovsky has proposed placing barbed wired fences along areas of southern Russia where significant muslim populations live and banning Muslims from entering Russia.[8][34]

Taxes and funding

Appealing towards ethnic resentments, in one of his televised monologues during his 1996 presidential campaign, Zhirinovsky pledged to end policies that were being carried out, "at the expense of the Russian people."[1] Zhirinovsky alleged that the ethnically-defined regions in the Russian Federation, such as the republics of Tartarstan, Yakutiya and the northern caucuses, paid less in taxes and yet received more money from the federal government than other regions did. Zhirinovsky said,

Today, we Russians live worse, are poorer, and we die sooner. We have fewer rights. The majority of children at train stations are–who? Russians. The majority of girls walking the streets in Europe are–who? Russians. The majority of dead soldiers are–who? Russians. The majority of scientists who have left–Russians. The majority of teachers and doctors who aren’t paid their salaries–just the same, it’s primarily in the Russian regions. It’s a war against the Russian people.[1]

Welfare

During the 1993 legislative election campaign, Zhirinovsky promised that he would provide cheaper vodka to men and better lingerie to women.[42]

In his 2018 campaign, Zhirinovsky supported increasing the government assistance provided to single mothers.[16]

Foreign policy

Zhirinovsky's 1991 presidential campaign program vowed to alter the direction of foreign policy in order to allow all necessary material resources to enter Russia and to guarantee the security of foreign investment.[2] Zhirinovksy also vowed to demand that foreign nations repay or refinance loans they received from both the Soviet authority and Russia.[2]

The Liberal Democratic Party's 1996 platform focused more extensively on foreign policy than the Communist Party's (and its candidate Zyuganov's) platform did.[10] Additionally, the Liberal Democratic Party's foreign policy stances were more extreme than those of the Communist Party.[10]

In a late-January 1996, speech Zhirinovsky delivered to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, France, Zhirinovsky derided the organization as being a "slime pond for defunct politicians entitled to free meals." He remarked that a rejection of Russia's then-pending membership application would drive Russian voters into his party's ranks.[43]

The LDPR sought to end all Russian economic aid to other countries.[2]

Zhirinovsky had spoken openly of expanding Russia's territory vastly, including to such lands as Alaska and Finland.[4][44][45] In the early 1990s, a frequent backdrop he used for speeches and press events was a map of Russia expanding east through Alaska and west through Finland.[14] Zhirinovsky has had a penchant for geopolitical domination. He believed that it was Russia's destiny to dominate the largely Muslim territories the lie between the former Soviet republics and the Indian Ocean.[35][9][46][21]

Zhirinovsky is a rather undiplomatic individual. He was once expelled from the country of Bulgaria for insulting their president.[21] Zhirinovsky has, however, forged relations with far-right and ultranationalist movements abroad, such as the National Revival of Poland, German People's Union, Jean-Marie Le Pen's French National Front.[21][7][47] Zhirinovsky was also friendly with foreign strongmen, such as Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein.[35][9][48][49][50]

In his 2018 campaign, Zhirinovsky expressed intentions to pursue an aggressive policy, but normalize relations with the West.[15]

Zhirinovsky has promised to return the Russia's borders to that of 1985 Soviet boundaries. During his 2018 campaign, he stated that he would accomplish this by demanding referendums in former Soviet republics.[15]

Baltic states

Zhirinovsky has expressed a strong desire for reuniting Russia with former Soviet states in the Baltics.[51]

In June 1991 Zhirinovsky expressed that he would be willing to allow Lithuania independence, but only because he believed that Lithuanians would quickly discover that, "nobody in Europe will buy Lithuanian cheese," thus Lithunians would not remain independent very long. He also stated that he would only allow an independent Lithuania that is, "a small independent state, an enclave."[52]

However, in August he expressed plans to annex Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and have them form a single gubernii of Russia.[14]

In October 1991, Zhirinivsky expressed a willingness to take far more extreme measures, threatening to burry nuclear waste along Russia's border with the Baltics, and blow radiation into the Baltics utilizing fans.[51][4][35][9][14] Zhirinovsky declared,

The Baltics are Russian land. I will destroy you. I will start burying nuclear waste in the border zone of Smolensk Oblast; the Semipalatinsk [nuclear testing grounds] will be transferred to your area. You Lithuanians will die of disease and radiation. I will remove the Russians and the Poles. I am God. I am a tyrant. There will be no Lithuanians, Latvians, or Estonians in the Baltics. I will act like Hitler in 1932 [sic][51]

In December 1993, Zhirinovsky stated that he believed that Estonia would be forced back into union with Russia by "economic means." He elaborated that, "If they don't behave, we'll switch off their lights."[53] In the same month, Zhirinovsky expressed a willingness to allow an independent Baltic state, but one that is, "reduced to the size of Liechtenstein".[54]

In January 1994, Le Monde published a Zhirinovsky-autographed map that showed the Estonian capital, Tallinn, and Lithuania's former capital of Kaunas, as free city-states, with the rest of the Baltics as a part of Russia.[51]

Around the time of his 2008 campaign Zhirinovsky encouraged ethnic Russians living in the Baltics to pursue separatist movements.[7]

In August 2014 Zhirinovsky threatened to carpet bomb the Baltics.[55]

Relations with Finland

Zhirinovsky has previously suggested that Russia should expand its territory by annexing Finland.[4] Particularly in the early 1990s, he frequently suggested that Finland (which had been a part of the Russian Empire prior to 1917) should be returned to Russian rule.[14]

In May 1991, during his first presidential campaign, he promised to return Finland to Russian control as soon as he was inaugurated. After he lost the election, he continued to use the slogan "a Russian Finland" at rallies.[14]

In May 1992 he declared to a Finnish reporter that he saw the future of Finland, "only as a component of a renewed powerful Russia."[14] In response to this, Finnish defense minister Elisabeth Rein responded to this by saying, "Zhirinovsky is regarded in Finland as being something of a harmless loudmouth, but that he is not. I see the national chauvinism stirred up by Zhirinovsky as a threat to Finland."[14]

Relations with France

In 1995 Zhirinovsky sent France a letter of congratulations about their nuclear tests.[29]

In February 2015 Zhrinovsky advocated burning down Paris.[56]

Relations with Germany

In his 1991 presidential campaign, Zhirinovsky promised that he would feed Russia within 72 hours of taking office by using military force to coerse Germany into supplying them with food, saying, "I'll bring troops into former East Germany —a million and a half people, they'll rattle their weapons, including nuclear ones, and everything will appear."[14]

In the early 1990s Zhirinovsky issued threats to nuke Germany.[35] In late 1993 he stated that he would nuke Germany if they ever interfered in Russian affairs.[14]

Zhirinovsky made comments stating that he preferred to see a Germany that was, "as small as Austria". These comments are believed to have spurred the dissolution of an allegiance that once existed between the LDPR and the far-right German People's Union.[7]

In February 2015 Zhirinovsky advocated the destruction of Germany.[56]

Relations with Iran

Zhirinovsky once proposed removing restrictions on arms sales to Iran.[57]

Relations with Israel

Zhirinovsky and the LDPR are immensely anti-zionist and frequently espouse antisemitic conspiracy theories about "zionist plots".[44]

Relations with Japan

In the early 1990s Zhirinovsky issued threats to nuke Japan.[35] In late 1993 he stated that he would nuke Japan if they ever interfered in Russian affairs.[14]

Zhirinovsky once proposed selling Russia's claim the disputed Kuril Islands to Japan for 50 billion USD.[57]

Relations with Poland

In August 2014 Zhirinovsky threatened to carpet bomb Poland.[55]

Relations with Turkey

Zhirinovsky once wrote that Russia should annex all Turkish countries because, the Russian soldier "must clean his boots in the Indian Ocean."[58]

By 2008 Zhirinovsky was supporting Russia's efforts to lure Turkey away from Western allegiances. Zhirinovsky advised the Turkish to, "Learn Russian, don't look to the West, look north. The EU doesn't want you, but we want you. We'll give you gas, you give us nuts!"[58] Deriding NATO (of which Turkey is a member) as an "imperialist club", Zhirinvosky urged Turkey to forget about Europe and construct an alliance with Russia.[58]

In November 2015, after an incident in which a Russian jet plane was shot down by a Turkish F-16 after an air-space violation, he stated in a speech to the Duma that Russia must detonate a nuclear bomb on the Bosphorus to create a 10 meters high tsunami wave that would wipe out at least 9 million Istanbul residents.[59]

Relations with Ukraine

In the 1990s Zhirinovsky rejected Ukrainian independence, believing Ukraine to be a part of the Russian state.[2]

Zhirinovsky strongly supported the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea.[60] When, in the wake of the 2014 Crimean crisis, franchises of the fast-food restaurant McDonald's were unable to continue because they had been cut off by their Ukrainian franchisor. Zhirinovsky suggested that McDonald's "should be evicted from Russia" for the affront.[61]

In July 2014, amidst an armed insurgency in Eastern Ukraine,[62] the Ukrainian Interior Ministry launched criminal proceedings against Zhirinovsky and Communist Party of the Russian Federation leader Gennady Zyuganov for "financing actions aimed at changing the boundaries of the territory and the state border of Ukraine".[63]

In May 2015 Zhirinovsky declared that former President of Georgia (and then-governor of Odessa, Ukraine) Mikheil Saakashvili, should be killed. "We will shoot all of your governors, starting with Saakashvili, then they'll be afraid. And there will be a different situation in Europe and Ukraine. ... Let's aim at Berlin, Brussels, London, and Washington." He then said Ukrainian political prisoner Nadiya Savchenko should be shot and hanged in Belgrade.[64]

In July 2017 Zhirinovsky remarked that “the final result” to unrest in Ukraine would be that that the country would be divided after many rounds of negotiations. He remarked that the, “south-eastern Ukraine and the Russian population will go to Russia, but the north-west will become a nationalist state of seven to eight million people … will become a member of NATO and the European Union.”[65]

In February 2018 Zhirinovsky proposed deploying a nuclear bomb in Ukraine in order to kill Petro Poroshenko remarking that Russia should drop, "a tiny bomb. Not a big Hiroshima, but a small one. Right there where the residence of Ukrainian President Poroshenko is."[66]

Relations with the United Kingdom

Zhirinovsky has stated that the United Kingdom has been Russia's, "worst enemy of the last few centuries," while adding that, "in the 20th century the USA took Britain's place".[27]

Around the time of his 2008 campaign, Zhirinovsky suggested dropping nukes into the Atlantic in order to cause a tsunami that would floor Great Britain.[7] Around the same time, Zhirinovsky organized an anti-British rally outside of the Embassy of the United Kingdom in Moscow.[7]

Relations with the United States

Zhirnovsky has held a very hostile stance towards America, blaming it for all of the world's war and disease, particularly AIDS.[2]

In 1991 he threatened to, if the United States would not stop supporting seperatist movements in the Soviet Union, establish an independent state within United States territory populated exclusively by African Americans.[14]

Zhirinovsky regarded American president Bill Clinton to be a weak president.[2] Zhirinovsky was bitter that Clinton failed to meet with him during his trip to Moscow in early 1994. However, Zhirinovsky had also suggested that he would be able to get along well with Clinton if they met. Zhirinovsky made the obscene suggestion that he would take the American president to one of Russia's brothels and make him forget all about his wife Hillary.[2]

In his 1996 campaign, Zhirinovsky's broader foreign policy objectives would require the United States' position in the world to be undermined in order to restructure the existing world order.[44]

Zhirinovsky and his party opposed the START II treaty, claiming that it made Russian a secondary state. According to Zhirinovsky, his party only supported agreements, "that do not humiliate, insult, or limit Russia as a great nation."[43]

Zhirinovsky believed that there was far too much American culture on Russian television, particularly violent programming and advertising.[2]

In the 1990s, Zhirinovsky intended to negotiate an arrangement to purchase Alaska back from the United States.[2] He has continued to encourage Russia to take back Alaska.[8]

In 2002 Zhirinovsky made an, evidently drunken, speech against America's war in Iraq (a country led by Zhirinovsky's personal ally Sudam Hussein) in which he issued particularly harsh and profain suggestions about the United States and its leaders.[31] He referred to the counrry as a “second-hand goods store” filled with “cocksuckers, handjobbers, and faggots.”[31] He issued an outlandish threat, declaring that he would alter the gravitational field of the Earth in order to sink the entirety of the United States into the oceans.[31] Zhirinovsky proclaimed that American president George W. Bush (son of former president George H. W. Bush) had "daddy issues" and was an ignoramous who could not count or say much.[31] He issued horrendously racist and sexist statements about then-National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice saying,

She is a black whore who needs a good cock. Send her here, one of our divisions will make her happy in the barracks one night. She will choke on Russian sperm as it will be leaking out of her ears... until she crawls to the US embassy in Moscow on her knees.[31]

In 2006, he again disparaged Condoleezza Rice (by then America's Secretary of State) by issuing sexist and agist remarks saying,

Condoleezza Rice released a coarse anti-Russian statement. This is because she is a single woman who has no children. She loses her reason because of her late single status…If she has no man by her side at her age, he will never appear. Even if she had a whole selection of men to choose from she would stay single because her soul and heart have hardened… Condoleezza Rice needs a company of soldiers. She needs to be taken to barracks where she would be satisfied. On the other hand, she can hardly be satisfied because of her age.[31]

Zhirinovsky thought poorly of Bush's successor Barack Obama. Zhirinovsky was known to have told obscene jokes and made derisive remarks about Obama.[67] Zhirinovsky condemned the 2012 reelection of Obama, saying that it signaled the beginning of a, "slow self-isolation," for the United States and that indicated that the United States would be, "doomed to stagnation".[68] In early 2014, Zhirinovsky suggested that Obama should divorce his wife Michelle so that he could become a more effective leader, arguing that national leaders should be celibate and focus only on their job.[33] However, later that year, Zhirinovsky expressed admiration for Michelle Obama's focus on improving the nutrition in the lunches provided to students at American schools, and even expressed his interest in having a dialogue with Michelle Obama about the subject of school lunches and childhood nutrition.[33] In 2014, he also argued that Barack Obama should be stripped of his Nobel Peace Prize.[69] That same year he also threatened to attack Washington, D.C..[34]

During the 2016 US presidential election, Zhirinovsky actively supported then-candidate Donald Trump. Trump was running against, and ultimately defeated Hillary Clinton, wide of former president Bill Clinton. Zhirinovsky had voiced his personal distain for both Clintons since the early 1990s.[2] Zhirinovsky's support of Trump was due to the fact that, in Russia, Trump was often compared with Zhirinovsky, mainly because of the similarity of their style of performance. Zhirinovsky said that he hoped to improve relations between the US and Russia if Trump became President. Zhirinovsky promised that, in the case of a Trump victory, he would drink champagne for him. After the victory of Donald Trump in the election, the Liberal Democratic Party organized a celebratory banquet for 100 thousand rubles (US$1.5 thousand).[70][71] However, after the US missile strike on Syria in April 2017, Zhirinovsky said that Trump's foreign policy does not match the one for which his voters voted and that he will drink champagne for his impeachment.[72][73]

In his 2018 campaign, Zhirinovsky promised that would be able to normalize relations with the United States.[15]

Trade

During the 1993 legislative elections Zhirinovsky proposed ceasing assistance to other countries in order to invest more funds in improving Russia's domestic problems. He also advocated increasing arms sales abroad in order to raise Russia's national revenue.[23]

In his 2012 presidential campaign Zhirinovsky proposed implementing agricultural import and export bans.[4]

In his 2018 campaign he argued that all of Russian citizens should have access to its gas before any of it is shipped abroad.[16]

Military policy

Zhirinovsky had long been an ardent backer of Russia's military-industrial complex.[23] Since its founding, LDPR sought to enact a military policy that would fund a strong military force.[44][29] The party sought to an end to the conversion of military industry to civilian uses.[2] It also sought sought to transition the nation's military into a fully professional force by ending conscription.[44]

In the late 1980s Zhirinovsky spoke at rallies, delivering speeches urging a withdrawl from the Soviet–Afghan War. He criticized Gorbachev, who he had previously been praiseful of.[14]

During his 1991 presidential campaign he vowed to prevent the disintigration of the Soviet army.[14]

In his 1991 presidential campaign Zhirinovsky vowed to gradually eliminate the policy of conscription, transitioning Russia's military into an entirely professional force.[2] He also pledged, "If I win, I will raise the monitary compensation for an officer to four thousand rubles." He vowed to fund this by selling arms to other nations and by using the hard currency which Soviet military people received for serving in the United Nations' troops.[14]

In his 1991 campaign he additionally promised to provide land to returning troops.[14]

In the 1990s the LDPR voiced its intent to avoid using the Russian military to solve the problems of other nations, arguing that this lowers the prestige of the military.[44]

In the 1990s Zhirnonvsky planned to use the military as a tool to unify the nation and strengthen the power of the LDPR, and intended to bridge the divide between the civilian and military populations by uniting both around a common "foreign enemy", such as the United States or "zionist" ideology.[44]

Zhirinovsky has had a tendency to make inflammatory and frightening statements about military hostility and aggression.[2][3][74][75][76][77] Many have regarded Zhirinivosky's attitude towards war to be frighteningly cavalier.[2]

During the 1990s Zhirinovsky supported military action in Chechnya.[50] In fact, in his speech at the 1996 LDPR congress, Zhirinovsky went as far as to argue that Russia should drop napalm on Chechnya.[78]

References

  1. 1 2 3 desmoinesdem (June 16, 2016). "Throwback Thursday: Best and worst 1996 Russian presidential election ads". www.bleedingheartland.com. Bleeding Heartland. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Kartsev, Vladimir; Bludeau, Todd (1995). !Zhirinovsky!. New York: Columbia University Press.
  3. 1 2 Morrison, James W. (August 30, 2004). Vladimir Zhirinovsky: An Assessment Of A Russian Ultra-nationalist. Institute for National Strategic Studies.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Collins, Cheryl (2009). "Vladimir Zhirinovsky". www.britannica.com. Britannica. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  5. ↑ O'Connor, Eileen (May 16, 1996). "Western-style ad blitz kicks off Russian campaign season". www.cnn.com. CNN. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  6. ↑ Umland, Andrea (2006). "Zhirinovsky in the First Russian Republic: A Chronology of Events 1991–1993". Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 19 (2): 193–241. doi:10.1080/13518040600697761. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
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  8. 1 2 3 4 "Zhirinovsky Registers For His Fifth Russian Presidential Election". www.rferl.org. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. December 29, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
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  52. ↑ Leningradskaya pravda," 25 June 1991
  53. ↑ "La Stampa," 16 December 1993
  54. ↑ "Frankfurter Allgemeine," 16 December 1993
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  70. ↑ Donald Trump "America's Zhirinovsky"? - See what Zhirinovsky says about this comparison
  71. ↑ Жириновский: пусть бабушка Хиллари отдыхает
  72. ↑ Жириновский заявил, что выпьет шампанское за импичмент Трампа
  73. ↑ Жириновский разочаровался в Трампе, приготовившись пить шампанское за его импичмент
  74. ↑ Moscow Izvestia, January 21, 1994 pages 1-2
  75. ↑ Moscow Izvestia January 24, 1994 pages 31-33
  76. ↑ Interview by David Frost of CNN with Zhirnovsky March 25, 1994
  77. ↑ Washington Times, December 14, 1993 A14
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