Philippine House of Representatives elections, 2019

Philippine House of Representatives elections, 2019
May 13, 2019
All 303 seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines.
151 seats needed for a majority

 
Leader To be determined To be determined Arnulfo Fuentebella
Party PDP-Laban Liberal NPC
Leader's seat Camarines Sur–4th
Last election 3 seats, 1.90% 115 seats, 41.72% 42 seats, 17.04%
Current seats 115 46 29
Seats needed Increase 36 Increase 105 Increase 122
 
Leader Fredenil Castro Pia Cayetano Danilo Suarez
Party NUP Nacionalista Lakas
Leader's seat Capiz–2nd Taguig–2nd Quezon–3rd
Last election 23 seats, 9.67% 24 seats, 9.42% 4 seats, 1.54%
Current seats 17 17 3
Seats needed Increase 134 Increase 134 Increase 148
Congressional districts, as currently constituted and with Metro Manila at the inset, to be contested during the election. The boxes to the right represent party-list seats. Dark gray denote redistricted seats, and new party-list seats.
Incumbent Speaker

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
PDP-Laban

The 2019 elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines will be the 35th lower house elections in the Philippines, and will be held on May 13, 2019. All seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines will be contested. The winners will serve in the 18th Congress of the Philippines from June 30, 2019 to June 30, 2022.

Each voter has two votes: one for the voter's one of 234 congressional districts, and one for the party-list election. In the district elections, campaigning is decidedly local. While candidates may represent a political party, the parties themselves make no attempt to make a national campaign. Party-list elections are national in scope, where parties represent different socio-cultural and demographic groups. The two groups of congressmen are in a 5:1 ratio.

Elections at the districts are via the first past the post system, while the party-list system is in a modified Hare quota with a 2% election threshold, where the party with the most votes gets at 3 seats, the other parties with at least 2% of the vote get 2 seats, and other parties with less than 2% of the vote get a seat each until all party-list seats are filled up.

Candidates are expected to be either for or against President Rodrigo Duterte. As the Philippines has a multi-party system, those who are for (or against) Duterte may find themselves against running each other. Other districts that may be seen as safe seats may see a candidate elected unopposed. Several seats have not been apportioned since 1907, gerrymandering on some newly-apportioned seats and entrenchment of political dynasties make competitive races in so-called swing seats be rare. Duterte's PDP-Laban is expected to win close to majority of the district seats due to padrino system where the party of the president always controls the House of Representatives. The Liberal Party is expected to the leading party to oppose PDP-Laban.

Electoral system

The Philippines uses parallel voting in its lower house elections. There are currently 297 seats in the House; 238 of these are district representatives, and 59 are party-list representatives. The law mandates that there should be 1 party-list representative for every 4 district representatives. District representatives are elected under the plurality voting system from single-member districts. Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% "soft" election threshold, with a 3-seat cap. The party in the party-list election with the most number of votes usually wins 3 seats, the other parties with more than 2% of the vote 2 seats, and the parties with less than 2% of the vote winning a seat each if the 20% quota isn't met.

Campaigning for elections from congressional districts seats are decidedly local; the candidates are most likely a part of an election slate that includes candidates for other positions in the locality, and slates may comprise different parties. The political parties contesting the election make no attempt to make a national campaign.

Party-list campaigning is done on the other hand, is done on a national scale. Parties attempt to appeal to a specific demographic (such as local indigenous groups, leftists, women, laborers, etc.). Polling is usually conducted for the party-list election, while pollsters may release polls on specific district races. In the district elections, pollsters do not attempt to make forecasts on how many votes a party would get, nor the number of seats a party would win; they do attempt to do that in party-list elections, though.

Participating parties

Contesting district elections

PartyLeaderHouse leaderSupport of Duterte's policiesTotal seatsCurrent bloc
PDP-LabanPresident Rodrigo DuterteSpeaker Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (Pampanga)Very supportive.114Majority except for 1 with the minority.
LiberalVice President Leni RobredoTeddy Baguilat (Ifugao)Generally opposed46Split; mostly in the minority, 5 with the independent minority.
NPCDanding CojuangcoArnulfo Fuentebella (Camarines Sur)Generally supportive29Majority.
NUPAlbert GarciaDeputy Speaker Fredenil Castro (Capiz)Generally supportive17Majority.
NacionalistaManny VillarDeputy Speaker Pia Cayetano (Taguig)Supportive17Majority except for 1 with the minority.
LakasBong RevillaMinority Leader Danilo Suarez (Quezon)Nominally opposed3Split; 2 with the majority, 1 with the minority.
UNAJejomar BinayLuis Campos (Makati)Generally supportive2Split; 1 with the majority, 1 with the minority.

The seats held by each party is expected to change by the time candidacies are declared in late 2018.

Contesting via the party-list system

The parties under the Makabayan bloc were formerly supportive of Duterte's policies, until Duterte suspended peace talks with the Communist Party of the Philippines. Akbayan is seen as opposed to Duterte's policies. Other parties are generally supportive of Duterte's policies.

District changes

Reapportioning (redistricting) the number of seats is either via national reapportionment after the release of every census, or via piecemeal redistricting for every province or city. National reapportionment has not happened since the 1987 constitution took effect, and aside from piecemeal redistricting, the apportionment was based on the ordinance from the constitution, which was in turn based from the 1980 census.

These are House (HB)[1] and Senate (SB) [2] Bills that pertains to redistricting. Successful reapportionments that were passed into law are highlighted.

Bill No.District(s)CurrentProposedNotesStatusCurrent representative
HB 93Maguindanao–1st12Separation of Cotabato City to become a lone district.Pending at the committee level. Bai Sandra SemaPDP-Laban
HB 147Bacolod12Bacolod to be split into two districts.Pending at the committee level. Greg GasatayaPDP-Laban
HB 514Surigao del Norte–2nd12Surigao del Norte–2nd to be split into two districts.Pending at the committee level. Robert Ace BarbersPDP-Laban
HB 990Laguna–2nd56Separation of Calamba, Laguna to become a lone district.Signed into law - RA 11078. Jun Chipeco, Jr.Liberal
HB 1219, 5585Iloilo City12Iloilo City to be split into two districts.Approved on third reading; transmitted to the Senate. Jerry TreñasPDP-Laban
HB 1913Nueva Ecija–2nd12Nueva Ecija–2nd to be split into two districts.Pending at the committee level. Micaela ViolagoPDP-Laban
HB 2341, 5367Cavite78Reapportioning of Cavite's 6th and 7th districts from two districts to three.Signed into law - RA 11069[3] Various
HB 2528, 6631Southern Leyte12Southern Leyte to be split into two districts.Passed by the Senate with amendments. Roger MercadoLiberal
HB 3431San Jose del Monte12San Jose del Monte to be split into two districts.Pending at the committee level. Florida RobesArangkada San Joseño
HB 4072Quezon47Reapportioning of Quezon's districts from four districts to seven.Pending at the committee level. Various
HB 4523Cebu–6th12Separation of a Mandaue to become a lone district.Pending at the committee level. Jonas CortesPDP-Laban
HB 4670, 7522Aklan12Aklan to be split into two districts.Signed into law - RA 11077. Carlito MarquezPDP-Laban
HB 4678, 5162South Cotabato–1st12Separation of a General Santos to become a lone district.Passed by the Senate with amendments. Pedro Acharon, Jr.NPC
HB 4692, 7778Isabela46Reapportioning of Isabela's districts from four districts to six.Signed into law - RA 11080. Various
HB 5040Zamboanga del Norte–3rd11Separation of a part of Zamboanga del Norte–3rd to become a province of Zamboanga Hermosa.Pending at the committee level. Isagani AmatongLiberal
HB 5186Maguindanao23Reapportioning of Maguindanao's districts from two districts to three.Pending at the committee level. Various
HB 6746Caloocan–1st12Caloocan–1st to be split into two districts.Pending at the committee level. Dale MalapitanPDP-Laban
HB 6895Bulacan–1st12Separation of Malolos City to become a lone district.Pending at the committee level. Jose Antonio Sy-AlvaradoLiberal
HB 7413Palawan–2nd13Separation of a part of Palawan's 2nd district to divide the province of Palawan into three separate provinces.Pending at the committee level. Various
HB 7999Bohol35Reapportioning of Bohol's districts from three districts to five.Pending at the committee level. Erico Aristotle AumentadoNPC
SB 1368Iloilo City12Iloilo City to be split into two districts.Pending at the committee level. Jerry TreñasPDP-Laban
SB 1487South Cotabato–1st12Separation of General Santos to become a lone district.Pending at the committee level. Pedro Acharon, Jr.NPC
Approved districts5Potential new districts27

Five new district seats were created: Two in Isabela where the entire province was redistricted from four districts to six, and one each in Cavite, where the sixth and seventh districts were redistricted into three, Aklan, which was split into two districts, and Laguna, where Calamba was separated from the 2nd district.

As there are now 243 districts, this meant there should 60 party-list seats (at least 20% of the total), an increase from 58. The 18th Congress shall then have 303 representatives.

Retiring and term-limited incumbents

Term limited

These representatives are term-limited, and are not allowed to run in 2019:

Retiring

These congressmen are not term limited, but won't run:

  • Lito Atienza (Buhay Hayaan Yumabong, party-list)
    Atienza said that if he doesn't see any significant change under Mayor Joseph Estrada, he will run for Mayor of Manila.[12]
  • Ferjenel Biron (National Unity Party, Iloilo-4th)
    Brion announced in May 2018 that he will run for Governor of Iloilo.[13]
  • Juan Pablo Bondoc (PDP-Laban, Pampanga–4th)
    Bondoc will most likely run for Governor of Pampanga, according to the Central Luzon PDP-Laban chairman.[14]
  • Pia Cayetano, (Nacionalista, Taguig–2nd)
    Senator Cynthia Villar that Cayetano will be included in the Nacionalista Party senatorial line-up.[15]
  • Vincent Crisologo (PDP-Laban, Quezon City–1st)
    Crisologo announced in February 2018 his run for Mayor of Quezon City.[16]
  • Gwendolyn Garcia (PDP-Laban, Cebu–3rd)
    In May 2018, Garcia reportedly announced her intentions to run for Governor of Cebu in a private meeting.[17]
  • Danilo Suarez (Lakas, Quezon-3rd)
    Suarez will most likely run for Governor of Quezon, replacing his son Jayjay, who is term-limited himself.[18]

Vacancies

These congressmen left office before their terms expired, and were not replaced. For district representatives, as the 17th Congress has not called for special elections, these seats remain vacant until the sine die adjournment. For party-list representatives, the next person on the list would assume office. In both instances this happened, the next person on the list replaced the person who resigned.

Marginal seats

These are the marginal seats that had a winning margin of 5% or less, in ascending order.

Results

Per district

 Summary of the May 13, 2019 Philippine House of Representatives election results for representatives from congressional districts
Party/coalitionSeats up
PDP-Laban (Philippine Democratic Party–People's Power)114
Liberal (Liberal Party)46
NPC (Nationalist People's Coalition)29
Nacionalista (Nationalist Party)17
NUP (National Unity Party)17
Lakas (People Power–Christian Muslim Democrats)3
UNA (United Nationalist Alliance)2
LDP (Struggle of Democratic Filipinos)1
Local parties3
Independent1
Vacant5
New districts5
Total243

References

  1. ↑ "HOUSE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS". congress.gov.ph. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  2. ↑ "SENATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS". senate.gov.ph. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  3. ↑ Placido, Dharel. "Duterte signs law dividing Cavite into 8 legislative districts". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 2018-09-20.
  4. ↑ "Richard's sis not running for guv". Panay News. 17 April 2017.
  5. ↑ Cepeda, Mara. "Sonny Belmonte will stick with LP, says daughter Joy". Rappler. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  6. 1 2 "Relampagos welcomes Yap's support, claims uncertainty in 2019 candidacy". The Bohol Chronicle | Latest News from Tagbilaran City and Around Bohol, Philippines. 29 January 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  7. ↑ Ellera, Teresa D. (3 August 2017). "Kabankalan mayor to retire from politics". Sunstar. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  8. 1 2 Terrazola, Vanne Elaine. "PDP-Laban lines up 8 candidates in 2019 senatorial race". Manila Bulletin (2018-09–01). Retrieved 1 September 2018.
  9. ↑ Nonato, Vince F. "Fariñas on 2019 plans: Can I just retire instead?". Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  10. ↑ Cabato, Regine (2019-08-29). "Arroyo: Nothing can stop me from retiring next year". CNN Philippines. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
  11. ↑ "Treñas declares to run for mayor of Iloilo City in 2019 | Iloilo Metropolitan Times". www.iloilometropolitantimes.com. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  12. ↑ "Atienza says he may run again for Manila mayor in 2019". GMA News Online. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  13. ↑ "Biron to run for governor of Iloilo | Iloilo Metropolitan Times". www.iloilometropolitantimes.com. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  14. ↑ "Bondoc likely bet for guv in 2019". Sunstar. 15 November 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  15. ↑ "Villar says Imee Marcos, Pia Cayetano to run for Senate in 2019". GMA News Online. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  16. ↑ "Crisologo, Belmonte to fight for QC mayor". Manila Standard. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  17. ↑ "Gwen tells allies anew she will run for governor in 2019". Cebu Daily News. 2018-06-16. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  18. ↑ Estrellado, Nimfa L. "House Minority leader Rep. Suarez: "It's not political dynasty but destiny". www.sentineltimesweekly.com. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  19. ↑ "Tupay Loong". 2016.mb.com. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
  20. ↑ Cayabyab, Marc Jayson (August 2, 2016). "Villar resigns as Las Piñas rep, takes on DPWH post". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
  21. ↑ "Basilan congresswoman Jum Jainudin Akbar dies". Rappler. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  22. ↑ Cabreza, Vincent (June 3, 2017). "Mt. Province lawmaker dies of kidney failure". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 3, 2017.
  23. ↑ "Batanes Rep. Dina Abad succumbs to cancer". News5. 9 October 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
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