Next Japanese general election

Next Japanese general election
On or before 22 October 2021
All 465 seats to the House of Representatives of Japan
233 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls

 
Leader Shinzō Abe Yukio Edano Yuichiro Tamaki
Party Liberal Democratic Constitutional Democratic Democratic for the People
Leader since 26 September 2012 2 October 2017 7 May 2018
Leader's seat Yamaguchi-4th Saitama-5th Kagawa-2nd
Last election 284 seats, 33.28% 55 seats, 19.88% New party[lower-alpha 1]
Current seats 284 57 39
Seats needed Steady Increase177 Increase194
 
Leader Natsuo Yamaguchi Kazuo Shii Ichirō Matsui
Party Komeito Communist Ishin
Leader since 8 September 2009 24 November 2000 2 November 2015
Leader's seat Not contesting
(Councillor)		 Minami-Kantō PR Not contesting
(Governor of Osaka)
Last election 29 seats, 12.51% 12 seats, 7.90% 11 seats, 6.07%
Current seats 29 12 11
Seats needed Increase204 Increase221 N/A[lower-alpha 2]
 
Leader Seiji Mataichi Ichirō Ozawa Shigefumi Matsuzawa
Party Social Democratic Liberal Kibō
Leader since 25 February 2018 25 January 2013 7 May 2018
Leader's seat Not contesting
(Councillor)		 Iwate-3rd Not contesting
(Councillor)
Last election 2 seats, 1.69% Did not contest New party[lower-alpha 3]
Current seats 2 2[lower-alpha 4] 2
Seats needed Increase231 Increase231 Increase231
Incumbent Prime Minister

Shinzō Abe
Liberal Democratic

The 49th general election of members of the House of Representatives (Japanese: 第49回衆議院議員総選挙, Hepburn: dai-yonjūkyūkai Shūgiin giin sōsenkyo) is scheduled on or before 22 October 2021, as required by the Constitution of Japan. Voting will take place in all Representatives constituencies of Japan including proportional blocks, in order to appoint Members of Diet to seats in the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. As the cabinet has to resign after a general House of Representatives election in the first post-election Diet session (Constitution, Article 70), the lower house election will also lead to a new designation election of the Prime Minister in the Diet, and the appointment of a new cabinet (even if the same ministers are re-appointed).

Election date

Under the post-occupation interpretation of Article 7 of the Constitution, the cabinet may instruct the Emperor to dissolve the House of Representatives before the end of term at will. Elections must be held within 40 days after dissolution.

The only time in postwar history that the House of Representatives was not dissolved before the end of its term was in 1976. If the House of Representatives completes a full four-year term, the election must be held within 30 days before that.[1]

Current composition

Composition of the House of Representatives of Japan (as of 25 September 2018)[2]
"In-house groups"
(+breakdown by party[3])		 Representatives
Liberal Democratic Party (Jiyūminshutō) 283
The Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (Rikken-minshutō・Shimin Kurabu)
(CDP: 55, independent: 2)		 57
  The Democratic Party for the People (Kokumin-minshutō・Mushozoku Kurabu) 38
Kōmeitō 29
  The Group of Independents (Mushozoku no Kai) 13
Japanese Communist Party (Nihon Kyōsantō) 12
Nippon Ishin no Kai 11
Social Democratic Party (Shakaiminshutō・Shimin Rengō) 2
  The Party of Hope (Kibō no Tō) 2
Independents
(Speaker [LDP]: 1, Vice-Speaker [CDP]: 1, CDP: 1, Liberal Party: 1, independent: 13)		 17
Total 464
Vacant: Okinawa 3 (by-election not expected before April 2019 due to pending Supreme Court ruling on constitutionality of 2017 general election)[4] 1

Opinion polls

Notes

  1. ↑ Democratic Party merged with Kibō no Tō in May 2018, forming the Democratic Party for the People.
  2. ↑ The party only runs candidates in Osaka Prefecture, and as such is unable to obtain enough seats for a majority alone.
  3. ↑ After the DPFP merger, Kibō was re-established in a new form.
  4. ↑ Members of the Liberal Party in the House of Representatives ran as independents in the 2017 election.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "公職選挙法".
  2. ↑ House of Representatives: Strength of the In-House Groups in the House of Representatives (Japanese original which also contains lists of individual members for each group)
  3. ↑ from ja:衆議院#院内勢力 in the Japanese Wikipedia
  4. ↑ Mainichi Shimbun, September 14, 2018: 衆院選 沖縄３区補選は行わず　「１票の格差」訴訟により
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