List of Vice Presidents of the United States

There have been 48 Vice Presidents of the United States since the office came into existence in 1789. Originally, the Vice President was the person who received the second most votes for President of the United States in the Electoral College. However, in the election of 1800, a tie in the electoral college between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr led to the selection of the President by the House of Representatives. To prevent such an event from happening again, the Twelfth Amendment was added to the Constitution, creating the current system where electors cast a separate ballot for the vice presidency.[1]

The Vice President is the first person in the presidential line of succession, and assumes that office if the President dies, resigns, or is impeached and removed from office.[2] Nine vice presidents have ascended to the presidency in this way: eight (John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Andrew Johnson, Chester A. Arthur, Theodore Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge, Harry S. Truman and Lyndon B. Johnson) through the president's death, and one (Gerald Ford) through the president's resignation. In addition, the Vice President serves as the President of the Senate and may choose to cast a tie-breaking vote on decisions made by the Senate. U.S. Vice Presidents have exercised this latter power to varying extents over the years.[1]

Prior to adoption of the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967, an intra-term vacancy in the office of the Vice President could not be filled until the next post-election inauguration. Several such vacancies occurred—seven vice presidents died, one resigned, and eight succeeded to the presidency. This amendment allowed for a vacancy to be filled through appointment by the President and confirmation by both chambers of the U.S. Congress. Since its ratification, the vice presidency has been vacant twice (both in the context of scandals surrounding the Nixon Administration), and was filled both times through this process: in 1973, following Spiro Agnew's resignation, and again in 1974, after Gerald Ford succeeded to the presidency.[1] The amendment also established a procedure whereby a Vice President may, if the president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of the office, temporarily assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President. George H. W. Bush did so once, on July 13, 1985. Dick Cheney did so twice, on June 29, 2002, and on July 21, 2007.

The persons who have served as vice president were born in or primarily affiliated with 27 states plus the District of Columbia. New York has produced the most of any state, as eight have been born there, and three others considered it their home state. Most U.S. Vice Presidents have been in their 50s or 60s and had political experience prior to assuming the office.[1] The youngest person to become Vice President was John C. Breckinridge at 36 years of age, while the oldest was Alben W. Barkley at 71 years of age. Two U.S. Vice Presidents—George Clinton and John C. Calhoun—served under more than one President.

List

  Pro-Administration (1)    Federalist (1)    Democratic-Republican (6)    Nullifier (1)    Democratic (17)    Whig (2)    Republican (21)    National Union (1)
Vice presidency Vice President[lower-alpha 1] Prior office[lower-alpha 2] Party Election President
1 April 21, 1789[lower-alpha 3]
–
March 4, 1797		 John Adams
1735–1826
(Lived: 90 years)
[3][4][5]		 United States Minister
to the
Court of St. James's
(1785–1788)		   Pro-
Admin.[lower-alpha 4]		 1
(1788–89)		 George Washington[lower-alpha 5]
Federalist 2
(1792)
2 March 4, 1797
–
March 4, 1801		 Thomas Jefferson
1743–1826
(Lived: 83 years)
[6][7][8]		 1st
United States Secretary of State
(1790–1793)		 Democratic-
Republican		 3
(1796)		 John Adams[lower-alpha 6]
3 March 4, 1801
–
March 4, 1805		 Aaron Burr
1756–1836
(Lived: 80 years)
[9]		 Member of the New York State Assembly
(1784–1785 & 1798–1799)		 Democratic-
Republican		 4
(1800)		 Thomas Jefferson
4 March 4, 1805
–
April 20, 1812
(Died in office)		 George Clinton
1739–1812
(Lived: 72 years)
[10]		 1st
Governor of New York
(1777–1795 & 1801–1804)		 Democratic-
Republican		 5
(1804)
6
(1808)		 James Madison
Office vacant April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813[lower-alpha 7]
5 March 4, 1813
–
November 23, 1814
(Died in office)		 Elbridge Gerry
1744–1814
(Lived: 70 years)
[11]		 9th
Governor of Massachusetts
(1810–1812)		 Democratic-
Republican		 7
(1812)
Office vacant November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817[lower-alpha 7]
6 March 4, 1817
–
March 4, 1825
 Daniel D. Tompkins
1774–1825
(Lived: 50 years)
[12]		 4th
Governor of New York
(1807–1817)		 Democratic-
Republican		 8
(1816)		 James Monroe
9
(1820)
7 March 4, 1825
–
December 28, 1832
(Resigned from office)		 John C. Calhoun
1782–1850
(Lived: 68 years)
[13]		 10th
United States Secretary of War
(1817–1825)		 Democratic-
Republican		 10
(1824)		 John Q. Adams
Nullifier[lower-alpha 8]
Democratic		 11
(1828)		 Andrew Jackson[lower-alpha 9]
Office vacant December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833[lower-alpha 7]
8 March 4, 1833
–
March 4, 1837		 Martin Van Buren
1782–1862
(Lived: 79 years)
[14][15][16]		 United States Minister
to the
Court of St. James's
(1831–1832)		 Democratic 12
(1832)
9 March 4, 1837
–
March 4, 1841		 Richard M. Johnson
1780–1850
(Lived: 70 years)
[17]		 U.S. Representative for Kentucky's 13th district
(1833–1837)		 Democratic 13
(1836)		 Martin Van Buren
10 March 4, 1841
–
April 4, 1841
(Became President)		 John Tyler
1790–1862
(Lived: 71 years)
[18][19][20]		 U.S. Senator from Virginia
(1827–1836)		 Whig 14
(1840)		 William H. Harrison
(Died in office)
Office vacant April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845[lower-alpha 7] John Tyler
11 March 4, 1845
–
March 4, 1849		 George M. Dallas
1792–1864
(Lived: 72 years)
[21]		 United States Minister to Russia
(1837–1839)		 Democratic 15
(1844)		 James K. Polk
12 March 4, 1849
–
July 9, 1850
(Became President)		 Millard Fillmore
1800–1874
(Lived: 74 years)
[22][23][24]		 14th
New York State Comptroller
(1848–1849)		 Whig 16
(1848)		 Zachary Taylor
(Died in office)
Office vacant July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853[lower-alpha 7] Millard Fillmore
13 March 4, 1853[lower-alpha 10]
–
April 18, 1853
(Died in office)		 William R. King
1786–1853
(Lived: 67 years)
[25]		 U.S. Senator from Alabama
(1819–1844 & 1848–1852)
President pro tempore
(1850–1852)		 Democratic 17
(1852)		 Franklin Pierce
Office vacant April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857[lower-alpha 7]
14 March 4, 1857
–
March 4, 1861		 John C. Breckinridge
1821–1875
(Lived: 54 years)
[26]		 U.S. Representative for Kentucky's 8th district
(1851–1855)		 Democratic 18
(1856)		 James Buchanan
15 March 4, 1861
–
March 4, 1865		 Hannibal Hamlin
1809–1891
(Lived: 81 years)
[27]		 U.S. Senator from Maine
(1848–1857 & 1857–1861)		 Republican 19
(1860)		 Abraham Lincoln[lower-alpha 11]
(Died in office)
16 March 4, 1865
–
April 15, 1865
(Became President)		 Andrew Johnson
1808–1875
(Lived: 66 years)
[28][29][30]		 15th
Governor of Tennessee
(1853–1857)
Military Governor of Tennessee
(1862–1865)		 National Union 20
(1864)
Office vacant April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869[lower-alpha 7] Andrew Johnson
17 March 4, 1869
–
March 4, 1873		 Schuyler Colfax
1823–1885
(Lived: 61 years)
[31]		 U.S. Representative for Indiana's 9th district
(1855–1869)
Speaker of the House
(1863–1869)		 Republican 21
(1868)		 Ulysses S. Grant
18 March 4, 1873
–
November 22, 1875
(Died in office)		 Henry Wilson
1812–1875
(Lived: 63 years)
[32]		 U.S. Senator from Massachusetts
(1855–1873)		 Republican 22
(1872)
Office vacant November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877[lower-alpha 7]
19 March 4, 1877
–
March 4, 1881		 William A. Wheeler
1819–1887
(Lived: 67 years)
[33]		 U.S. Representative for New York's 19th district
(1875–1877)		 Republican 23
(1876)		 Rutherford B. Hayes
20
March 4, 1881
–
September 19, 1881
(Became President)		 Chester A. Arthur
1829–1886
(Lived: 57 years)
[34][35][36]		 10th
Chairman of the New York State Republican Executive Committee
(1879–1881)
(No prior elected office)		 Republican 24
(1880)		 James A. Garfield
(Died in office)
Office vacant September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885[lower-alpha 7] Chester A. Arthur
21 March 4, 1885
–
November 25, 1885
(Died in office)		 Thomas A. Hendricks
1819–1885
(Lived: 66 years)
[37]		 16th
Governor of Indiana
(1873–1877)		 Democratic 25
(1884)		 Grover Cleveland
Office vacant November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889[lower-alpha 7]
22 March 4, 1889
–
March 4, 1893		 Levi P. Morton
1824–1920
(Lived: 96 years)
[38]		 U.S. Minister to France
(1881–1885)		 Republican 26
(1888)		 Benjamin Harrison
23 March 4, 1893
–
March 4, 1897		 Adlai Stevenson
1835–1914
(Lived: 78 years)
[39]		 First Assistant
United States Postmaster General
(1885–1889)		 Democratic 27
(1892)		 Grover Cleveland
24 March 4, 1897
–
November 21, 1899
(Died in office)		 Garret Hobart
1844–1899
(Lived: 55 years)
[40]		 Vice Chairman of the
Republican National Committee
(1892–1896)		 Republican 28
(1896)		 William McKinley
(Died in office)
Office vacant November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901[lower-alpha 7]
25 March 4, 1901
–
September 14, 1901
(Became President)		 Theodore Roosevelt
1858–1919
(Lived: 60 years)
[41][42][43]		 33rd
Governor of New York
(1899–1900)		 Republican 29
(1900)
Office vacant September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905[lower-alpha 7] Theodore Roosevelt
26 March 4, 1905
–
March 4, 1909		 Charles W. Fairbanks
1852–1918
(Lived: 66 years)
[44]		 U.S. Senator from Indiana
(1897–1905)		 Republican 30
(1904)
27 March 4, 1909
–
October 30, 1912
(Died in office)		 James S. Sherman
1855–1912
(Lived: 57 years)
[45]		 U.S. Representative for New York's 27th district
(1903–1909)		 Republican 31
(1908)		 William H. Taft
Office vacant October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913[lower-alpha 7]
28 March 4, 1913
–
March 4, 1921		 Thomas R. Marshall
1854–1925
(Lived: 71 years)
[46]		 27th
Governor of Indiana
(1909–1913)		 Democratic 32
(1912)		 Woodrow Wilson
33
(1916)
29 March 4, 1921
–
August 2, 1923
(Became President)		 Calvin Coolidge
1872–1933
(Lived: 60 years)
[47][48][49]		 48th
Governor of Massachusetts
(1919–1921)		 Republican 34
(1920)		 Warren G. Harding
(Died in office)
Office vacant August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925[lower-alpha 7] Calvin Coolidge
30
March 4, 1925
–
March 4, 1929		 Charles G. Dawes
1865–1951
(Lived: 85 years)
[50]		 1st Director of the
U.S. Bureau of the Budget
(1921–1922)
(No prior elected office)		 Republican 35
(1924)
31 March 4, 1929
–
March 4, 1933		 Charles Curtis
1860–1936
(Lived: 76 years)
[51]		 U.S. Senator from Kansas
(1907–1913 & 1915–1929)
President pro tempore
(1911)
Senate Majority Leader
(1925–1929)		 Republican 36
(1928)		 Herbert Hoover
32 March 4, 1933
–
January 20, 1941[lower-alpha 12]		 John N. Garner
1868–1967
(Lived: 98 years)
[52]		 U.S. Representative for Texas's 15th district
(1903–1933)
House Minority Leader
(1929–1931)
Speaker of the House
(1931–1933)		 Democratic 37
(1932)		 Franklin D. Roosevelt
(Died in office)
38
(1936)
33
January 20, 1941
–
January 20, 1945		 Henry A. Wallace
1888–1965
(Lived: 77 years)
[53]		 11th
United States Secretary of Agriculture
(1933–1940)
(No prior elected office)		 Democratic 39
(1940)
34 January 20, 1945
–
April 12, 1945
(Became President)		 Harry S. Truman
1884–1972
(Lived: 88 years)
[54][55][56]		 U.S. Senator from Missouri
(1935–1945)		 Democratic 40
(1944)
Office vacant April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949[lower-alpha 7] Harry S. Truman
35 January 20, 1949
–
January 20, 1953		 Alben W. Barkley
1877–1956
(Lived: 78 years)
[57]		 U.S. Senator from Kentucky
(1927–1949)
Senate Majority Leader
(1937–1947)
Senate Minority Leader
(1947–1949)		 Democratic 41
(1948)
36 January 20, 1953
–
January 20, 1961		 Richard Nixon
1913–1994
(Lived: 81 years)
[58][59][60]		 U.S. Senator from California
(1950–1953)		 Republican 42
(1952)		 Dwight D. Eisenhower
43
(1956)
37 January 20, 1961
–
November 22, 1963
(Became President)		 Lyndon B. Johnson
1908–1973
(Lived: 64 years)
[61][62]		 U.S. Senator from Texas
(1949–1961)
Senate Majority Leader
(1955–1961)		 Democratic 44
(1960)		 John F. Kennedy
(Died in office)
Office vacant November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965[lower-alpha 7] Lyndon B. Johnson
38 January 20, 1965
–
January 20, 1969		 Hubert Humphrey
1911–1978
(Lived: 66 years)
[63]		 U.S. Senator from Minnesota
(1949–1964)
Senate Majority Whip
(1961–1964)		 Democratic 45
(1964)
39 January 20, 1969
–
October 10, 1973
(Resigned from office)		 Spiro Agnew
1918–1996
(Lived: 77 years)
[64]		 55th
Governor of Maryland
(1967–1969)		 Republican 46
(1968)		 Richard Nixon
(Resigned from office)
47
(1972)
Office vacant October 10 – December 6, 1973[lower-alpha 13]
40 December 6, 1973
–
August 9, 1974
(Became President)		 Gerald Ford
1913–2006
(Lived: 93 years)
[65][66][67]		 U.S. Representative for Michigan's 5th district
(1949–1973)
House Minority Leader
(1965–1973)		 Republican
Office vacant August 9 – December 19, 1974[lower-alpha 13] Gerald Ford
41 December 19, 1974
–
January 20, 1977		 Nelson Rockefeller
1908–1979
(Lived: 70 years)
[68]		 49th
Governor of New York
(1959–1973)		 Republican
42 January 20, 1977
–
January 20, 1981		 Walter Mondale
Born 1928
(90 years old)
[69]		 U.S. Senator from Minnesota
(1964–1976)		 Democratic 48
(1976)		 Jimmy Carter
43 January 20, 1981
–
January 20, 1989		 George H. W. Bush
Born 1924
(94 years old)
[70][71][72]		 11th
Director of Central Intelligence
(1976–1977)		 Republican 49
(1980)		 Ronald Reagan
50
(1984)
44 January 20, 1989
–
January 20, 1993		 Dan Quayle
Born 1947
(71 years old)
[73]		 U.S. Senator from Indiana
(1981–1989)		 Republican 51
(1988)		 George H. W. Bush
45 January 20, 1993
–
January 20, 2001		 Al Gore
Born 1948
(70 years old)
[74]		 U.S. Senator from Tennessee
(1985–1993)		 Democratic 52
(1992)		 Bill Clinton
53
(1996)
46 January 20, 2001
–
January 20, 2009		 Dick Cheney
Born 1941
(77 years old)
[75]		 17th
United States Secretary of Defense
(1989–1993)		 Republican 54
(2000)		 George W. Bush
55
(2004)
47 January 20, 2009
–
January 20, 2017		 Joe Biden
Born 1942
(75 years old)
[76]		 U.S. Senator from Delaware
(1973–2009)		 Democratic 56
(2008)		 Barack Obama
57
(2012)
48 January 20, 2017
–
Incumbent		 Mike Pence
Born 1959
(59 years old)
[77][78]		 50th
Governor of Indiana
(2013–2017)		 Republican 58
(2016)		 Donald Trump

Subsequent public office

Twenty–five vice presidents held other high U.S. state or federal government positions after leaving the vice presidency. Fourteen went on to become President of the United States (nine of them following their predecessor's death or resignation), and 4 served in the United States Senate. Several served as a member of the Cabinet of the United States, Ambassador of the United States or in state government.

Vice President Vice-Presidency[lower-alpha 1] Subsequent service
John Adams 1 1789–1797 2nd President of the United States (1797–1801)
Thomas Jefferson 2 1797–1801 3rd President of the United States (1801–1809)
John C. Calhoun 7 1825–1832 U.S. Senator from South Carolina (1832–1843 and 1845–1850); 16th U.S. Secretary of State (1844–1845)
Martin Van Buren 8 1833–1837 8th President of the United States (1837–1841)
Richard M. Johnson 9 1837–1841 Kentucky Representative (1841–1843 and 1850)
John Tyler 10 1841 10th President of the United States (1841–1845)
George M. Dallas 11 1845–1849 United States Minister to the Court of St. James's (1856–1861)
Millard Fillmore 12 1849–1850 13th President of the United States (1850–1853)
John C. Breckinridge 14 1857–1861 U.S. Senator from Kentucky (1861)
Hannibal Hamlin 15 1861–1865 U.S. Senator from Maine (1869–1881); U.S. Minister to Spain (1881–1882)
Andrew Johnson 16 1865 17th President of the United States (1865–1869); U.S. Senator from Tennessee (1875)
Chester A. Arthur 20 1881 21st President of the United States (1881–1885)
Levi P. Morton 22 1889–1893 31st Governor of New York (1895–1896)
Theodore Roosevelt 25 1901 26th President of the United States (1901–1909)
Calvin Coolidge 29 1921–1923 30th President of the United States (1923–1929)
Charles G. Dawes 30 1925–1929 United States Ambassador to the Court of St. James's (1929–1931)
Henry A. Wallace 33 1941–1945 10th U.S. Secretary of Commerce (1945–1946)
Harry S. Truman 34 1945 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953)
Alben W. Barkley 35 1949–1953 U.S. Senator from Kentucky (1955–1956)
Richard Nixon 36 1953–1961 37th President of the United States (1969–1974)
Lyndon B. Johnson 37 1961–1963 36th President of the United States (1963–1969)
Hubert Humphrey 38 1965–1969 U.S. Senator from Minnesota (1971–1978)
Gerald Ford 40 1973–1974 38th President of the United States (1974–1977)
Walter Mondale 42 1977–1981 U.S. Ambassador to Japan (1993–1996)
George H. W. Bush 43 1981–1989 41st President of the United States (1989–1993)

In addition to their post-vice presidency service to the United States, two former Vice Presidents served in the Government of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War: John Tyler, as a member of the Provisional Confederate Congress, 1861–1862, elected to the Confederate House of Representatives in November 1861, but died before he could take his seat; and John C. Breckinridge, as Confederate States Secretary of War, 1865.

Notes

  1. 1 2 The U.S. Vice Presidents are counted according to uninterrupted periods of time served by the same person. For example, John Adams served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first vice president (not the first and second). Likewise, George Clinton is counted as the fourth and John Calhoun as the seventh, even though each one's consecutive terms in office were served under more than one president. Following the resignation of 39th vice president Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford became the 40th vice president even though he was chosen to serve out the remainder of Agnew's second term. Then, after Ford succeeded to the presidency later in that same term, Nelson Rockefeller became the 41st vice president and served out the remainder of the term.
  2. ↑ Listed here (unless otherwise noted) is the most recent position—either with a U.S. state or the federal government, or with a private corporation—held by the individual prior to becoming Vice President of the United States.
  3. ↑ Due to logistical delays, John Adams assumed the office of Vice President 1 month and 17 days after the March 4, 1789 scheduled start of operations of the new government under the Constitution. As a result, his first term was only 1,413 days long, and was the shortest term for a U.S. vice president who served a full term.
  4. ↑ Pro-Administration is a contemporary term used to describe the supporters of the political and economic policies of the Washington Administration prior to the formation of the Federalist and Democratic–Republican parties.
  5. ↑ George Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. Greatly concerned about the very real capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, he was, and remains, the only U.S. President never to be affiliated with a political party.
  6. ↑ The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and resulted in a situation where the persons elected President and Vice President belonged to opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected President, and Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republicans was elected Vice President.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, February 10, 1967, an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency could not be filled.
  8. ↑ John Calhoun, formerly a Democratic-Republican, founded the Nullifier Party in 1828 to advance the cause of states' rights, but was brought on as Andrew Jackson's running mate in the 1828 presidential election in an effort to broaden the political coalition emerging around Jackson.
  9. ↑ Andrew Jackson's supporters from the former Democratic-Republican Party, which had largely collapsed by the mid-1820s, began calling themselves Democrat' during his first term in office, thus marking the evolution of Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party into the modern Democratic Party.
  10. ↑ Ill with tuberculosis, William King traveled to Cuba after the 1852 election in an effort to regain his health, and was not able to be in Washington, D.C. to take his oath of office on March 4, 1853. By a Special Act of Congress, he was allowed to take the oath outside the United States, and was sworn in on March 24, 1853 near Matanzas, Cuba. He is the only Vice President to take his oath of office in a foreign country.
  11. ↑ When he ran for reelection in 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln formed a bipartisan electoral alliance with War Democrats by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate, and running on the National Union Party ticket.
  12. ↑ The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified on January 23, 1933, moved Inauguration Day from March 4 to January 20, beginning in 1937. As a result, John Nance Garner's first term in office was 1 month and 12 days shorter than a normal term.
  13. 1 2 The Twenty-fifth Amendment established a process whereby an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency is filled by presidential appointment.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate)". United States Senate. Retrieved June 10, 2009.
  2. ↑ "Vice President". US Legal System. USLegal. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  3. ↑ "Biography of John Adams". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  4. ↑ "John Adams – Federalist Party – 2nd President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  5. ↑ "Life Portrait of John Adams". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  6. ↑ "Biography of Thomas Jefferson". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  7. ↑ "Thomas Jefferson – Democratic-Republican Party – 3rd President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  8. ↑ "Life Portrait of Thomas Jefferson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  9. ↑ "Aaron Burr (1801–1805) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  10. ↑ "George Clinton (1805–1809) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  11. ↑ "Elbridge Gerry (1813–1814) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  12. ↑ "Daniel D. Tompkins (1817–1825) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  13. ↑ "John C. Calhoun (1825–1829) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  14. ↑ "Biography of Martin Van Buren". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  15. ↑ "Martin Van Buren – Democratic-Republican, Democratic, and Free Soil Party – 8th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  16. ↑ "Life Portrait of Martin Van Buren". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  17. ↑ "Richard M. Johnson (1837–1841) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  18. ↑ "Biography of John Tyler". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  19. ↑ "John Tyler – No Party – 10th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  20. ↑ "Life Portrait of John Tyler". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  21. ↑ "George M. Dallas (1845–1849) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  22. ↑ "Biography of Millard Fillmore". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  23. ↑ "Millard Filmore – WHIG Party – 13th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  24. ↑ "Life Portrait of Millard Fillmore". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  25. ↑ "William R. D. King (1853) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  26. ↑ "John C. Breckinridge (1857–1861) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  27. ↑ "Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  28. ↑ "Biography of Andrew Johnson". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  29. ↑ "Andrew Johnson – National Union Party – 17th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  30. ↑ "Life Portrait of Andrew Johnson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  31. ↑ "Schuyler Colfax (1869–1873) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  32. ↑ "Henry Wilson (1873–1875) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  33. ↑ "William A. Wheeler (1877–1881) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  34. ↑ "Biography of Chester Arthur". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  35. ↑ "Chester A. Arthur – Republican Party – 21st President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  36. ↑ "Life Portrait of Chester A. Arthur". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  37. ↑ "Thomas A. Hendricks (1885) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  38. ↑ "Levi P. Morton – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  39. ↑ "Adlai E. Stevenson (1893–1897) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  40. ↑ "Garret A. Hobart (1897–1899) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  41. ↑ "Biography of Theodore Roosevelt". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  42. ↑ "Theodore Roosevelt – Republican, Bull Moose Party – 26th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  43. ↑ "Life Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  44. ↑ "Charles W. Fairbanks – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  45. ↑ "James S. Sherman – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  46. ↑ "Thomas R. Marshall – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  47. ↑ "Biography of Calvin Coolidge". Whitehouse.gov. March 13, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  48. ↑ "Calvin Coolidge – Republican Party – 30th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  49. ↑ "Life Portrait of Calvin Coolidge". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  50. ↑ "Charles G. Dawes – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  51. ↑ "Charles Curtis – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  52. ↑ "John N. Garner (1933–1941) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  53. ↑ "Henry A. Wallace (1941–1945) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  54. ↑ "Biography of Harry S Truman". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  55. ↑ "Harry S Truman – Democratic Party – 33rd President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  56. ↑ "Life Portrait of Harry S. Truman". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  57. ↑ "Alben W. Barkley – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  58. ↑ "Richard M. Nixon". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  59. ↑ "Richard Nixon – Republican Party – 37th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  60. ↑ "Life Portrait of Richard M. Nixon". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  61. ↑ "Lyndon B. Johnson – Democratic Party – 36th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  62. ↑ "Life Portrait of Lyndon B. Johnson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  63. ↑ "Hubert H. Humphrey – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  64. ↑ "Spiro T. Agnew (1969–1973) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  65. ↑ "Biography of Gerald R. Ford". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  66. ↑ "Gerald Ford – Republican Party – 38th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  67. ↑ "Life Portrait of Gerald R. Ford". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  68. ↑ "Nelson A. Rockefeller – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  69. ↑ "Walter Mondale – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  70. ↑ "Biography of George Herbert Walker Bush". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  71. ↑ "George H. W. Bush – Republican Party – 41st President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  72. ↑ "Life Portrait of George H.W. Bush". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  73. ↑ "J. Danforth Quayle – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  74. ↑ "Albert Gore, Jr. – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  75. ↑ "Richard B. Cheney – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  76. ↑ "Joseph Biden – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  77. ↑ Flegenheimer, Matt; Barbaro, Michael (November 9, 2016). "Donald Trump Is Elected President in Stunning Repudiation of the Establishment". The New York Times. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  78. ↑ "Vice President Mike Pence". whitehouse.gov. January 20, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.