List of political parties in Malaysia

This is a list of political parties in Malaysia, including existing and historical ones.

Legislation

Under the current legislation, all political parties (termed "Political Associations") must be registered under the Societies Act.

Election expenses

The Election Offences Act (1954) regulate the maximum expenses allowed for candidates vying for parliamentary seats and for state seats during the campaign period (excluding before the nomination day and after election day). The permissible campaign expenditure set by the Election Offences Act (1954) is RM100,000 per candidate for state seats, and RM200,000 per candidate for federal seats. According to this guideline, with 505 state seats and 222 parliamentary seats in the 2013 general election, the maximum amount that Barisan Nasional was allowed to spend was only about RM95 million. Due to the lack of record and regulations, Malaysian politicians may not even know how much they spent on their campaigns or overspending the expenditure than permitted by law. Another related problem was the secrecy surrounding political funds and their use. Although many politicians, including members of newly appointed cabinets, voluntarily disclosed their personal finances, such disclosure is not compulsory and many sources of revenue remain obscure.

Election deposits

The deposit was RM10,000 to contest a parliamentary seat, or RM5,000 to contest a state assembly seat. The deposit is used to pay for infringements of election laws and is returned after polling day unless the candidate loses and fails to garner more than 12.5 percent or one-eighth of the votes cast. Additionally it is required that each candidate provide a RM5,000 deposit for cleaning up banners and posters after the election.

Political donations

Political donations are legal in Malaysia. There is no limit, and parties are not obliged to disclose the source of the funding, which makes political donations a vague subject but still entirely legal in the country. All political donations are allowed to be given into accounts of individuals and accounts of the political party. Anonymous donors and foreigners may request to not to reveal their identities.

Political parties are funded by contributions from:

party members and individual supporters (via membership fees/dues/subscriptions and/or local/foreign small donations),
organisations, which share their political views (e.g. by trade union affiliation fees) or which stand to benefit from their activities (e.g. by local/foreign corporate donations) or
taxpayers respectively the general revenue fund (by grants that are called state aid, government or public funding).

Latest election results

**Summary of the 9 May 2018 Malaysian *Dewan Rakyat* election results**
Party				Vote		Seats
Party				Votes	%	Won	%	+/–
	Pakatan Harapan^{[lower-alpha 1]}		PH	5,615,822^[1]		113	52.25	45
		People's Justice Party	PKR	2,096,776		47	22.52	17
		Democratic Action Party (excluding East Malaysia)	DAP	2,098,068		42	18.92	4
		Malaysian United Indigenous Party	PPBM	696,087		13	5.86	13
		National Trust Party (excluding Batu Sapi)	AMANAH	648,274		11	4.95	11
	Barisan Nasional^{[lower-alpha 2]}		BN	4,080,797		79	35.59	54
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	2,548,251		54	24.32	34
		United Traditional Bumiputera Party	PBB	220,479		13	5.86	1
		Sarawak People's Party	PRS	59,218		3	1.35	3
		Malaysian Indian Congress	MIC	167,061		2	1.35	2
		Progressive Democratic Party	PDP	59,853		2	0.90	2
		Malaysian Chinese Association	MCA	639,165		1	0.45	6
		Sarawak United People's Party	SUPP	122,540		1	0.45
		United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation	UPKO	57,062		1	0.45	2
		United Sabah People's Party	PBRS	57,062		1	0.45
		United Sabah Party	PBS	49,994		1	0.45	3
		Malaysian People's Movement Party	Gerakan	128,973		0	0.00	1
		Liberal Democratic Party	LDP	8,996		0	0.00
		People's Progressive Party	myPPP	7,422		0	0.00
	Gagasan Sejahtera^{[lower-alpha 3]}		GS	2,050,686		18	8.11	3
		Malaysian Islamic Party	PAS	2,009,142		18	8.11	3
		Malaysian National Alliance Party	IKATAN	9,025		0	0.00
		Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (excluding Cameron Highlands)	Berjasa	32,438		0	0.00
	Democratic Action Party^{[lower-alpha 4]}		DAP	268,028		9	4.05	29
	Sabah Heritage Party		WARISAN	280,520		8	3.61	8
	United Sabah Alliance		USA	66,902		1	0.45	1
	Homeland Solidarity Party^{[lower-alpha 5]}		STAR	21,361		1	0.45	1
	Sabah People's Hope Party^{[lower-alpha 5]}		PHRS	37,708		0	0.00
	Love Sabah Party		PCS	8,603		0	0.00
	Sabah Progressive Party^{[lower-alpha 5]}		SAPP	6,090		0	0.00
	Socialist Party of Malaysia		PSM	3,782		0	0.00	1
	Malaysian People's Party		PRM	2,372		0	0.00
	Malaysian United Party		MUP	2,102		0	0.00
	Sabah People's Unity Party^{[lower-alpha 5]}		PPRS	1,743		0	0.00
	State Reform Party		STAR	1,299		0	0.00
	Sabah Native Co-operation Party		Anak Negeri	1,173		0	0.00
	People’s Alliance For Justice of Peace		PEACE	1,005		0	0.00
	National Trust Party^{[lower-alpha 6]}		AMANAH	980		0	0.00
	Penang Front Party		PFP	892		0	0.00
	New Sarawak Native People's Party		PBDSB	538		0	0.00
	Love Malaysia Party		PCM	502		0	0.00
	Land of the Hornbill Party		PBK	392		0	0.00
	People's Alternative Party		PAP	302		0	0.00
	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front^{[lower-alpha 7]}		Berjasa	81		0	0.00
	Independents		IND	70,770		3	1.35	3
Valid votes				12,082,431^[1]
Invalid/blank votes				217,083^[1]
Total votes (voter turnout: 82.32%)				12,299,514	100.00	222	100.00	TBA
Did not vote				2,641,110
Registered voters^{[lower-alpha 8]}				14,940,624
	Ordinary voters^{[lower-alpha 8]}			14,636,716
	Early voters^{[lower-alpha 8]}			300,255
	Postal voters^{[lower-alpha 8]}			3,653
Voting age population^{[lower-alpha 9]} (aged 21 years and above)				18,359,670
Malaysian population^{[lower-alpha 10]}				32,258,900
Source: Election Commission of Malaysia (SPR)^[2]

↑ Contested using People's Justice Party election symbol on the ballot papers.
↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.
↑ Contested using green moon election symbol on the ballot papers.
↑ Contested using rocket election symbol on the ballot papers in East Malaysia.
1 2 3 4 Parties in the informal coalition, United Sabah Alliance. Contested using different election symbol on the ballot papers.
↑ Contested using white mountain election symbol on the ballot papers in Batu Sapi.
↑ Contested using green star election symbol on the ballot papers in Cameron Highlands.
1 2 3 4 Abdullah, Mohd. Hashim (10 April 2018). Urusan Pilihan Raya Umum ke-14 (in Malay). SPR Media Statement. Retrieved on 8 May 2018.
↑ The estimates are correct as at February 2018. See Zulkipli, Nur Lela (12 February 2018). 3.6 juta orang muda belum daftar pengundi (in Malay). Berita Harian. Retrieved on 9 May 2018.
↑ Malaysia (6 February 2018). Perangkaan Demografi Suku Tahun Keempat (ST4) 2017, Malaysia (in Malay). Department of Statistics Malaysia Media Statement. Retrieved on 9 May 2018.

The parties

Parties represented in the Parliament and/or the state legislative assemblies

This is the list of coalitions and parties that have representation in the Parliament of Malaysia (Dewan Rakyat & Dewan Negara) and/or the state legislative assemblies, sorted by seats held in the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament of Malaysia.

Party		Abbr	Leader	Ideology	Position	Dewan Rakyat	Dewan Negara	State Assemblies	Vote share % (2018)
	Pakatan Harapan Alliance of Hope ^[A]	PH	Mahathir Mohamad	Reformism Progressivism Social democracy Social liberalism	Centre-left	116 / 222	6 / 70	226 / 505	45.56
	Barisan Nasional National Front	BN	Ahmad Zahid Hamidi	Ketuanan Melayu Ethno-nationalism Social conservatism Economic liberalism	Right-wing	54 / 222	28 / 70	94 / 505	33.80
	Gabungan Parti Sarawak Sarawak Parties Alliance ^[B]	GPS	Abang Johari Openg	Sarawak regionalism Social conservatism Economic liberalism	Centre-right	19 / 222	3 / 70	72 / 505	8.56
	Parti Islam Malaysia Malaysian Islamic Party ^[C]	PAS	Abdul Hadi Awang	Islamism Islamic democracy Pan-Islamism Religious nationalism	Right-wing	18 / 222	2 / 70	90 / 505	16.99
	Parti Warisan Sabah Sabah Heritage Party ^[D]	WARISAN	Shafie Apdal	Sabah regionalism Social liberalism Reformism	Centre-left	8 / 222	0 / 70	21 / 505	2.32
	Parti Bersatu Sabah United Sabah Party ^[E]	PBS	Joseph Pairin Kitingan	Sabah regionalism Nationalism Centrism	Centre-right	1 / 222	1 / 70	5 / 505	0.41
	United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation Pertubuhan Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Bersatu ^[E]	UPKO	Madius Tangau	Ethnic nationalism Sabah regionalism	Right-wing	1 / 222	1 / 70	5 / 505	0.47
	Parti Solidariti Tanah Airku Homeland Solidarity Party ^[F]	STAR	Jeffrey Kitingan	Sabah regionalism Social conservatism Economic liberalism	Centre-right	1 / 222	0 / 70	2 / 505	0.55
	Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah United Sabah People's Party ^[E]	PBRS	Joseph Kurup	Nationalism Sabah regionalism	Right-wing	1 / 222	0 / 70	1 / 505	0.10
	Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Malaysian People's Movement Party	GERAKAN	Mah Siew Keong	Centrism Liberalism Nationalism	Centre	0 / 222	2 / 70	0 / 505	N/A
	All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front Barisan Kemajuan India Se-Malaysia	IPF	Sambanthan Manikam	Hindu nationalism Dravidianism Anti-Brahminism	Centre-right	0 / 222	1 / 70	0 / 505	N/A
	Liberal Democratic Party Parti Liberal Demokratik ^[E]	LDP	Teo Chee Kang	Liberalism Centrism Sabah regionalism	Centre	0 / 222	1 / 70	0 / 505	N/A
	Hindu Rights Action Force Barisan Bertindak Hak-Hak Hindu	HINDRAF	Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy	Hindu nationalism Dravidianism Human rights	Centre-left	0 / 222	1 / 70	0 / 505	N/A
^A The coalition contested seats in West Malaysia using the symbol of the People's Justice Party while seats in East Malaysia were contested using the symbols of the individual coalition parties. ^B Four parties that made up Barisan Nasional Sarawak announced their withdrawal from the coalition and formed the new coalition of 12 June 2015.^[3] ^C The coalition contested seats using the symbol of the Malaysian Islamic Party. ^D The party contested seats in the state of Sabah only in an electoral pact with Pakatan Harapan. ^E These parties contested seats in the state of Sabah only as part of the BN coalition but withdrew from the coalition after the 14th General Elections ^[4] ^F The coalition contested seats in the state of Sabah only using the symbols of the individual coalition parties.