List of political parties in Finland

Republic of Finland
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politics and government of
Finland

This article lists the political parties in Finland.

Finland has a strong multi-party system with coalition governments usually formed by the largest party. Parties which are not in the national government are called the opposition. Parties work in parliamentary groups (eduskuntaryhmä) in parliament, usually voting with party discipline, which is however not absolute.

Parties are composed of local chapters based in municipalities. In municipalities, which are fundamental administrative units of the country, parties hold seats in the municipal council, but often have to compete for them with local non-party groups. Unlike in the national government, where there is a government and an opposition, municipal boards are selected proportionally.

The party system has been rather stable since the establishment of the Parliament in 1906 and Finnish independence in 1917, as parties founded then or their breakoff factions have consistently held the overwhelming majority in the parliament. The establishment of the Green League is an exception.

Registered parties

According to Finnish law, a political association that fulfills certain conditions is eligible to become an officially registered party. A registered party may nominate candidates in all national and local elections, and a party that is represented in parliament is entitled to a government subsidy relative to its number of seats. To qualify as a registered party, an association must have bylaws guaranteeing democratic internal organization and must be able to present 5,000 signatures from supporters who are eligible to vote. A party that fails to win a single seat in two consecutive parliamentary elections is stricken from the register but may apply again. (In contrast, a voluntary association has a requirement of 20,000 supporters and is not eligible for party subsidy.)

Parliamentary parties

Name Ideology MPs MEPs Leader Founded Ref
Centre Party
Keskusta
Centern		 KESK Centrism
Social liberalism		 49 3 Juha Sipilä 1906 [1][2][3]
National Coalition Party
Kokoomus
Samlingspartiet		 KOK Liberalism
Liberal conservatism		 38 3 Petteri Orpo 1918 [1][2][3]
Social Democratic Party
Sosialidemokraattinen puolue
Socialdemokratiska parti		 SDP Social democracy 35 2 Antti Rinne 1899 [1][2][3]
Blue Reform
Sininen tulevaisuus
Blå framtid		 SIN Conservatism
Soft Euroscepticism		 19 0 Sampo Terho 2017 [1][2][3]
Finns Party
Perussuomalaiset
Sannfinländarna		 PS Finnish nationalism
Right-wing populism		 17 2 Jussi Halla-aho 1995 [1][2][3]
Green League
Vihreä liitto
Gröna förbundet		 VIHR Green politics
Pro-Europeanism		 15 1 Touko Aalto 1987 [1][2][3]
Left Alliance
Vasemmistoliitto
Vänsterförbundet		 VAS Democratic socialism
Eco-socialism		 12 1 Li Andersson 1990 [1][2][3]
Swedish People's Party
Svenska folkpartiet
Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue		 RKP Social liberalism
Swedo-Finnish interests		 10 1 Anna-Maja Henriksson 1906 [1][2][3]
Christian Democrats
Kristillisdemokraatit
Kristdemokraterna		 KD Christian democracy
Social conservatism		 5 0 Sari Essayah 1958 [1][2][3]

Extra-parliamentary parties

Those parties that have received neither a seat in the Parliament of Finland nor in the European Parliament, but which are registered political parties, are listed below.

Name Ideology Leader Founded Ref
Feminist Party
Feministinen puolue
Feministiska partiet		 FP Feminism Katju Aro
Warda Ahmed
Katriina Rosavaara		 2016 [1][2][3]
Independence Party
Itsenäisyyspuolue
Självständighetspartiet		 IPU Euroscepticism
Economic democracy		 Henri Aitakari 1994 [1][2][3]
Communist Party
Kommunistinen Puolue
Kommunistiska Parti		 SKP Communism Juha-Pekka Väisänen 1994 [1][2][3]
Communist Workers' Party
Kommunistinen Työväenpuolue
Kommunistiska Arbetarpartiet		 KTP Communism
Marxism–Leninism		 Hannu Harju 1988 [1][2][3]
Pirate Party
Piraattipuolue
Piratpartiet		 PP Pirate politics
Social liberalism		 Jonna Purojärvi 2008 [1][2][3]
Liberal Party
Liberaalipuolue
Liberalpartiet		 LIB Classical liberalism Juhani Kähärä 2016 [1][2][3]
Animal Justice Party
Eläinoikeuspuolue
Djurrättspartiet		 EOP Animal rights Saana-Maria Majatie 2016 [1][2][3]
Citizens' Party
Kansalaispuolue
Medborgarpartiet		 KP Centrism Sami Kilpeläinen 2016 [1][2][3]

Unregistered parties

Name Ideology Leader Founded Ref
Blue and White Front
Sinivalkoinen Rintama		 SVR Anti-immigration Olavi Mäenpää 2009 [3][4][5][6]
Change 2011
Muutos 2011
Förändring 2011		 M11 Direct democracy Anita Saarinen 2009 [3][7][8]
For the Poor
Köyhien Asialla		 KA Christian values Terttu Savola 2002 [3][9][10]
Workers' Party of Finland
Suomen Työväenpuolue
Finlands Arbetarparti		 STP Nordic model Juhani Tanski 2003 [3][11]
Liike Nyt
Rörelse nu		 liik Market liberalism Harry Harkimo 2018 [12][13][14][15]

Historical political parties

Parties in parliament

Parties outside parliament

Election campaign stations for the Pirate Party and Independence Party, Narinkka, Helsinki.
  • Swedish party (Ruotsalainen puolue) 1870–1906
  • Liberal party (Liberaalinen puolue) 1880–1885
  • Finnish Active Resistance Party (Suomen aktiivinen vastustuspuolue) 1904–1908
  • National Workers' Party (Kansallinen Työväenpuolue) 1917–?
  • Socialist Party of Work (Sosialistinen Työpuolue) 1917–1919
  • Peasant People's Party (Talonpoikaiskansan puolue) 1924–1933
  • Farmers' Party (Maanviljelijäin Puolue) 1927–1929
  • United Front (Yhteisrintama) 193?–1940
  • New Finnish Party (Uusi Suomalainen Puolue) 1932–1945
  • Finnish Socialist Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Puolue) 1932–1937
  • Patriotic People's Party (Isänmaallinen Kansanpuolue) 1932–1933
  • Finnish People's Organisation (Suomen Kansan Järjestö) 1933–1936
  • Finnish Socialist Workers' Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Työväen Puolue) 1934–1944
  • Work Front of Finland (Suomen Työrintama) 1936–1939
  • Party of Finnish National Work (Suomalais-Kansallisen Työn Puolue) 1939–?
  • National Socialist People's Party of Finland (Suomen Kansallissosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1940–1943
  • Neo-Socialist Party (Uus-sosialistinen puolue) 1940–1945
  • Organisation of National Socialists (Kansallissosialistien Järjestö) 1940–1944
  • National Socialists of Finland (Suomen Kansallissosialistit) 1941–1944
  • Radical People's Party (Radikaalinen Kansanpuolue) 1944–1951
  • Independent Middle Class (Itsenäinen keskiluokka) 1949–1951
  • Finnish People's Party (Suomalainen kansanpuolue) 1950s
  • Independence Party (Itsenäisyyspuolue) 1960s
  • Party Organisation of Finnish Entrepreneurs (Suomen Yksityisyrittäjäin Puoluejärjestö) 1972–1979
  • Socialist Workers' Party (Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1973–1990
  • Pensioners' Party of Finland (Suomen Eläkeläisten Puolue) 1985–1999
  • Joint Responsibility Party (Yhteisvastuu puolue) 1987–2007
  • Senior Citizens' Party of Finland (Suomen Senioripuolue), 1990–2014
  • Women's Party (Naisten puolue) 1990–1995
  • Party of Humanity (Ihmisyydenpuolue) 1991–1995
  • Finnish People's Blue-whites (Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset, SKS) 1993–2010
  • Patriotic People's Movement (Isänmaallinen kansanliike), 1993–2010
  • Natural Law Party (Luonnonlain puolue) 1994–2001
  • Forces for Change in Finland (Muutosvoimat Suomi) 2002–2007

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "List of Registered Parties". Vaalit.fi. Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Rekisteröidyt puolueet". Vaalit.fi (in Finnish). Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 "Puolueiden nimet ja lyhenteet". Kielitoimiston ohjepankki (in Finnish). Retrieved 2018-03-20.
  4. ↑ "Maahanmuuttokriittinen Vapauspuolue puoluerekisteriin". YLE (in Finnish). 20 November 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  5. ↑ "Vapauspuole vaihtoi nimekseen Sinivalkoinen Rintama rp". Turun Sanomat (in Finnish). 29 November 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
  6. ↑ "Vapauspuolueen historia lyhyesti" (in Finnish). Freedom Party. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  7. ↑ "Hirvisaari perustaa Muutos 2011 -nimisen eduskuntaryhmän | Yle Uutiset" (in Finnish). yle.fi. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  8. ↑ "Muutospuolue" (in Finnish). Change 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  9. ↑ "Kunnallisvaalit 2012: Veroparatiisit pannaan – vaalit rehellisiksi" (in Finnish). For the Poor. 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  10. ↑ Pihlajasaari, Jouni: "Pohjalaissyntyinen Terttu Savola perusti puolueen, koska vanhat eivät toimi" Pohjalainen 9 December 2002
  11. ↑ Seppänen, Timo (13 April 2015). "Eduskunnan kynnys on korkea pienpuolueille". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  12. ↑ "Här är listan på alla som är med i Harkimos nya rörelse". Hufvudstadsbladet (in Swedish). 23 April 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  13. ↑ Ijäs, Johannes (27 April 2018). "Harkimo (liik) siirretään perussuomalaisten ja keskustan väliin takariviin". Demokraatti (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  14. ↑ Karkkola, Minna (7 May 2018). "Tutkija löysi paradoksin Hjallis Harkimon liikkeestä: 'Saadaanko tavoitteella tismalleen päinvastainen lopputulos?'". Uusi Suomi (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  15. ↑ Räsänen, Jukka-Pekka (21 April 2018). "Nimet julki: he ovat Liike Nytin taustalla". Savon Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
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