List of hypermarkets
This is a list of hypermarket chains sorted alphabetically by continent and country. A hypermarket is a superstore carrying a wide range of products under one roof, and theoretically allows customers to satisfy all their shopping needs in one trip.
Africa
Algeria
The Algerian chain Ardis (owned by Algerian group Arcofina) is currently operating one hypermarket in the country in Mohammadia, just outside Algiers. In the future Ardis will open 19 hypermarkets in the country; the next will open near Oran in Bir El Djir.[1][2] Carrefour ended their partnership with the Algerian group Arcofina in February 19, 2009. "The concept of mass distribution does not work in Algeria," added Carrefour. Before that, Carrefour had still only one store opened as of 2009 of 18 hypermarkets planned by 2012. The private group Arcofina explained that there was a delay because of difficulties in finding available land for hypermarkets. Arcofina is now focusing on opening hypermarkets in the future under the Ardis brand.[3][4]
Angola
Benin
Côte d'Ivoire
Egypt
Gabon
- Géant Casino – Mbolo
Kenya
Mauritius
Mayotte
Morocco
There are several hypermarkets operating in the country. The biggest are Marjane, Aswak Assalam and Carrefour. The Acima brand, which belongs to the same retail group with Marjane, are stores that cannot qualify as hypermarkets because they are smaller.
Reunion
Rwanda
South Africa
The Pick 'n Pay chain uses the term for 14 of their largest stores in South Africa. Checkers also runs 24 hypermarkets under the "Checkers Hyper" name.
Tunisia
Zimbabwe
Asia
Bangladesh
Bahrain
Brunei
Cambodia
- AEON
- DFI Lucky
China
Defunct:
Hong Kong
There were some hypermarkets owned by Carrefour, which were closed down by 2000.
As of July 2011, there were five Æon JUSCO hypermarkets, 19 Wellcome Superstores, and 43 PARKnSHOP Superstores there.
Defunct chains:
French Polynesia
India
Defunct
Carrefour and Auchan had several hypermarkets in keling, but both chains closed down all Indian stores in 2014 due to a financial crisis in owning European chains in that country. Auchan stores are planned to be sold to Spar Group and converted into Spar Hypermarkets as of 2016, while Carrefour stores are not yet sold to other chains.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
The hypermarket format in Israel was not a success because retail chains abandoned hypermarkets and later converted them into smaller discount stores.[9]
- Shufersal Big – not a hypermarket chain but currently has the largest stores
Japan
Defunct:
Jordan
In Jordan, Carrefour has one branch in Amman (a joint venture between Majid Al Futtaim Group and Carrefour France) and has an area of 11,000 square meters.[10] Hypermarkets also exist in the Zaatari refugee camp in Mafraq as part of the WFP initiative, which led the project to establish the stores.[11][12]
Kazakhstan
- Kazmart DIY[18]
- MEGA Astana[19]
- Ramstore Hyper[18]
Kuwait
The hypermarkets operating in Kuwait are Grand Hyper division Regency Group Dubai, which operates six hypermarkets in Kuwait, in Fahaheel, Watiya, Hawally, Jleeb al Shuwaikh, Khaithan and Hassawi, and two Grand Fresh mini supermarkets in Mangaf and Abuhalifa. Geant operates one hypermarket at 360 Mall, and six other supermarkets across the country, such as Carrefour and City Centre. The Sultan Center has 11 locations in Kuwait that target expatriate shoppers.[20] CityCentre has two hypermarkets in Kuwait, in Shuwaikh and Salmiya.[21] Carrefour has one hypermarket at The Avenues, in Shuwaikh, a few minutes out of downtown Kuwait City.
Lulu Hypermarket is the biggest hypermarket chain in GCC, and operates six outlets in Kuwait in Al Rai, Al Qurain, Al Dajeej, Salmiya, Egaila and Fahaheel.
Laos
Lebanon
Defunct brands:
Macau
Malaysia
- AEON
- Giant Hypermarket
- Lulu Hypermarket (opening soon)
- Mydin Wholesale Hypermarket
- Servay Hypermarket (East Malaysia only)
- Tesco
Defunct
Oman
Pakistan
- Hyperstar (Carrefour)
- Metro
- Imtiaz supermarket
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
- Al Danube abu husain
- Carrefour
- City Flower Hyper Markets
- Farm
- HyperPanda
- Lulu Hypermarket
- Tamimi
Singapore
Defunct:
- Carrefour (withdrew from the region in late 2012)
South Korea
The largest hypermarket chains are E-Mart (Shinsegae Group), Lotte Mart (Lotte) and Homeplus (Tesco).
- Costco
- E-Mart
- GS Supermarket (GS Group)
- Homeplus
- Lotte Mart
Sri Lanka
Syria
- Grand Mart
Taiwan
Thailand
Defunct:
Turkmenistan
The country's first hypermarket will be in a 100,000 square meter shopping center, in the capital Ashgabat, scheduled to open in 2014.[23] The complex will include the hypermarket, offices, a cinema, boutiques and a parking lot that will accommodate around 1400 cars. It is yet unknown to which retailer Turkmenistan's first hypermarket will belong.[24]
United Arab Emirates
- Carrefour
- Geant
- Lulu Hypermarket
- Nesto Hypermarket
- Spinneys
Vietnam
Yemen
Europe
- Interspar
- Maximarkt (only in the Austrian states of Salzburg and Upper Austria)
- Merkur (REWE Group)
- Metro
Defunct:
- Carrefour
- Magnet (Tengelmann Group)
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In the early 1960s, the first Superbazar (later Maxi GB and Bigg's) hypermarkets were created in Belgium in Auderghem, Anderlecht and Bruges.
In 2000, the French Carrefour Group took over the Belgian GB Group, all Maxi GB and Bigg's hypermarket stores were then rebranded Carrefour hypermarkets.
In 2007, there were 63 hypermarkets in the country. In May 2013, there were in total 67, of which were 45 regular Carrefour hypermarkets and 15 were new Carrefour Planet hypermarkets.[30] The Louis Delhaize Group has seven Cora throughout Wallonia and Brussels.
The largest hypermarket in Belgium is the Cora store in Anderlecht (Brussels) with a size of 15 000 m2.[31] The second largest is the Carrefour Planet store in the B-Park shopping center in Bruges (Flanders), which has a size of 14 000 m2.[32]
Defunct brands:
- B-Hyper
- Billa
- Emmezeta
- Getro
- Interspar
- Kaufland
- Konzum
- Mercator
- Metro
- NTL (by CBA)
- Plodine
- Tommy
- Ultra
Defunct brands:
- AlphaMega
- Carrefour
- Albert hypermarket (Ahold group)
- Billa
- Globus
- Kaufland
- Makro (Charoen Pokphand Group)
- Penny Market
- Tesco
Former brands:
Currently, Bilka is the biggest chain of hypermarkets (operated by Dansk Supermarked); the second biggest chain was Kvickly Xtra, which were converted in 2009 to the regular Kvickly supermarkets.[34] Opening of new hypermarkets has decreased, as of 2010, due to restrictions on store sizes to protect the stores in city centers.
In France, hypermarkets are successful, and today, there are over 1000 hypermarkets in the country. Carrefour opened the first French and European hypermarket in 1963, in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois near Paris, and has 222 hypermarkets, as of 2013.[35] The largest hypermarket in France is the Carrefour store in Villiers-en-Bière, Seine-et-Marne (77) in the Île-de-France region, with an area of 25 000 m2.[36]
E.Leclerc opened its first hypermarket store in 1964 in Landerneau, near Brest, and is now the dominant hypermarket chain in France, with 489 hypermarkets.[37] Internationally, the French Carrefour is still the largest hypermarket chain in terms of size, and second-largest (after Walmart) in terms of revenue.
The other chains with the most hypermarkets in France are Géant (120 hypermarkets), Auchan (134) and Hyper U (61).[38]
In Corsica, hypermarkets are not as successful as in the rest of France; the only hypermarkets available in Corsica are Carrefour, Hyper U, E.Leclerc, Géant and Casino.
- Auchan
- Carrefour
- Cora
- E.Leclerc
- Géant Casino
- Géant Discount
- Hyper U
- HyperCasino
- Intermarché Hyper
- Match
- Maxi Coop
- Migros MMM[39]
- Record (Grosbliederstroff)
Defunct
- Continent – all became Carrefour in 2000
- Eroski
- Euromarché
- Hyper Cedico
- HyperChampion
- Mammouth – The first Mammouth store opened in 1969 near Troyes, and the last store closed in Lacroix-Saint-Ouen on 3 October 2009 after a 10-year delay to close the last store, as it was considered too small for an Auchan hypermarket, but too large for an ATAC supermarket.[40]
- Rallye – first store opened in Brest in 1968; last closed in 2002
- Record – operated from 1967–2008; however there is a Record store still operating in Grosbliederstroff[41]
- Rond Point
- Super Suma – became ATAC
- L'Univers
In Germany, the biggest hypermarket brands are Real (METRO AG), Kaufland (which belongs to Lidl), and Marktkauf (which is a brand of AVA,[45] which in turn belongs to EDEKA). However, for various reasons, such as the strong competition by more focused discounters such as Aldi and Lidl, as well as legal restrictions on store size, pricing policy, and opening times, the hypermarket concept is not as widespread in Germany as in other countries.
Defunct
- Extra Future Store – first store opened in 2003 in Rheinberg; taken over by Real in 2008, which converted it to new Real Future Store hypermarkets
- Interspar – all stores were taken over by Wal-Mart in 1998
- Wal-Mart – moved into Germany in 1998 by taking over Interspar stores, but failed to use its American approach in Germany; in 2006 the remaining 85 hypermarkets were changed to Real hypermarkets
The biggest hypermarket presence is Tesco. Other hypermarkets include Auchan, Metro (Cash & Carry) and InterSpar, which operate several hypermarkets in the country.
Defunct:
- Dunnes Stores
- Tesco Ireland (Tesco Extra stores)
In Italy and Italian-speaking parts of Switzerland, the term is ipermercati.
- Auchan
- Bennet
- Carrefour
- Conad Superstore / Conad Ipermercato
- Crai Superstore / Ipermercato Crai
- Esselunga Superstore
- Il Gigante
- Interspar / Iperspar
- Iper
- Ipercoop
- IperSimply (Auchan)
- Italmark
- Famila (Iperfamila, Galassia, Emisfero, Famila Superstore, Alìper, Mega, Emi Superstore, IperZerbimark, Big Store, IperDì and IperPan)
- PAM (Pam Superstore / Panorama and Superal)
- Sidis (Ipersidis, Sidis Superstore, Oasi, Migross Superstore, La Girandola, Decò Superstore, L'IperConveniente, MioMercato Superstore and Iper MioMercato)
- Sigma (Sigma Superstore / IperSigma and Ipersì Sigma)
- Sisa Superstore / IperSisa
- Super Spaccio Alimentare
Defunct:
- Auchan City – sold to Coop Italia in 2017 and rebranded Ipercoop
- Billa Superstore – closed in 2013 and rebranded Conad and Carrefour
- CittàMercato – rebranded Auchan
- Cityper – rebranded IperSimply
- E.Leclerc – rebranded Conad in 2014 due to the end of the joint-venture between the two chains
- Euromercato – rebranded Carrefour
- IperAffi – owned only one hypermarket in Affi; rebranded IperOrvea in 2015
- IperCoopca – closed in 2015 due to Coopca's failure
- IperLeDune – rebranded Interspar in 2015
- IperPellicano – closed in 2013 due to Lombardini Holding's bankruptcy
- IperStanda – rebranded Billa Superstore in 2010
- Iperstore GS – rebranded Carrefour
- Megasidis – sold to Auchan in 2012 and then to Coop Italia in 2017
- ETC
- Interex
- Maxi
- VIVA
There are several hypermarkets, like the homegrown chain of Maxima supermarkets in Lithuania, which range in sizes from neighborhood convenience stores to giant supercenters or hypermarkets that stock over 65,000 SKUs. The chain has 499 (as of 2013) stores open throughout Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Bulgaria (branded as T-Market) and Poland (branded as Aldik Nova).
Defunct:
- Carrefour – shut down in early 2016
In the Netherlands hypermarkets were not a success; there were several attempts of retailers like Ahold and SHV but they all eventually failed.[46]
In 1971, Schuitema opened their first Dutch hypermarkets, Famila and Ahold with Miro in Vlissingen. In 1973, SHV Holdings opened Trefcenter. Shortly after, Maxis was created by De Bijenkorf. However, all these hypermarkets failed, and all closed in the 1980s.[47]
In the late 1990s the American chain A&P started operating supermarkets and several hypermarkets by taking over old Maxis stores. The A&P chain wasn't very successful. C1000 took over the stores in 2000–2003, and the hypermarkets were converted to C1000 supermarkets.[48]
Since 2006, the German chain Famila (currently operating hypermarkets in the north of Germany and Italy) has tried to return in the Netherlands by opening a Dutch hypermarket in Emmen and then expanding in a few years to about 25 hypermarkets between 4,500 and 7,000 square meters. J. Bünting Beteiligungs AG from Leer (Germany) had therefore opened an office in Drachten. However, as of 2013 there were still no Famila stores in the country.[49][50]
On March 27, 2013, the largest supermarket of the Netherlands was opened by Jumbo in the city of Breda, called Jumbo Foodmarkt. With around 6,000 square meters, this store can be considered a hypermarket, but does not offer non-food products, which is unlike most hypermarkets.[51][52] The second Jumbo Foodmarkt will open with a size of 7,000 square meters in the unfinished Focus-U-Park shopping center of 30,000 square meters in Steenwijk. This store will sell non-food products, and will be the first real hypermarket in the Netherlands since 2000.[53]
- Albert Heijn XL (2,800m2 – 4,500m2)[54][55][56]
- Jumbo Foodmarkt (6,000 m2 – 8,000 m2)
- Makro (warehouse club)
Defunct brands:
There are Coop Obs! owned by Coop Norge, which operates 24 hypermarkets through the country. Coop Norge also owns three Smart Club outlets (Warehouse club). Other hypermarkets include EuroSpar, a hypermarket brand of Spar, and ICA AB, with ICA Maxi stores.
- Coop Obs!
- Eurospar
- ICA Maxi
- Smart Club
Defunct
- Kvickly Xtra (defunct since 2010; earlier known as Obs!)
In Portugal, there are a considerable number of hypermarket chains in operation, including Continente (the biggest and the first Portuguese chain to go international), Jumbo/Pão de Açúcar, Pingo Doce, Lidl and Intermarché. Most of these chains also operate supermarkets and smaller stores.
- Auchan (Jumbo and Pão de Açúcar)
- Continente (Sonae group)
- E.Leclerc
- Intermarché Hyper
- Pingo Doce (Jerónimo Martins group)
- City Gross
- Coop Forum
- ICA Maxi
There are currently two chains operating hypermarkets in the country. Coop Switzerland owns 13 Hypermarkets throughout the West, with the biggest stores situated in Geneva and Fribourg.[62][63] The Migros chain has 11 MMM hypermarkets, including some in Lausanne, Basel, and two in France which are both near Geneva, one in Thoiry and Étrembières.[64][65]
Until 22 March 2013, Casino-Magro had several HyperCasino hypermarkets in Switzerland until the bankruptcy of the Magro group.[66]
Defunct:
- A101
- Bim
- Carrefour
- Metro
- Migros Turk
- Real
- Şok
- ATB
- Auchan
- ECO Market
- Epicentr K
- FoxMart
- Foxtrot
- Furshet
- Leroy Merlin
- Mega Market
- Novaya Linia
- Novus
- Sil'po
- Velika Kishenia
The largest chains in the UK are Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury's, which all operate hypermarkets in the country.
Defunct:
- Carrefour – first Carrefour store opened in the 1970s; UK business was sold to Gateway/Somerfield in 1990 and later was sold to Asda
- Sainsbury's Savacentre – joint ventures between Sainsbury's and BHS, later rebranded Sainsbury's Superstores
North America
Canada
- Loblaw Companies owns and operates:
- Atlantic Superstore
- Real Canadian Superstore and in Quebec Maxi & Cie.
- NorthMart (in the territories and Labrador)
- Walmart Supercentre
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
Honduras
Mexico
Defunct
- Carrefour – all rebranded Walmart in early 2000s
- Comercial Mexicana- purchased by Soriana in 2016 and defunct by May 2018
Nicaragua
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Panama
United States
Stores in the United States tend to be single-level enterprises with long operating hours; many of them, especially Walmart, are open 24 hours a day (except on certain holidays). The term "hypermarket" is not in general use in the US.
- Fred Meyer – now a division of Kroger
- Kmart Super Center
- Kroger
- Meijer
- Remke Bigg's
- Smith's Marketplace – nameplate for hypermarkets operated by another Kroger division, Smith's Food & Drug; in a 2004 corporate reorganization, Smith's took over the Utah operations of Fred Meyer
- SuperTarget
- Walmart Supercenter
Defunct
- American Fare – division of Kmart/Bruno's[68]
- Auchan (France) – tested in the Houston and Chicago areas; Houston stores closed in 2003
- bigg's – merged with Remke Markets and lost general merchandise section (see Remke Markets bigg's)
- Carrefour – opened hypermarkets in Philadelphia and Voorhees Township, New Jersey, in 1988 and 1992 respectively; both closed in 1993. Some associates wore roller skates to facilitate moving about the large building. The Voorhees location now houses a Kohl's department store, a Raymour & Flanigan furniture store, and a Marshall's discount clothing store. The Philadelphia location (an outparcel of the Philadelphia Mills mall) housed a Walmart discount store (formerly a Bradlees; moved to a Supercenter on the former Ports Of The World/Boscov's/Steve & Barry's site) and still houses Dick's Sporting Goods and Raymour & Flanigan.
- Fedco – membership department store chain, operated in Southern California from 1948 to 1999
- Gemco – division of Lucky Stores
- Harts Stores / Big Bear Plus – division of Big Bear Stores
- Hypermart USA – division of Wal-Mart
- Leedmark – a joint venture involving E.Leclerc of France; operated a single 306,000-square-foot (28,400 m2) store in Glen Burnie, Maryland, 1991–1994
- The Real Superstore – a division of the defunct National Tea Company, the former US subsidiary of the Canadian Loblaws chain, which runs The Real Canadian Superstore (see listings for Canada in the Canadian section)
- The Treasury
- Twin Valu – division of ShopKo/SuperValu
Oceania
Australia
The hypermarket concept was not a success in Australia. Coles had their own hypermarkets in the country with the introduction of Super Kmarts in the 1980s, until the results were not positive. The concept was eventually shelved in the 1990s to then divide all Super Kmart stores to have a separate Coles and a separate Kmart.[69]
Costco have stores in Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide and Canberra, and are planning for one in every capital city.
- Kaufland are planning to open two hypermarkets in 2019 one in forestville south Australia and one in Dandenong in Victoria.
- Pick 'n Pay Hypermarket[70] (changed to a separate Coles and a Kmart supermarket; in the Aspley Hypermarket Shopping Centre)
New Zealand
In New Zealand, The Warehouse operated three hypermarkets in the North Island between 2006 and 2009 under the "Extra" banner. These stores were closed due to poor performance.[71]
South America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Defunct:
French Guiana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
See also
References
- ↑ rédaction, La (2012-07-06). "L'hypermarché Ardis a ouvert ses portes à Alger - Algérie Focus". Algérie Focus (in French). Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "L'hypermarché Ardis ouvre ses portes demain au grand public - Algérie360". Algerie360.com | Information et Actualité sur l'Algérie (in French). 2012-07-03. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Regoverningmarkets.org - My Diary Blog". Regoverningmarkets.org. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Entreprises - Economie d'entreprise". LExpansion.com (in French). Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Erevan Bénin | La grande distribution au Bénin". www.erevanbenin.com (in French). Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Aswak Assalam – BELLE JUSQU'AU BOUT DES ONGLES". www.aswakassalam.com (in French). Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ Melekher.com | Auchan ouvrira bientot ses portes en Tunisie – Auchan will soon open their doors in Tunisia, March 14 2012
- ↑ Finally, Carrefour opens its doors in Iraq's Erbil – Business Archived 2013-04-10 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Retailing in Israel". www.euromonitor.com. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Carrefour launches first branch in Jordan. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Two hypermarkets offer Zaatari residents variety of foodstuff". Jordan Times. 2014-02-06. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ Free Online Library
- ↑ "Ctown Supermarkets > Home". www.ctownsupermarkets.com. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Carrefour". www.carrefourjordan.com. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Cozmo Store | Homepage". www.cozmo.jo. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑
- ↑ "TAZWEED VENTURES". www.tazweed.jo. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- 1 2 Eurasia RED – developer of largest Kazakhstan regional A'port shopping malls – News – Two biggest hypermarkets in Kazakhstan Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Mega Alma-Ata »". almaty.megacenter.kz (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "プロ野球独立リーグ". www.thesultancenter.com. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ Designer/Programmer/FDC. "City Centre Kuwait". www.citycentre.com.kw. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ Chatriwala, Omar. "First Géant hypermarket opening in Qatar on Sunday". DohaNews. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
- ↑ "3000 people to build Ashgabat hypermarket". Trend.Az (in Russian). 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "WHEATHILL -- A Washington-based company specializing in developing, hosting and maintaining websites". www.universalnewswires.com. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Les Centres commerciaux et hypermarchés de la Principauté d'Andorre - Pas-de-la-Case". www.andorre.net. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Arminfo:". Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- 1 2 3 4 "Commercial Real Estate" (PDF). www.colliers.nl. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Сеть магазинов Евроопт - Наши достижения". www.euroopt.by. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-05-21. Retrieved 2013-05-10. GIPPO.BY | English – About
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-08-03. Retrieved 2013-08-03.
- ↑ Vuille, Nicolas (5 May 1998). "Le plus grand hypermarché belge Un nouveau Cora s'ouvre à l'ouest d'Anderlecht" (in French). Retrieved 10 May 2013.
- ↑ "B-Park". B-Park (in Dutch). Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Bingo Tuzla". www.bingotuzla.com.ba. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ In Danish : Coop opgiver Kvickly-xtra Berlingske Tidende, June 12, 2009
- ↑ http://www.carrefour.fr/magasin
- ↑ « Le top 100 des hypers » par F. Carluer Lossouarn, le 4 Mars 2010 publié dans le magazine Linéaires
- ↑ "E.Leclerc" (in French). Retrieved 4 May 2013.
489 hypermarchés ou supermarchés Leclerc sont répertoriés sur Supermarche.com
- ↑ Nicolas MICHEL (2009). "Hypermarchés en France : nombre, surface totale et surface moyenne (2009) – DISTRIPEDIE" (in French). Distripédie. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ↑ "Migros Etrembières, Migros Neydens, Migros Thoiry | Migros France". www.migros.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 2016-01-12. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ Gobin, Bertrand (September 2006). "Le dernier Mammouth va disparaitre" [The last Mammouth will disappear] (PDF). LINÉAIRES (in French) (217): 32, 33. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
- ↑ "Hypermarchés Record". Marques Disparues. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
- ↑ Carrefour to open first hypermarket in Georgia : By Tamar Khurtsia : Georgia Today on the Web Archived 2012-06-21 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Carrefour Georgia
- ↑ Goodwill – მთავარი
- ↑ AVA Archived 2009-12-23 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-11. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
- ↑ "Jumbo ziet wel kansen voor hypermarkten in Nederland". www.agf.nl. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Hebels Website: Schuitema News". www.hebels.nl. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "RetailNews.nl". RetailNews.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Famila hypermarkten naar Nederland". Distrifood (in Dutch). Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ Jeroen Schutijser (27 March 2013). "Grootste supermarkt open in Breda" (in Dutch). NOS Nieuws. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ↑ "Business Insider Nederland". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ de Mooij, Willem-Paul. "Jumbo bouwt tweede megasuper bij Steenwijk". Levensmiddelenkrant. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-01-18. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
- ↑ http://www.fas.usda.gov/gainfiles/200211/145784751.pdf
- ↑ (www.mashmedia.nl), Retail Technics BV by using Mashmedia CMS. "Albert Heijn". www.retailtechnics.com. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "A Magnit for investors". The Economist. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Groupe Auchan buys Real Eastern Europe hypermarkets (Metro)". www.groupe-auchan.com (in French). Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "SPAR Россия". www.spar.ru. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ http://www.dis.rs/. ".:: DIS trgovina ::". www.disyu.com. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ Tuš » Always better Archived 2013-01-15 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Coop Hypermarket Stores in Switzerland : (French)
- ↑ "Vidéo: Le distributeur Coop ouvre ses deux plus grands hypermarchés de Suisse romande". Play RTS (in French). Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Migros France – Nos sites". Migros. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ↑ "Migros – Filiales & Heures d'ouverture" (in French). Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ↑ Simon, Sophie. "L'Hyper Casino de Lancy vit ses dernières heures". Tribune de Genève. Tribune de Genève. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ↑ "Carrefour quitte la Suisse et se restructure à l'international". lesechos.fr. 2007-08-21. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ Bruno's former link to American Fare and Kmart
- ↑ "Hypermarkets in demand overseas, but will the concept ever take off in Australia? | Australian Food News". www.ausfoodnews.com.au. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ "Aspley Hypermarket - in the market for great shopping? So are we". Aspley Hypermarket. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
- ↑ Tapaleao, Vaimoana (10 October 2008). "Warehouse plans to phase out its one-stop outlets". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
- ↑ "Hypermarché GEANT CASINO Cayenne". www.guyacadeau.fr. Retrieved 2017-07-18.