Ludhiana

Ludhiana
Metropolis
Gurudwara Sri Dukhniwaran Sahib, Clock Tower, Gurudwara Shri Manji Sahib Alamgir, Lodhi Fort, Maharaja Ranjit Singh War Museum, Shri Krishna Mandir and Guru Nanak Dev Bhavan, Tiger Safari
Ludhiana
Ludhiana
Coordinates: 30°55′N 75°51′E / 30.91°N 75.85°E / 30.91; 75.85Coordinates: 30°55′N 75°51′E / 30.91°N 75.85°E / 30.91; 75.85
Country India India
State Punjab
District Ludhiana
Tehsil

Ludhiana West

Ludhiana East
Government
 • Type Mayor–Council
 • Body Ludhiana Municipal Corporation
 • Mayor Balkar Singh Sandhu (INC)
Area
 • Total 310 km2 (120 sq mi)
Elevation 262 m (860 ft)
Population (2011)[1]
 • Total 1,618,879
 • Rank 22nd
 • Density 5,200/km2 (14,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Ludhianvi
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN Multiple 141001-141011
Telephone code 0161
Vehicle registration PB-10 PB- 91
Website http://www.ludhiana.nic.in/

Ludhiana is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab, and India's largest city north of Delhi, with an area of 310sq. km and an estimated population of 1,618,879 as of the 2011 census.[1] The population increases substantially during the harvesting season due to the migration of labourers from highly populated states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Odisha. The city stands on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) south of its present course. It is an industrial center of northern India; the BBC has called it India's Manchester.[2] Ludhiana was among the list of smart city that will be developed by government of India.

Ludhiana is 107 kilometres (66 mi) west of the state capital, Chandigarh, on NH 95, and is centrally located on National Highway 44, which runs from New Delhi to Amritsar. It is 315 km (194 miles) north of Delhi and 142 km (88 miles) southeast of Amritsar.

Geography

Ludhiana is located at 30°54′N 75°51′E / 30.9°N 75.85°E / 30.9; 75.85.[3] It has an average elevation of 244 metres (798 ft). Ludhiana City, to its residents, consists of the Old City and the New City (or the residential and official quarters of the colonial British encampment, traditionally known as Civil Lines; this is as opposed to the Army Lines, which are no longer extant as the British Cantonment was abandoned in 1845).

The land dips steeply to the north and the west where, before 1785, the river Sutlej ran.

The Old Fort was at the banks of the Sutlej (and now houses the College of Textile Engineering). Legend has it that an underground tunnel connects it to the fort in Phillaur – although why this should be is debatable, as the Sutlej was the traditional dividing line between the principalities, often occupied by enemy forces (see History section).

The ground is of yellow sandstone and granite, forming small hillocks, plateaus and dips.

The tree of largest natural extraction was the kikar, or Acacia indica, but has been supplanted by the eucalyptus, transplanted from rural Australia in the late 1950s by the government of Chief Minister Pratap Singh Kairon.

Gulmohars and jacarandas were planted by the British along the avenues of Civil Lines, as were other flowering trees, while the Old City contains almost no vegetation or parks, except for a few isolated pipal trees, holy to the Hindus, as it is supposed to be the abode of Lord Shiva.

Climate

Ludhiana features a humid subtropical climate under the Köppen climate classification, with three defined seasons; summer, monsoon and winter. Ludhiana on average sees roughly 890 millimetres (35 in) of precipitation annually.

Ludhiana has one of the worst air pollution problems in India, with particulate matter being over six times the World Health Organization recommended standard, making it the 13th most polluted city in the world.[4][5] Industrial water pollution is also of significant concern in portions of Ludhiana, notably along the Budha Dariya.[6]

Climate data for Ludhiana (1971–1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22
(72)		 26
(79)		 32
(90)		 39
(102)		 48
(119)		 48
(118)		 43
(109)		 42
(108)		 42
(107)		 37
(98)		 31
(87)		 23
(73)		 48
(119)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 18
(64)		 21.4
(70.5)		 27.3
(81.1)		 33.6
(92.5)		 43.2
(109.8)		 42.9
(109.2)		 37.6
(99.7)		 37.4
(99.3)		 36.7
(98.1)		 31.9
(89.4)		 26.3
(79.3)		 17.9
(64.3)		 45.2
(113.4)
Average high °C (°F) 12.9
(55.3)		 15.2
(59.4)		 22.9
(73.2)		 28.3
(82.9)		 38.8
(101.8)		 39.6
(103.3)		 34
(93.2)		 32.4
(90.4)		 30.1
(86.1)		 27.4
(81.3)		 21.7
(71.1)		 13.3
(55.9)		 26.4
(79.5)
Average low °C (°F) −0.6
(30.9)		 2.4
(36.4)		 7.9
(46.3)		 13.3
(55.9)		 24.9
(76.9)		 26.2
(79.2)		 22.9
(73.3)		 21.7
(71.1)		 17.8
(64.1)		 11.7
(53.1)		 6.2
(43.2)		 0.6
(33.1)		 12.9
(55.3)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −4.3
(24.3)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 3.4
(38.1)		 8.6
(47.4)		 21.3
(70.3)		 23
(73.4)		 18.1
(64.6)		 16.4
(61.5)		 13.8
(56.9)		 6.5
(43.7)		 2.6
(36.7)		 −8.7
(16.3)		 −5.6
(21.9)
Record low °C (°F) −10
(14)		 −6
(21)		 −1
(31)		 6
(43)		 16
(61)		 18
(64)		 13
(56)		 12
(54)		 9
(49)		 4
(39)		 −1
(31)		 −9
(16)		 −10
(14)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 49.5
(1.95)		 67.8
(2.67)		 68.3
(2.69)		 51.1
(2.01)		 52.6
(2.07)		 71.9
(2.83)		 229.1
(9.02)		 189
(7.44)		 85.1
(3.35)		 15.5
(0.61)		 9.1
(0.36)		 21.6
(0.85)		 910.6
(35.85)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 5.6 7.6 7.7 5.7 5.9 8.1 25.8 21.2 9.6 1.7 1 2.4 102.3
Average relative humidity (%) 74 66 62 44 39 49 71 76 68 61 68 74 63
Source #1: NOAA[7]
Source #2: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[8]

Demographics

Religion in Ludhiana city[9]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 65.96%
Sikhism
 
 28.75%
Islam
 
 2.81%
Christianity
 
 0.68%
Others
 
 1.70%

As per provisional data of 2011 census Ludhiana had a population of 1,618,879.[1] The literacy rate was 82.50 per cent.[10] This population consists of 950,123 males and 743,530 females.[1]

Commerce

Feroze Gandhi Market, Ludhiana

The World Bank ranked Ludhiana as the city in India with the best business environment in 2009 and 2013.[11]

The riches are brought mostly by small-scale industrial units,[12] which produce industrial goods, machine parts, auto parts, household appliances, hosiery, apparel, and garments. Ludhiana is Asia's largest hub for bicycle manufacturing and produces more than 50% of India's bicycle consumption of more than 10 million each year. Ludhiana produces 60% of India's tractor parts and a large portion of auto and two-wheeler parts. Many parts used in German cars are Mercedes and BMW exclusively produced in Ludhiana to satisfy the world requirement. It is one of the largest manufacturer of domestic sewing machines. Hand tools and industrial equipment are other specialties.

The apparel industry of Ludhiana, popularly known as Ludhiana Hosiery industry provides employment to millions of people[13] and produces world best brands of winter wears preferably woollens and jackets. It is famous all over India for its woolen sweaters and cotton T-shirts; most of the top Indian woolen apparel brands are based in Ludhiana. Due to industry Ludhiana is also called India's Manchester. Ludhiana also has a growing IT sector with multiple software services and product companies having development centers in the city.

Ludhiana is also home to the Ludhiana Stock Exchange Association. LSC is situated on NH95(Chandigarh-Ferozepur Highway) in Feroze Gandhi market near Mini Secretariat Ludhiana. Stock trading is one the main course of action of LSC.

Education

Schools

Ludhiana has 363 senior secondary, 367 high, 324 middle, 1129 primary, and pre-primary recognised Schools, with a total of 398,770 students.[14] Most of these schools are either run by the Central Board of Secondary Education or by Punjab School Education Board.

Agriculture

Ludhiana is home to the largest agricultural university in Asia and one of the largest in the world, Punjab Agricultural University.[15] The College of Veterinary Sciences at PAU was recently upgraded to the Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU).

Medical

The entrance of the old building of Christian Medical College

Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, the first medical school for women in Asia, was founded by Dr Dame Edith Mary Brown in 1894. Christian medical college is a major and reputed tertiary care hospital in India where the world's first face transplant was done. Dayanand Medical College and Hospital is a tertiary care teaching hospital in Ludhiana. This institution is recognized by the Medical Council of India. The college is affiliated to Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Punjab. Guru Teg Bahadur Institute of Nursing, Ludhiana was established in the year 1997, Guru Teg Bahadur Institute of Nursing, Ludhiana is affiliated to Baba Farid University of Health Sciences (BFUHS) Faridkot.

Engineering

Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College

Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College is an institution offering facilities and education for engineering students. It has a research and development centre for bicycles and sewing machines.[16] There is also the Research & Development Polytechnic College.[17] There are also other institutes catering to local and surrounding areas such as Institute of Banking Services (IBS).

Management

Ludhiana has many management colleges providing courses such as Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA), Hospitality and Management (HM), Airlines Tourism and Hospitality Management (ATHM), Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA), and Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com).

There are a few good colleges providing these courses both part-time as well as full-time, such as University Business School (UBS), Panjab University Regional Centre, the Punjab College of Technical Education (PCTE), Synetic Business School (SBS) Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Sri Aurobindo College of Commerce and Management (SACCM) and Government college for boys and Government college for girls. Khalsa College and Arya college are also present to study as a part-time student.

SCD Govt College - SCD Govt College earlier known as SD college was renamed in 1976 after the name of great scientist and physicist Satish Chandra Dhawan. Mr Dhawan was the mentor of India's most favourite president Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. SCD is situated at the College Road near Nehru Rose garden. SCD college is considered as the top most college of Panjab University and one of the top colleges of north India. It offered academic courses on graduate and post graduate level.

Transportation

Ludhiana is well connected by road and rail as Ludhiana railway station is on the main Delhi-Amritsar route and is an important railway junction with lines going to Jalandhar, Ferozepur, Dhuri and Delhi. The city is very well connected with daily or weekly trains to most places in India including the major cities of Jammu, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala, Pathankot, Kanpur, Jaipur, Chandigarh, Ambala, Panipat, Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata. For administrative reasons the station is under Ferozepur Railway Division. The railway line between Ludhiana and Chandigarh opened in 2013. The government has even passed a dedicated freight track between Ludhiana and Kolkata.

A DMU Train in Ludhiana

Road

Ludhiana is connected with other cities of Punjab and also with other states by bus service. Major national highways NH 44, NH 5 (old NH1, NH95) and state highway SH 11 connect to the city.[18][19] The transportation services are provided by the state owned Punjab Roadways and private bus operators.

Airport

Ludhiana is served by the city based Sahnewal Airport ((IATA: LUH, ICAO: VILD)), also known as Ludhiana Airport. It is located near the town of Sahnewal, 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Ludhiana on the Grand Trunk Road. The airport is spread over more than 130 acres. The current airport arrival/departure halls can accommodate 40 passengers.[20] The baggage delivery is done manually. Air India Regional ATR flight service is five times a week. Deccan Air will be starting another flight to Delhi, Shimla and Kullu in May 2018.

Railway

Ludhiana Junction railway station is well connected to other metro cities. 12037/New Delhi - Ludhiana Shatabdi Express is an important train that starts here.

Ludhiana Metro

This project has been scrapped by the government because lack of funds.

The government has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Delhi for construction of a Ludhiana Metro. This light transit system will serve about 25 years to Ludhiana. There will be two corridors in Ludhiana Metro. These two corridors of metro will give relief to many roads to some extent.

City transportation

City business service has been cancelled. Moving around inside the city is done mostly by city-buses, auto-rickshaws, and cycle rickshaws, while latest Ludhiana BRTS is under construction.

Auto rickshaw

The Auto rickshaw is a three-wheel drive vehicle, which is one way to travel in the city. They have the capacity to hold three to six passengers. It can be hired individually or on a sharing basis. The auto rickshaws are easily available at every major place, including the interstate bus terminal and the railway station at a nominal fare which varies from ₨ 10 to ₨ 30. Jugnoo, an on demand auto rickshaw application launched its operations in February 2015 to provide low cost, reliable, 24 x 7 service to the citizens of Ludhiana.

Rickshaw

Cycle rickshaws are widely used in Ludhiana. The rickshaw or tricycle is pulled by a person and is a relatively cheap way of traveling in the city, but has become pricey after the autos were being scrapped. Nowadays many electric rickshaws are also available in Ludhiana and most of them can be spotted on the road which connects Samrala Chowk to Station.

Taxi

Radio taxis are also easily available. This is the most used means of transport by the people of Ludhiana. Ola Cabs launched in the city on 7 October 2014. Uber is also very popular in the city.[21] Zoomcar provides cars for self-drive car rental in the city.[22]

Attractions

Ansal Plaza by night

Markets and shopping malls

For shopping, markets such as Chaura Bazaar, Ghumar Mandi, Jawahar Nagar Camp, Kipps Market and Mall Road are good places to buy from, but parking may be an issue in such areas.

Malls such as Westend Mall (Wave Mall), MBD Mall, Silver Arc and Pavilion mall are good attractions as big malls.

The Grand Walk, Flames Mall, Ansal Plaza, SRS Mall and Govardhan City Center are some good medium-sized malls.

Parks and recreation

Ludhiana is a mixture of urban and rural living. The city is surrounded by farming land on every side but inside the city are many parks that still exist for relaxation, walking and picnics.

Parks such as Leisure Valley, Rose garden Rakh bagh and PAU are good places to walk and spend time.

Kabaddi

Guru Nanak Stadium is known for hosting the Kabaddi matches along with athletic games. Kabaddi world cup finals have been played twice in Guru Nanak Stadium Ludhiana.[23] The stadium often hosts high-profile Kabbadi matches.

Skating

A skating rink for speed skating and roller hockey is in Leisure Valley, Sarabha Nagar. Many skaters like Saurabh Sharma and Harshveer Singh Sekhon made Ludhiana proud by winning many medals at district, state, national and world championship events.

Kila Rai Sports Festival

Kila Raipur Sports Festival, popularly known as Rural Olympics,[24] is held annually in Kila Raipur, near Ludhiana. Competitions are held for Punjabi rural sports, including cart races, kabaddi and rope pulling.

Places of interest

Punjab Agricultural University Stadium is a multipurpose stadium located in the campus. The stadium has got facilities for sports like cricket, football, hockey, etc. There is an astroturf field for hockey which is used for hockey event.In addition to this there is a swimming pool and a cycling Velodrome.

There are facilities for indoor sports such as basketball, badminton, gymnastics, handball, volleyball, lawn tennis, table tennis, weight lifting and Kabbadi etc. The Ground has also hosted 10 Ranji including a final in 1993 and one Irani Trophy matches from 1987 to 1999 and 10 List A matches.

  • MBD Neopolis

Notable individuals

NameOccupation
Sukhdev ThaparFreedom fighter
Kartar Singh SarabhaFreedom fighter
Gippy GrewalSinger, Actor
Bhai Randhir SinghFreedom fighter
Neel Kamal PuriNovelist, columnist[25]
DharmendraActor
Jaspreet Singh KalraContortionist
Sunil Mittal Entrepreneur
Simarjit Singh BainsSocial worker, politician
Diljit DosanjhActor
Sahir LudhianviLyricist
Divya DuttaActress
Manjit RupowaliaSinger
Sunil MittalIndian telecom mogul, philanthropist
Brijmohan Lall MunjalIndustrialist, founder of Hero Group
Rajinder GuptaIndustrialist, Chairman of TridentGroup
Trishneet AroraEthical hacker, author
Keshub MahindraIndustrialist, Chairman of Mahindra Group
Shubha PhutelaActress
Dakssh Ajit SinghActor
Jainti Dass SaggarPhysician, politician
Ravikiran KhanguraSinger, actor
Abhinav ShuklaActor
Sudarshan AgarwalPolitician
Shilpi SharmaActress
Juhi ChawlaActress
Gulzar Singh SandhuWriter
Naina DhaliwalIndian model
Inderjit HasanpuriSongwriter
Ram SinghSocial reformer
Maulana Habib-ur-Rehman LudhianviOne of the founders of Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam
Barkat Ali LudhianwiMuslim Sufi and founder of the Dar ul Ehsan organisation
TalishPakistani actor
Raj KhoslaDirector
Baldev Raj ChopraProducer and director
Kuldeep ManakSinger
Inderjit NikkuSinger
Ravinder GrewalSinger
Amar Singh ChamkilaSinger
Surinder ShindaSinger
Karnail GillSinger
Ishmeet SinghSinger
Lal Chand Yamla JattSinger
Mandeep SinghCricketer
Pankaj KapoorActor
Avtar GillActor
Hardev DilgirLyricist
K C MAHINDRAINDUSTRIALIST (FOUNDER MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA)

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Area and Population". Official Website of Ludhiana. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
  2. ↑ "India's Manchester". BBC. 28 February 2006.
  3. ↑ "Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Ludhiana". fallingrain.com.
  4. ↑ Majeed, Shariq (26 March 2014). "Ludhiana worries over its PM". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014.
  5. ↑ Preet, Jatinder (16 October 2011). "Ludhiana fourth most polluted city in the world". The Sunday Guardian. Delhi, India. Archived from the original on 12 April 2014.
  6. ↑ "How air and water pollution plagues Indian cities". Hindustan Times. 1 December 2013. Archived from the original on 29 January 2014.
  7. ↑ "Ludhiana Climate Normals 1971-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Ever recorded maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  9. ↑ http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800196-ludhiana-punjab.html
  10. ↑ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  11. ↑ "Doing Business in India 2009". World Bank. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  12. ↑ Entrepreneurship in India's small-scale industries. Richard P. Taub, Doris L. Taub
  13. ↑ https://cityvibesindia.com/hosiery-sourcing-guide-1
  14. ↑ "Education and Medical Facilities - Official Website of Ludhiana".
  15. ↑ Ludhiana Colleges. Mapsofindia.com. Retrieved on 16 June 2014.
  16. ↑ "www.bsrdindia.com". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  17. ↑ "R&D Polytechnic College". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  18. ↑ "State Highways in Punjab". PWD - Govt. of Punjab, India. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  19. ↑ "National Highways in Punjab". PWD - Govt. of Punjab. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  20. ↑ http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/ludhiana.jsp Archived 24 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Airport website
  21. ↑ "Ola Cabs launch in Ludhiana and Amritsar".
  22. ↑ Ltd., Zoomcar India Private. "Self Drive Cars In Ludhiana". Zoomcar. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  23. ↑ "Kabaddi World Cup: India all the way". The Tribune – Sports Page. 21 November 2011.
  24. ↑ "Racy start to Kila Raipur Rural Olympics". The Tribune – Ludhiana Tribune. 4 February 2011.
  25. ↑ "Punjab's victory over history". India Today. 4 March 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2015.

Bibliography

  • Mahan Kosh, Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha, pp 311.
  • Encyclopaedia of Sikhism, Prof. Harbans Singh vol 2 pp 416
  • The Sikh Ref Book, Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer p464 & p196
  • epaper.timesofindia.com. New Delhi: The Times of India. 8 July 2010. p. 15 http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArchiveView.asp?skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&GZ=T&CurrentPage=2&BaseHref=CAP%2F2010%2F07%2F08&PageSize=3&PageLabel=15. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • "Hazrat Shah Kamal Qadri Kaithaly". shah-kamal.com.
  • Pankaj Mishra (1 January 1995). Butter chicken in Ludhiana: travels in small town India. Penguin Books.
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