October 12

October 12 is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 80 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon (Julian calendar)
• 633 – King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by the British under Penda and Cadwallon.
• 1113 – The city of Oradea is first mentioned under the Latin name Varadinum.
• 1279 – Nichiren, the founder of Nichiren Buddhism, inscribes the Dai Gohonzon.
• 1398 – In the Treaty of Salynas, Lithuania cedes Samogitia to the Teutonic Knights.
• 1492 – Christopher Columbus's expedition makes landfall in the The Bahamas.
• 1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
• 1654 – The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100 people.
• 1692 – The Salem witch trials are ended by a letter from Massachusetts Governor Sir William Phips.
• 1748 – British and Spanish naval forces engage at the Battle of Havana during the War of Jenkins' Ear.
• 1773 – America's first insane asylum opens.
• 1792 – The first celebration of Columbus Day is held in New York City.
• 1793 – The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the U. S., is laid at the University of North Carolina.
• 1798 – Flemish and Luxembourgish peasants launch the rebellion against French rule known as the Peasants' War.
• 1799 – Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse becomes the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute.
• 1810 – First Oktoberfest: The citizens of Munich help celebrate the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig to Princess Therese.
• 1822 – Pedro I of Brazil is proclaimed the emperor of the Empire of Brazil.
• 1823 – Charles Macintosh of Scotland sells the first raincoat.
• 1847 – Werner von Siemens founds Siemens & Halske, which later becomes Siemens AG.
• 1849 – The city of Manizales, Colombia is founded by 'The Expedition of the 20'.
• 1871 – The British in India enact the Criminal Tribes Act, naming many local communities "Criminal Tribes".
• 1890 – Uddevalla Suffrage Association is formed.
• 1892 – The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited by students in many US public schools.
• 1901 – President Theodore Roosevelt officially renames the "Executive Mansion" to the White House.
• 1915 – World War I: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium
• 1917 – World War I: The First Battle of Passchendaele takes place resulting in the largest single day loss of life in New Zealand history.
• 1918 – A massive forest fire kills 453 people in Cloquet, Minnesota.
• 1928 – An iron lung respirator is used for the first time at Children's Hospital, Boston.
• 1933 – The military Alcatraz Citadel becomes the civilian Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary.
• 1942 – World War II: Japanese ships retreat after their defeat in the Battle of Cape Esperance.
• 1944 – World War II: The Axis occupation of Athens comes to an end.
• 1945 – World War II: Desmond Doss is the first conscientious objector to receive the U.S. Medal of Honor.
• 1959 – At the national congress of APRA in Peru a group of leftist radicals are expelled from the party who later form APRA Rebelde.
• 1960 – Cold War: Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe on a desk at the United Nations to protest a Philippine assertion.
• 1960 – Japan Socialist Party leader Inejiro Asanuma is stabbed to death during a live Television broadcast.
• 1962 – The Columbus Day Storm strikes the U.S. Pacific Northwest with record wind velocities; 46 dead and at least U.S. $230 million in damages.
• 1963 – After nearly 23 years of imprisonment, Reverend Walter Ciszek, a Jesuit missionary, was released from the Soviet Union.
• 1964 – The Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without space suits.
• 1968 – Equatorial Guinea becomes independent from Spain.
• 1970 – Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas
• 1971 – The 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire is held (until October 16).
• 1979 – The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, by Douglas Adams, is published.
• 1979 – The lowest recorded non-tornadic atmospheric pressure, 87.0 kPa (870 mbar or 25.69 inHg), occurred in the Western Pacific during Typhoon Tip.
• 1983 – Japan's former Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from Lockheed and is sentenced to four years in jail.
• 1984 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army fail to assassinate Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet. The bomb kills five people and wounds 31.
• 1984 – American actor Jon-Erik Hexum accidentally shoots himself with a prop gun. He dies six days later.
• 1986 – Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visit China.
• 1988 – Two officers of the Victoria Police are gunned down execution-style in the Walsh Street police shootings, Australia.
• 1992 – A 5.8 earthquake occurred in Cairo, Egypt. At least 510 died.
• 1994 – The Magellan spacecraft burns up in the atmosphere of Venus.
• 1997 – Sidi Daoud massacre in Algeria that killed 43 at a fake roadblock.
• 1998 – Matthew Shepard, a gay student at University of Wyoming, dies five days after he was beaten outside of Laramie, Wyoming.
• 1999 – Pervez Musharraf takes power in Pakistan from Nawaz Sharif through a bloodless coup.
• 1999 – The former Autonomous Soviet Republic of Abkhazia declares its independence from Georgia
• 2000 – The USS Cole is badly damaged in Aden, Yemen, by two suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39.
• 2002 – Terrorists detonate bombs in the Sari Club in Kuta, Bali, killing 202 and wounding over 300.
• 2005 – The second Chinese human spaceflight Shenzhou 6 launched carrying Fèi Jùnlóng and Niè Hǎishèng for five days in orbit.
• 2013 – Fifty-one people are killed after a truck veers off a cliff in La Convención Province, Peru.
• 2017 – The United States announces its decision to withdraw from UNESCO.^[1] and is immediately followed by Israel.
• 2018 – Princess Eugenie of York marries Jack Brooksbank at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.

Births

• 1008 – Go-Ichijō, emperor of Japan (d. 1036)
• 1240 – Trần Thánh Tông, emperor of Vietnam (then Đại Việt) (d. 1290)
• 1350 – Dmitri Donskoi, Grand Duke of Moscow (d. 1389)
• 1490 – Bernardo Pisano, Italian composer and priest (d. 1548)
• 1533 – Asakura Yoshikage, Japanese ruler (d. 1573)
• 1537 – Edward VI, king of England (d. 1553)
• 1555 – Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby, English diplomat (d. 1601)
• 1558 – Maximilian III, archduke of Austria (d. 1618)
• 1576 – Thomas Dudley, English-American soldier and politician, 3rd Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (d. 1653)
• 1602 – William Chillingworth, English scholar and theologian (d. 1644)
• 1614 – Henry More, English philosopher (d. 1687)
• 1687 – Sylvius Leopold Weiss, German lute player and composer (d. 1750)
• 1710 – Jonathan Trumbull, American colonel and politician, 16th Governor of Connecticut (d. 1785)
• 1725 – Étienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist (d. 1810)
• 1792 – Christian Gmelin, German chemist and pharmacist (d. 1860)
• 1798 – Pedro I, emperor of Brazil (d. 1834)
• 1801 – Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Swiss lawyer and politician, 5th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1873)
• 1815 – William J. Hardee, American general (d. 1873)
• 1838 – George Thorn, Australian politician, 6th Premier of Queensland (d. 1905)
• 1840 – Helena Modjeska, Polish-American actress (d. 1909)
• 1855 – Arthur Nikisch, Hungarian conductor and academic (d. 1922)
• 1860 – Elmer Ambrose Sperry, American engineer and businessman, co-invented the gyrocompass (d. 1930)
• 1865 – Arthur Harden, English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
• 1866 – Ramsay MacDonald, Scottish journalist and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1937)
• 1868 – August Horch, German engineer and businessman, founded Audi (d. 1951)
• 1868 – Mariano Trías, Filipino general and politician, 1st Vice President of the Philippines (d. 1914)
• 1872 – Ralph Vaughan Williams, English composer and educator (d. 1958)
• 1874 – Jimmy Burke, American baseball player and manager (d. 1942)
• 1875 – Aleister Crowley, English magician and author (d. 1947)
• 1878 – Truxtun Hare, American football player and hammer thrower (d. 1956)
• 1880 – Louis Hémon, French-Canadian author (d. 1913)
• 1891 – Edith Stein, Polish nun and martyr; later canonized (d. 1942)
• 1891 – Fumimaro Konoe, Japanese soldier and politician, 39th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1945)
• 1892 – Gilda dalla Rizza, Italian soprano and actress (d. 1975)
• 1893 – Velvalee Dickinson, American spy (d. 1980)
• 1894 – Elisabeth of Romania, queen consort of Greece (d. 1956)
• 1896 – Eugenio Montale, Italian poet and translator, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)
• 1903 – Josephine Hutchinson, American actress (d. 1998)
• 1904 – Lester Dent, American journalist and author (d. 1959)
• 1904 – Ding Ling, Chinese author and educator (d. 1986)
• 1906 – Joe Cronin, American baseball player and manager (d. 1984)
• 1906 – John Murray, American playwright and producer (d. 1984)
• 1906 – Piero Taruffi, Italian race car driver and motorcycle racer (d. 1988)
• 1908 – Paul Engle, American novelist, poet, playwright, and critic (d. 1991)
• 1908 – Ann Petry, American novelist (d. 1997)
• 1910 – Robert Fitzgerald, American poet, critic, and translator (d. 1985)
• 1910 – Malcolm Renfrew, American chemist and academic (d. 2013)
• 1911 – Vijay Merchant, Indian cricketer (d. 1987)
• 1913 – Alice Chetwynd Ley, English author and educator (d. 2004)
• 1914 – John E. Hodge, African-American chemist (d. 1996)
• 1916 – Alice Childress, American actress and playwright (d. 1994)
• 1916 – Lock Martin, American actor (d. 1959)
• 1917 – Roque Máspoli, Uruguayan footballer and manager (d. 2004)
• 1919 – Gilles Beaudoin, Canadian politician, 34th Mayor of Trois-Rivières (d. 2007)
• 1919 – Doris Miller, American chef and soldier (d. 1943)
• 1920 – Christopher Soames, English politician and diplomat, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d. 1987)
• 1921 – Art Clokey, American animator, producer, screenwriter, and voice actor, created Gumby (d. 2010)
• 1921 – Jaroslav Drobný, Czech-English tennis player and ice hockey player (d. 2001)
• 1921 – Logie Bruce Lockhart, Scottish rugby player and journalist
• 1922 – William H. Sullivan, American soldier and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the Philippines (d. 2013)
• 1923 – Jean Nidetch, American businesswoman, co-founded Weight Watchers (d. 2015)
• 1923 – Goody Petronelli, American boxer, trainer, and manager (d. 2012)
• 1924 – Leonidas Kyrkos, Greek politician (d. 2011)
• 1925 – Denis Lazure, Canadian psychiatrist and politician (d. 2008)
• 1928 – Al Held, American painter and academic (d. 2005)
• 1928 – Domna Samiou, Greek singer and musicologist (d. 2012)
• 1929 – Nappy Brown, American R&B singer-songwriter (d. 2008)
• 1929 – Robert Coles, American psychologist, author, and academic
• 1929 – Magnus Magnusson, Icelandic journalist and academic (d. 2007)
• 1930 – Denis Brodeur, Canadian ice hockey player and photographer (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Milica Kacin Wohinz, Slovenian historian and author
• 1931 – Ole-Johan Dahl, Norwegian computer scientist and academic, co-developed Simula (d. 2002)
• 1932 – Dick Gregory, American comedian, actor, and author (d. 2017)
• 1932 – Ned Jarrett, American race car driver and sportscaster
• 1932 – John Moffat, Danish physicist and academic
• 1933 – Guido Molinari, Canadian painter and art collector (d. 2004)
• 1934 – James "Sugar Boy" Crawford, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2012)
• 1934 – Richard Meier, American architect, designed the Getty Center and City Tower
• 1934 – Albert Shiryaev, Russian mathematician and academic
• 1934 – Oğuz Atay, Turkish engineer and author (d. 1977)
• 1935 – Don Howe, English footballer and manager (d. 2015)
• 1935 – Tony Kubek, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1935 – Sam Moore, American soul singer-songwriter (Sam & Dave)
• 1935 – Shivraj Patil, Indian lawyer and politician, Indian Minister of Defence
• 1935 – Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor and actor (d. 2007)
• 1937 – Paul Hawkins, Australian race car driver (d. 1969)
• 1937 – Robert Mangold, American painter
• 1941 – Michael Mansfield, English lawyer, academic, and republican
• 1942 – Melvin Franklin, American soul bass singer (The Temptations) (d. 1995)
• 1943 – Kostas Tsakonas, Greek actor (d. 2015)
• 1944 – Angela Rippon, English journalist and author
• 1945 – Aurore Clément, French actress
• 1946 – Drew Edmondson, American politician
• 1946 – Ashok Mankad, Indian cricketer (d. 2008)
• 1946 – Daryl Runswick, English bassist and composer
• 1947 – Chris Wallace, American journalist
• 1948 – John Engler, American businessman and politician, 46th Governor of Michigan
• 1948 – Rick Parfitt, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016)
• 1949 – Dave Lloyd, English cyclist and coach
• 1949 – Carlos the Jackal, Venezuelan terrorist and murderer
• 1949 – Paul Went, English footballer and manager (d. 2017)
• 1950 – Susan Anton, American actress and model
• 1950 – Dave Freudenthal, American economist and politician, 31st Governor of Wyoming
• 1951 – Sally Little, South African-American golfer
• 1951 – Ed Royce, American businessman and politician
• 1951 – Norio Suzuki, Japanese golfer
• 1952 – Béla Csécsei, Hungarian educator and politician (d. 2012)
• 1952 – Roger Heath-Brown, English mathematician and theorist
• 1953 – Les Dennis, English comedian and actor
• 1953 – David Threlfall, English actor and director
• 1954 – Massimo Ghini, Italian actor
• 1954 – Michael Roe, American singer, songwriter, and record producer
• 1954 – Linval Thompson, Jamaican singer and producer
• 1955 – Einar Jan Aas, Norwegian footballer
• 1955 – Pat DiNizio, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017)
• 1955 – Ante Gotovina, Croatian general
• 1955 – Jane Siberry, Canadian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1956 – Rafael Ábalos, Spanish author
• 1956 – Allan Evans, Scottish footballer
• 1956 – Lutz Haueisen, German cyclist
• 1956 – Catherine Holmes, Australian judge
• 1956 – Gerti Schanderl, German figure skater
• 1956 – David Vanian, English singer-songwriter
• 1957 – Clémentine Célarié, French actress, singer, and director
• 1957 – Serge Clerc, French comic book artist and illustrator
• 1957 – Mike Dowler, Welsh football goalkeeper
• 1957 – Annik Honoré, Belgian journalist and music promoter (d. 2014)
• 1957 – William F. Laurance, Australian biologist
• 1958 – Steve Austria, American lawyer and politician
• 1958 – Maria de Fátima Silva de Sequeira Dias, Portuguese historian, author, and academic (d. 2013)
• 1958 – Jeff Keith, American rock singer-songwriter (Tesla)
• 1958 – Bryn Merrick, Welsh bass player (d. 2015)
• 1959 – Anna Escobedo Cabral, American lawyer and politician, 42nd Treasurer of the United States
• 1960 – Steve Lowery, American golfer
• 1960 – Carlo Perrone, Italian footballer and manager
• 1961 – Chendo, Spanish footballer
• 1962 – Carlos Bernard, American actor and director
• 1962 – Chris Botti, American trumpet player and composer
• 1962 – John Coleman, English footballer and manager
• 1962 – Branko Crvenkovski, Macedonian engineer and politician, 3rd President of the Republic of Macedonia
• 1962 – Deborah Foreman, American actress and photographer
• 1962 – Mads Eriksen, Norwegian guitarist and composer
• 1963 – Raimond Aumann, German footballer
• 1963 – Hideki Fujisawa, Japanese composer
• 1963 – Satoshi Kon, Japanese animator and screenwriter (d. 2010)
• 1963 – Dave Legeno, English actor and mixed martial artist (d. 2014)
• 1963 – Alan McDonald, Irish footballer and manager (d. 2012)
• 1963 – Luis Polonia, Dominican baseball player
• 1965 – Dan Abnett, English author
• 1965 – J. J. Daigneault, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1965 – Scott O'Grady, American captain and pilot
• 1966 – Jonathan Crombie, Canadian actor and voice over artist (d. 2015)
• 1966 – Wim Jonk, Dutch footballer
• 1966 – Brian Kennedy, Northern Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1966 – Brenda Romero, American game designer
• 1967 – Becky Iverson, American golfer
• 1968 – Bill Auberlen, American race car driver
• 1968 – Paul Harragon, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
• 1968 – Hugh Jackman, Australian actor, singer, and producer
• 1968 – Leon Lett, American football player
• 1969 – Martie Maguire, American singer-songwriter, violinist, and producer
• 1969 – Željko Milinovič, Slovenian footballer
• 1969 – Dwayne Roloson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1969 – José Valentín, American baseball player, coach, and manager
• 1970 – Kirk Cameron, American actor, screenwriter, and Christian evangelical/anti-evolution activist
• 1970 – Patrick Musimu, Belgian diver and physiotherapist (d. 2011)
• 1970 – Tanyon Sturtze, American baseball player
• 1970 – Charlie Ward, American basketball player and coach
• 1971 – Tony Fiore, American baseball player
• 1971 – Steve Johnston, Australian motorcycle racer
• 1971 – Bronzell Miller, American football player and actor (d. 2013)
• 1972 – Neriah Davis, American model and actress
• 1972 – Juan Manuel Silva, Argentinian race car driver
• 1972 – Tom Van Mol, Belgian footballer
• 1973 – Lesli Brea, Dominican baseball player
• 1973 – Martin Corry, English rugby player
• 1974 – Stephen Lee, English snooker player
• 1975 – Susana Félix, Portuguese singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1975 – Marion Jones, American basketball player and runner
• 1977 – Cristie Kerr, American golfer
• 1977 – Bode Miller, American skier
• 1977 – Javier Toyo, Venezuelan footballer
• 1978 – Stefan Binder, German footballer
• 1978 – Baden Cooke, Australian cyclist
• 1979 – Steven Agnew, Northern Irish politician
• 1979 – Steve Borthwick, English rugby player
• 1979 – Jordan Pundik, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1980 – Ledley King, English footballer
• 1981 – Tom Guiry, American actor
• 1981 – Brian Kerr, Scottish football player and manager
• 1981 – Giuseppe Lanzone, American rower
• 1981 – Conrad Smith, New Zealand rugby player
• 1981 – Sun Tiantian, Chinese tennis player
• 1983 – Alex Brosque, Australian footballer
• 1983 – Carlton Cole, English footballer
• 1983 – Mariko Yamamoto, Japanese cricketer
• 1985 – Michelle Carter, American shot putter
• 1985 – Mike Green, Canadian hockey player
• 1985 – Anna Iljuštšenko, Estonian high jumper
• 1986 – Ioannis Maniatis, Greek footballer
• 1986 – Sergio Peter, German footballer
• 1986 – Tyler Blackburn, American actor
• 1987 – Marvin Ogunjimi, Belgian footballer
• 1988 – Sam Whitelock, New Zealand rugby player
• 1988 – Calum Scott, British singer
• 1989 – Anna Ohmiya, Japanese curler
• 1990 – Henri Lansbury, English footballer
• 1991 – Nicolao Dumitru, Italian footballer
• 1992 – Josh Hutcherson, American actor and producer
• 1994 – Alex Katz, American baseball player
• 1994 – Sean Monahan, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1994 – Olivia Smoliga, American swimmer
• 1996 – Riechedly Bazoer, Dutch footballer
• 1996 – James Graham, British singer
• 1997 – Curtis Scott, Australian rugby league player
• 2002 – Iris Apatow, American actress
• 2004 – Darci Lynne Farmer, American ventriloquist

Deaths

• 322 BC – Demosthenes, Athenian statesman, (b. 384 BC)
• 638 – Honorius I, pope of the Catholic Church
• 642 – John IV, pope of the Catholic Church
• 884 – Tsunesada, Japanese prince (b. 825)
• 1095 – Leopold II, margrave of Austria (b. 1050)
• 1152 – Adolf III of Berg, German nobleman (b. 1080)
• 1176 – William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel, English politician (b. 1109)
• 1320 – Michael IX Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1277)
• 1328 – Clementia of Hungary, queen consort of France and Navarre (b. 1293)
• 1448 – Zhu Quan, Chinese prince, historian and playwright (b. 1378)
• 1491 – Fritz Herlen, German painter (b. 1449)
• 1492 – Piero della Francesca, Italian mathematician and painter (b. 1415)
• 1565 – Jean Ribault, French-American lieutenant and navigator (b. 1520)
• 1576 – Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1527)
• 1590 – Kanō Eitoku, Japanese painter and educator (b. 1543)
• 1600 – Luis de Molina, Spanish priest and philosopher (b. 1535)
• 1601 – Nicholas Brend, English landowner (b. 1560)
• 1632 – Kutsuki Mototsuna, Japanese commander (b. 1549)
• 1646 – François de Bassompierre, French general and courtier (b. 1579)
• 1654 – Carel Fabritius, Dutch painter (b. 1622)
• 1678 – Edmund Berry Godfrey, English lawyer and judge (b. 1621)
• 1679 – William Gurnall, English minister, theologian, and author (b. 1617)
• 1685 – Christoph Ignaz Abele, Austrian lawyer and jurist (b. 1628)
• 1730 – Frederick IV, king of Denmark and Norway (b. 1671)
• 1758 – Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth, Irish field marshal and politician (b. 1680)
• 1812 – Juan José Castelli, Argentinian lawyer and politician (b. 1764)
• 1845 – Elizabeth Fry, English nurse and philanthropist (b. 1780)
• 1858 – Hiroshige, Japanese painter (b. 1797)
• 1870 – Robert E. Lee, American general (b. 1807)
• 1875 – Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, French sculptor and painter (b. 1827)
• 1896 – Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs, Danish lawyer and politician, 9th Council President of Denmark (b. 1817)
• 1898 – Calvin Fairbank, American minister and activist (b. 1816)
• 1914 – Margaret E. Knight, American inventor (b. 1838)
• 1915 – Edith Cavell, English nurse (b. 1865)
• 1923 – Bunny Lucas, English cricketer (b. 1857)
• 1924 – Anatole France, French journalist, novelist, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1844)
• 1926 – Edwin Abbott Abbott, English theologian and author (b. 1838)
• 1933 – John Lister, English philanthropist and politician (b. 1847)
• 1940 – Tom Mix, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1880)
• 1946 – Joseph Stilwell, American general (b. 1883)
• 1948 – Susan Sutherland Isaacs, English psychologist and psychoanalyst (b. 1885)
• 1954 – George Welch, American soldier and pilot (b. 1918)
• 1956 – Lorenzo Perosi, Italian composer and painter (b. 1872)
• 1957 – Arie de Jong, Indonesian-Dutch linguist and physician (b. 1865)
• 1958 – Gordon Griffith, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1907)
• 1960 – Inejiro Asanuma, Japanese lawyer and politician (b. 1898)
• 1965 – Paul Hermann Müller, Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
• 1967 – Ram Manohar Lohia, Indian activist and politician (b. 1910)
• 1969 – Sonja Henie, Norwegian figure skater and actress (b. 1912)
• 1969 – Serge Poliakoff, Russian-French painter and academic (b. 1906)
• 1969 – Julius Saaristo, Finnish javelin thrower and soldier (b. 1891)
• 1970 – Feodor Stepanovich Rojankovsky, Russian-American illustrator and painter (b. 1891)
• 1970 – Mustafa Zaidi, Pakistani poet and academic (b. 1930)
• 1971 – Dean Acheson, American lawyer and politician, 51st United States Secretary of State (b. 1893)
• 1971 – Gene Vincent, American musician (b. 1935)
• 1972 – Robert Le Vigan, French-Argentinian actor and politician (b. 1900)
• 1973 – Peter Aufschnaiter, Austrian mountaineer, geographer, and cartographer (b. 1899)
• 1978 – Nancy Spungen, American figure of the 1970s punk rock scene (b. 1958)
• 1984 – Anthony Berry, English politician (b. 1925)
• 1985 – Johnny Olson, American radio host and game show announcer (b. 1910)
• 1985 – Ricky Wilson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1953)
• 1987 – Alf Landon, American lieutenant and politician, 26th Governor of Kansas (b. 1887)
• 1987 – Fahri Korutürk, Turkish commander and politician, 6th President of Turkey (b. 1903)
• 1988 – Ruth Manning-Sanders, Welsh-English poet and author (b. 1886)
• 1988 – Coby Whitmore, American painter and illustrator (b. 1913)
• 1989 – Jay Ward, American animator, producer, and screenwriter, founded Jay Ward Productions (b. 1920)
• 1990 – Rifaat el-Mahgoub, Egyptian politician (b. 1926)
• 1990 – Peter Wessel Zapffe, Norwegian physician, mountaineer, and author (b. 1899)
• 1991 – Sheila Florance, Australian actress (b. 1916)
• 1991 – Arkady Strugatsky, Russian author and translator (b. 1925)
• 1991 – Regis Toomey, American actor (b. 1898)
• 1993 – Leon Ames, American actor (b. 1902)
• 1994 – Gérald Godin, Canadian journalist and politician (b. 1938)
• 1996 – René Lacoste, French tennis player and fashion designer, co-founded Lacoste (b. 1904)
• 1996 – Roger Lapébie, French cyclist (b. 1911)
• 1997 – John Denver, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (b. 1943)
• 1998 – Mario Beaulieu, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1930)
• 1998 – Matthew Shepard, American murder victim (b. 1976)
• 1999 – Wilt Chamberlain, American basketball player and coach (b. 1936)
• 1999 – Robert Marsden Hope, Australian lawyer and judge (b. 1919)
• 2001 – Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, English academic and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1907)
• 2001 – Hikmet Şimşek, Turkish conductor (b. 1924)
• 2001 – Richard Buckle, Ballet critic and writer (b. 1916)
• 2002 – Ray Conniff, American bandleader and composer (b. 1916)
• 2002 – Audrey Mestre, French biologist and diver (b. 1974)
• 2003 – Jim Cairns, Australian economist and politician, 4th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1914)
• 2003 – Joan Kroc, American philanthropist (b. 1928)
• 2003 – Bill Shoemaker, American jockey (b. 1931)
• 2005 – C. Delores Tucker, American activist and politician (b. 1927)
• 2006 – Eugène Martin, French race car driver (b. 1915)
• 2006 – Gillo Pontecorvo, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1919)
• 2007 – Kisho Kurokawa, Japanese architect, designed the Nakagin Capsule Tower (b. 1934)
• 2008 – Karl Chircop, Maltese physician and politician (b. 1965)
• 2009 – Dickie Peterson American singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1948)
• 2009 – Frank Vandenbroucke, Belgian cyclist (b. 1974)
• 2010 – Austin Ardill, Northern Irish soldier and politician (b. 1917)
• 2010 – Woody Peoples, American football player (b. 1943)
• 2010 – Belva Plain, American author (b. 1919)
• 2011 – Patricia Breslin, American actress (b. 1931)
• 2011 – Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist, created the C programming language (b. 1941)
• 2012 – James Coyne, Canadian lawyer and banker, 2nd Governor of the Bank of Canada (b. 1910)
• 2012 – Norm Grabowski, American hot rod builder and actor (b. 1933)
• 2012 – Sukhdev Singh Kang, Indian judge and politician, 14th Governor of Kerala (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Torkom Manoogian, Iraqi-Armenian patriarch (b. 1919)
• 2012 – Erik Moseholm, Danish bassist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Břetislav Pojar, Czech animator, director, and screenwriter (b. 1923)
• 2013 – George Herbig, American astronomer and academic (b. 1920)
• 2013 – Oscar Hijuelos, American author and academic (b. 1951)
• 2013 – Hans Wilhelm Longva, Norwegian diplomat (b. 1942)
• 2013 – Malcolm Renfrew, American chemist and academic (b. 1910)
• 2014 – Ali Mazrui, Kenyan-American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Graham Miles, English snooker player (b. 1941)
• 2014 – Roberto Telch, Argentinian footballer and coach (b. 1943)
• 2015 – Abdallah Kigoda, Tanzanian politician, 8th Tanzanian Minister of Industry and Trade (b. 1953)
• 2015 – Joan Leslie, American actress, dancer, and vaudevillian (b. 1925)

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Blessed Louis Brisson
  • Edith Cavell and Elizabeth Fry (Church of England)
  • Fiacc
  • Our Lady of the Pillar (Fiestas del Pilar)
  • Our Lady of Aparecida
  • Radim Gaudentius (Czech Republic)
  • Seraphin of Montegranaro
  • Wilfrid of Ripon
  • October 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Children's Day (Brazil)
• Discovery of America by Columbus-related observances (see also October 8):
  • Columbus Day (Honduras)
  • Descubrimiento de América (Mexico)
  • Día de la Hispanidad or Fiesta Nacional de España, also Armed Forces Day (Spain)
  • Día de la Raza (El Salvador, Uruguay)
  • Día de la Resistencia Indígena, "Day of Indigenous Resistance" (Venezuela)
  • Día de las Américas (Belize)
  • Día de las Culturas, "Day of the Cultures" (Costa Rica)
  • Día del Respeto a la Diversidad Cultural, "Day of respect for cultural diversity" (Argentina)
• Discovery Day (The Bahamas, Colombia)
• Feast for Life of Aleister Crowley, celebrated as "Crowleymas" (Thelema)
• Fiesta Nacional de España (Spain)
• Independence Day (Equatorial Guinea), celebrates the independence of Equatorial Guinea from Spain in 1968.
• UN Spanish Language Day (United Nations)

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to October 12.

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• Today in Canadian History