電車

See also: 电车

Chinese
electric; electricity; electrical
 
vehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe
trad. (電車) 電 車
simp. (电车) 电 车
電車 (1)
電車 (2)

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 電車 (でんしゃ) (densha, “tram”)

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 電 車
Reading # 1/1 2/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 昌 (24)
Final (韻) 先 (85) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV III
Fanqie 堂練切 尺遮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /denH/ /t͡ɕʰia/
Pan
Wuyun		 /denH/ /t͡ɕʰia/
Shao
Rongfen		 /dɛnH/ /t͡ɕʰia/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /dɛnH/ /cʰia/
Li
Rong		 /denH/ /t͡ɕʰia/
Wang
Li		 /dienH/ /t͡ɕʰĭa/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱienH/ /t͡ɕʰi̯a/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 diàn chē
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 電 車
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 diàn chē
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ denH › ‹ tsyhæ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*lˁi[n]-s/ /*[t.qʰ](r)A/
English lightning chariot

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 電 車
Reading # 1/1 1/2
No. 11233 1311
Phonetic
component		 申 車
Rime
group		 眞 魚
Rime
subdivision		 1 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 電 車
Old
Chinese		 /*l'iːns/ /*kʰlja/

Noun

電車

  1. tram; streetcar
  2. (Taiwan) electric multiple unit train
  3. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, dated) automobile; motor car; sedan
  4. (literary) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    輜車騎寇。一名電車，兵法謂之電擊。 [MSC, trad.]
    辎车骑寇。一名电车，兵法谓之电击。 [MSC, simp.]
    From: 《六韜•軍用》
    Zīchē qíkòu. Yīmíng diànchē, bīngfǎ wèi zhī diànjī. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 汽車 (“car, motor vehicle”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 汽車
Mandarin Beijing 汽車
Taiwan 汽車
Jinan 汽車
Xi'an 汽車
Wuhan 汽車
Chengdu 汽車
Yangzhou 汽車
Hefei 汽車
Cantonese Guangzhou 汽車, 車
Hong Kong 汽車, 車
Taishan 汽車
Yangjiang 汽車
Gan Nanchang 汽車
Hakka Meixian 汽車
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 汽車, 自動車
Liudui (S. Sixian) 汽車, 自動車
Hsinchu (Hailu) 汽車, 自動車
Dongshi (Dabu) 汽車, 自動車
Hsinchu (Raoping) 汽車, 自動車
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 汽車, 自動車
Jin Taiyuan 汽車
Min Bei Jian'ou 汽車
Min Dong Fuzhou 汽車
Min Nan Xiamen 汽車, 風車, 大車, 電車 dated
Quanzhou 汽車, 風車, 大車
Zhangzhou 汽車, 大車, 電車 dated
Taipei 自動車
Kaohsiung 自動車, 動車
Tainan 自動車
Taichung 汽車, 自動車
Hsinchu 自動車
Lukang 自動車
Sanxia 自動車
Yilan 自動車
Kinmen 汽車
Magong 自動車, 汽車
Penang 車
Singapore 風車
Philippines (Manila) 風車
Chaozhou 汽車, 羅里
Wu Suzhou 汽車
Wenzhou 汽車
Xiang Changsha 汽車
Shuangfeng 汽車

Derived terms
  • 單軌引導電車／单轨引导电车
  • 懸空電車／悬空电车

Japanese
電車 (densha): an electric multiple unit train.

Etymology
Kanji in this term
電 車
でん
Grade: 2		 しゃ
Grade: 1
on’yomi

電 (den, “electric”) +‎ 車 (sha, “vehicle”)

Pronunciation
  • On’yomi: Goon
  • Audio 2(file)

Noun

電車 (hiragana でんしゃ, rōmaji densha)

  1. an electric multiple unit train

Derived terms
  • 電車賃 (でんしゃちん) (denshachin): tram-fare, railroad fare
  • 電車運転士 (でんしゃうんてんし) (densha untenshi): train driver

Descendants

References
  • 2000, Jonathan Bunt, Gillian Hall, The Oxford Starter Japanese Dictionary, First Edition, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
電車

Noun

電車 • (jeoncha) (hangeul 전차)

  1. Hanja form? of 전차 (“streetcar, trolley, tram”).
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