降

降 U+964D, 降
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-964D
← 陌
[U+964C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 陎 →
[U+964E]

Translingual

Alternative forms

Two Unicode z-code variants, at code points U+964D (main) and U+FA09 (alt).

Han character

降 (radical 170, 阜+6 in Chinese, 阜+7 in Japanese, 9 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓中竹水手 (NLHEQ), four-corner 77254, composition ⿰阝夅)

Derived terms

References

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 降
variant forms 𫱔 (kiung) Hakka

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (夅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
贛 *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms
灨 *kluːmʔ, *kluːms
竷 *kʰluːms
戇 *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms
洚 *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ, *ɡloːŋ, *ɡluːŋ
降 *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ
絳 *kruːŋs
栙 *ɡruːŋ
夅 *ɡruːŋ
跭 *ɡruːŋ
隆 *ɡ·ruːŋ
癃 *ɡ·ruːŋ
窿 *ɡ·ruːŋ
霳 *ɡ·ruːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ) : semantic 阝 (“hill, wall”) + phonetic 夅 (OC *ɡruːŋ, “descend”) – descending a hill.

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • kiung - only in the sense “to give birth”;
  • kong - all other senses.
Rime
Character 降
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 江 (9)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古巷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠʌŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚɔŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɔŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨwŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kɔŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kɔŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɔŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiàng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 降
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæwngH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁruŋ-s/ (? < *-[u]m-s)
English descend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 降
Reading # 1/2
No. 6279
Phonetic
component		 夅
Rime
group		 終
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 絳
Old
Chinese		 /*kruːŋs/

Definitions

降

  1. to fall; to drop; to descend; to come down
    降落  ―  jiàngluò  ―  to fall; to land
  2. (honorific) to visit; to honour with one's presence
  3. to bestow; to confer
    天降喪亂，饑饉薦臻。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    天降丧乱，饥馑荐臻。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Tiān jiàng sāngluàn, jījǐn jiànzhēn. [Pinyin]
    That Heaven [thus] sends down death and disorder?
    Famine comes again and again.
  4. to reduce; to decrease; to lower
  5. (music) flat (♭)
  6. to be born
  7. (Hakka) to give birth
  8. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 降

Pronunciation 2
Rime
Character 降
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 江 (9)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 下江切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠʌŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚɔŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɔŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaɨwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɔŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɔŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɔŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiáng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 降
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiáng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hæwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-kˁru[ŋ]/ (? < *-[u]m)
English submit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 降
Reading # 2/2
No. 6281
Phonetic
component		 夅
Rime
group		 終
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 栙
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡruːŋ/

Definitions

降

  1. to surrender; to capitulate; to give in
    投降  ―  tóuxiáng  ―  to surrender
  2. to subdue; to vanquish

Compounds
Derived terms from 降

Japanese

Kanji
降

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. descend
  2. precipitate
  3. fall
  4. surrender

Readings

Derived terms

Korean

Etymology 1

Middle Chinese *kɣʌŋH.

Hanja

降 • (gang)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 강 (revised: gang, McCune–Reischauer: kang, Yale: kang)
    • Name (hangeul): 내릴 강
  1. descent; descending
Derived terms
  • 강단하다 (降壇하다, gangdanhada, “step down from a platform”)

Etymology 2

Middle Chinese *ɦɣʌŋ.

Hanja

降 • (hang)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 항 (revised: hang, McCune–Reischauer: hang)
    • Name (hangeul): 항복할 항
  1. surrender
Derived terms
  • 항복

Vietnamese

Han character

降 (giáng, giuống, hàng, nháng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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