窿

窿	U+7ABF, 窿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7ABF

← 窾
[U+7ABE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

竀 →
[U+7AC0]

Translingual

Han character

窿 (radical 116, 穴+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 十金弓中一 (JCNLM), four-corner 3021₄, composition ⿱穴隆)

mineshaft
cavity, hole

References

KangXi: page 868, character 30

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25660

Dae Jaweon: page 1297, character 37

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2741, character 14

Unihan data for U+7ABF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		窿

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (夅) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
贛	kluːmʔ, kluːms, kromʔ, kloːms
灨	kluːmʔ, kluːms
竷	*kʰluːms
戇	kr'oːms, qʰloːms
洚	kruːŋs, ɡruːŋ, ɡloːŋ, ɡluːŋ
降	kruːŋs, ɡruːŋ
絳	*kruːŋs
栙	*ɡruːŋ
夅	*ɡruːŋ
跭	*ɡruːŋ
隆	*ɡ·ruːŋ
癃	*ɡ·ruːŋ
窿	*ɡ·ruːŋ
霳	*ɡ·ruːŋ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lóng (long²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lung⁴, lung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lùng
Min Nan (POJ): long

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˊ
  - Wade–Giles: lung²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: long
  - IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lung⁴, lung¹
  - Yale: lùhng, lūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lung⁴, lung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: lung⁴, lung¹
  - IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ²¹/, /lʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: lungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lung²
  - IPA: /luŋ¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: long
  - Tâi-lô: long
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /lɨuŋ/▼

Rime
Character	窿
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力中切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/liuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luwŋ/
Li Rong	/liuŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lóng

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·ruːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	窿
Reading #	1/1
No.	6288
Phonetic component	夅
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	隆
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·ruːŋ/

Definitions

窿

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		孔, 洞, 穴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴
Mandarin	Beijing	窟窿
	Jinan	窟窿
	Xi'an	窟窿子, 窟窿
	Wuhan	窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞
	Chengdu	窟窿, 洞洞, 洞
	Yangzhou	洞
	Hefei	窟窿, 洞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	窿, 咕窿
Cantonese	Hong Kong	窿, 咕窿
Gan	Nanchang	洞
Hakka	Meixian	窿仔, 窿空仔
Jin	Taiyuan	窟窿, 窟子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	川
Min Dong	Fuzhou	空空
Min Nan	Xiamen	空, 空口
	Quanzhou	空
	Zhangzhou	空口
	Taipei	空
	Philippines (Manila)	空
	Chaozhou	空
Wu	Suzhou	洞
Wu	Wenzhou	洞, 窟, 窟窿
Xiang	Changsha	洞
Xiang	Shuangfeng	眼貢, 洞

Compounds

填窟窿
拉窟窿
捅窟窿

穹窿
穿窿
窟窿 (kūlong)

窟窿眼兒／窟窿眼儿
鼻哥窿

References

“窿”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

窿

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): りゅう (ryū), りゅ (ryu)

Kun: ゆみなり (yuminari)

Korean

Hanja

窿 • (ryung>yung) (hangeul 륭>융, revised ryung>yung, McCune–Reischauer ryung>yung, Yale lyung>yung)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

窿 (lung, lọn)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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