閑

See also: 闲, 閒, and 間

閑	U+9591, 閑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9591

← 閐
[U+9590]

CJK Unified Ideographs

閒 →
[U+9592]

Translingual

Han character

閑 (radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓木 (AND), four-corner 7790₄, composition ⿵門木)

Descendants

𛀟

References

KangXi: page 1332, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41247
Dae Jaweon: page 1837, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4287, character 3
Unihan data for U+9591

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (閑) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
閑	*ɡreːn
嫻	*ɡreːn
鷴	*ɡreːn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡreːn) : 門 (“door”) + 木 (“wood”).

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 閑 – see 閒 (“not busy; idle; vacant; unoccupied; unused; etc.”). (This character, 閑, is a variant traditional form of 閒.)

Etymology 2

trad.		閑
simp.		闲^*

Related to 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “railing; balustrade”), 欄 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “fence; railing”) and 攔 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “to obstruct”), and perhaps related to 練 (OC *ɡ·reːns, “to train”) (Schuessler, 2007). External comparanda may include Burmese ရန်း (ran:, “to erect railings, barriers”) or Mizo khâr (“to shut; to close; to shut off”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xián (xian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xián
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: hsien²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haan⁴
  - Yale: hàahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: han⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /häːn²¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛn/▼

Rime
Character	閑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸閒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨn/
Li Rong	/ɣɛn/
Wang Li	/ɣæn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤra[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閑	閑
Reading #	4/4	3/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛn ›	‹ hɛn ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁra[n]/	/*[ɡ]ˁra[n]/
English	bar, barrier	well-trained
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閑
Reading #	1/1
No.	13531
Phonetic component	閑
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	閑
Old Chinese	/*ɡreːn/

Definitions

閑

^† fence; bar; railings
^† stable (building for horses)
^† rule; law; limit; norm
^† to restrict; to restrain
^† Alternative form of 嫻／娴 (xián, “to be familiar; to be skilled; to be practised”).
^† to block; to guard against
4th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "barrier" (𝌉)

Compounds

不閑／不闲
心閑／心闲
明媚閑雅／明媚闲雅
熟閑／熟闲

舉止閑冶／举止闲冶
蕩檢踰閑／荡检踰闲
踰閑／踰闲
踰閑蕩檢／踰闲荡检

閑邪存誠／闲邪存诚
閑雅／闲雅
防閑／防闲

Etymology 3

Probably cognate with 介 (OC *kreːds, “to increase; to become great”) and perhaps derived from 嘏 (OC *kraːʔ, “large; great”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xián (xian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xián
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: hsien²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haan⁴
  - Yale: hàahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: han⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /häːn²¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛn/▼

Rime
Character	閑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸閒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨn/
Li Rong	/ɣɛn/
Wang Li	/ɣæn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤra[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閑
Reading #	2/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛn ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁra[n]/
English	great; large-minded
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閑
Reading #	1/1
No.	13531
Phonetic component	閑
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	閑
Old Chinese	/*ɡreːn/

Definitions

閑

^† large; great
- 松桷有梴，旅楹有閑，寢成孔安。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  松桷有梴，旅楹有闲，寝成孔安。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Sōngjué yǒu chān, lǚyíng yǒu xián, qǐn chéng kǒng ān. [Pinyin]
  Long are the projecting beams of pine;
  Large are the many pillars.
  The temple was completed, – the tranquil abode [of his tablet].

Japanese

Kanji

閑

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: げん (gen)
Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
Kun: ひま (hima, 閑); しずか (shizuka, 閑か); ならう (narau, 閑う); しきり (shikiri)

Compounds

閑人/暇人 (ひまじん, himajin)

Korean

Hanja

閑 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)

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Vietnamese

Han character

閑 (nhàn, hèn)

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