過ぎる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 過 |
| す Grade: 5 |
| kun’yomi |
Verb
過ぎる (intransitive, ichidan conjugation, hiragana すぎる, rōmaji sugiru)
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 過ごす |
| mediopassive | 過ぎる |
- to pass; to go beyond
- あの子もおもちゃで遊ぶ年は過ぎるころだ。
- Ano ko mo omocha de asobu toshi wa sugiru koro da.
- He will soon be past playing with toys.
- あの子もおもちゃで遊ぶ年は過ぎるころだ。
- to elapse; to exceed
- あれから半年が過ぎた。
- Are kara hannen ga sugita.
- Half a year had passed since it had happened.
- あれから半年が過ぎた。
- (auxiliary) too, too much (verb)
- その靴は高すぎる。
- Sono kutsu wa takasugiru.
- These shoes are too expensive.
- 大きすぎるからトランクに入らないぞ。
- Ōkisugiru kara toranku ni hairanai zo.
- Dude, it isn't going to fit into the trunk because it's too big.
- あまり酒を飲み過ぎるのは、危険だ。
- Amari sake o nomisugiru no wa, kiken da.
- It is dangerous to drink too much.
- その靴は高すぎる。
Usage notes
- When used as an auxiliary, it is usually written in kana: すぎる (sugiru).
- Can also be attached to adjectives in some situations
- When すぎる (sugiru) is attached to the end of other verbs and adjectives is denotes the meaning of "too much".
- (verbs) The verb is directly attached to the stem or the continuative form (連用形 (ren'yōkei)) of the verb:
- (na-adjectives) The verb is simply attached to the adjectives:
- 静かすぎる (shizukasugiru); too quiet.
- (i-adjectives) The last い (i) is removed before attaching the verb:
Conjugation
Conjugation of "過ぎる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 過ぎ | すぎ | sugi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 過ぎ | すぎ | sugi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 過ぎる | すぎる | sugiru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 過ぎる | すぎる | sugiru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 過ぎれ | すぎれ | sugire | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 過ぎよ¹ 過ぎろ² |
すぎよ¹ すぎろ² |
sugiyo¹ sugiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 過ぎられる | すぎられる | sugirareru | |
| Causative | 過ぎさせる 過ぎさす |
すぎさせる すぎさす |
sugisaseru sugisasu | |
| Potential | 過ぎられる 過ぎれる³ |
すぎられる すぎれる³ |
sugirareru sugireru³ | |
| Volitional | 過ぎよう | すぎよう | sugiyō | |
| Negative | 過ぎない 過ぎぬ 過ぎん |
すぎない すぎぬ すぎん |
suginai suginu sugin | |
| Negative continuative | 過ぎず | すぎず | sugizu | |
| Formal | 過ぎます | すぎます | sugimasu | |
| Perfective | 過ぎた | すぎた | sugita | |
| Conjunctive | 過ぎて | すぎて | sugite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 過ぎれば | すぎれば | sugireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Classical conjugation of "過ぐ" (ガ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 過ぎ | すぎ | sugi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 過ぎ | すぎ | sugi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 過ぐ | すぐ | sugu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 過ぐる | すぐる | suguru |
| Realis (已然形) | 過ぐれ | すぐれ | sugure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 過ぎよ | すぎよ | sugiyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 過ぎず | すぎず | sugizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 過ぐれど | すぐれど | suguredo |
| Causal conjunction | 過ぐれば | すぐれば | sugureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 過ぎば | すぎば | sugiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 過ぎき | すぎき | sugiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 過ぎけり | すぎけり | sugikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 過ぎつ | すぎつ | sugitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 過ぎぬ | すぎぬ | suginu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 過ぎたり | すぎたり | sugitari |
See also
- 過ごす (sugosu)
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