艾

艾	U+827E, 艾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-827E

← 艽
[U+827D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

艿 →
[U+827F]

Translingual

Han character

艾 (radical 140, 艸+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 廿大 (TK) or X廿大 (XTK), four-corner 4440₀, composition ⿱艹乂)

References

KangXi: page 1017, character 9

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30648

Dae Jaweon: page 1475, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3172, character 9

Unihan data for U+827E

Chinese

trad.		艾
simp. ^#		艾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (乂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
艾	ŋaːds, ŋads
鴱	ŋaːds, ŋads
餀	*hŋaːds
刈	*ŋads
乂	*ŋads

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋaːds, *ŋads) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 乂 (OC *ŋads).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ài (ai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngie
Min Dong (BUC): ngié / ngái
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hiāⁿ / gāi / ngāi

(Teochew, Peng'im): hian⁷ / ngai⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): nge (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: ài
  - Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ai⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaai⁶
  - Yale: ngaaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngai⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋäːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngie
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngie
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngie⁴
  - IPA: /ɲi̯e⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngié / ngái
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛ²¹³/, /ŋɑi²¹³/

Note:

ngié - vernacular;
ngái - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiāⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hiānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvia
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiã³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gāi
  - Tâi-lô: gāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gai
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gaɪ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /gaɪ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /gaɪ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngāi
  - Tâi-lô: ngāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngai
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ŋãɪ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ŋãɪ³³/

Note:

hiāⁿ - vernacular;
gāi/ngāi - literary;
ài - limited.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hian⁷ / ngai⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiāⁿ / ngăi
  - IPA ^(key): /hĩã¹¹/, /ŋai³⁵/

Note:

hian7 - vernacular;
ngai6 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nge (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋe̞²³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 艾
Mandarin	Beijing	/ai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ai⁵³/
	Tianjin	/nai⁵³/
	Jinan	/ŋɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɣɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ŋai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/nɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ŋai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ŋai¹³/
	Guiyang	/ŋai²¹³/ /ai²¹³/ 新
	Kunming	/æ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʐe̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɣai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ŋæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ŋɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/e⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ŋe̞¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ŋe̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ŋe²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ŋa²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ŋa¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ŋai⁵⁵/ /ŋai¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ŋai²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/ŋai²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/ne⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/oi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ŋai²²/
	Nanning	/ŋai²²/
	Hong Kong	/ŋai²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/gai²²/ /hiã²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋiɛ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋuɛ⁴⁴/ /ŋai⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiã³¹/ /ŋãi³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ai³⁵/ /ŋia²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɑi^H/▼

Rime
Character	艾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaj^H/
Li Rong	/ŋɑi^H/
Wang Li	/ŋɑi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ài

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤa[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	艾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ài
Middle Chinese	‹ ngaj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ŋˁa[t]-s/
English	Artemisia; moxa
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	艾
Reading #	1/2
No.	14953
Phonetic component	乂
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	艾
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːds/

Definitions

艾

mugwort, especially Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi)
^† green
^† pale; greyish white
^† beautiful lady
^† elderly person
^† to end; to stop
^† to nurture; to foster
(historical) an ancient place in modern-day Xiushui County, Jiangxi
(historical) a mountain in modern-day Xintai, Shandong
A surname.

Synonyms

(mugwort): 艾草 (àicǎo)

Compounds

三年艾
千年艾
奇龐福艾／奇庞福艾
將艾／将艾
少艾 (shào'ài)
幼艾
悔艾
方興未艾／方兴未艾
期期艾艾 (qīqī'ài'ài)
期艾
未艾
未艾方興／未艾方兴
沛艾
灼艾分痛
班艾島／班艾岛
白艾

耄艾
耆艾
艾人
艾子
艾家 (Àijiā)
艾服
艾氣／艾气
艾火
艾炷
艾略特
艾窩窩／艾窝窝 (àiwōwo)
艾納香／艾纳香
艾絨／艾绒 (àiróng)
艾美獎／艾美奖
艾老 (àilǎo)
艾艾

艾草 (àicǎo)
艾薩克／艾萨克 (Àisàkè)
艾虎 (àihǔ)
艾豭
芝艾俱焚
蒲艾
蓄艾
蕭艾／萧艾
蘄艾／蕲艾
蘭艾／兰艾
蘭艾俱焚／兰艾俱焚
蘭艾同焚／兰艾同焚
蘭艾同燼／兰艾同烬
蘭芷蕭艾／兰芷萧艾
鄧艾吃／邓艾吃
銀艾／银艾

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ài (ai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai⁶
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ài

(Teochew, Peng'im): ain³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: ài
  - Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ai⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaai⁶
  - Yale: ngaaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngai⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋäːi̯²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ài
  - Tâi-lô: ài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: aix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /aɪ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /aɪ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ain³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: àiⁿ
  - IPA ^(key): /ãĩ²¹³/

Definitions

艾

Only used in 艾滋病 (àizībìng).

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai⁶
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): ngai⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): nyi (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaai⁶
  - Yale: ngaaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngai⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋäːi̯²²/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngai⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngăi
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋai³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyi (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨɐi^H/▼

Rime
Character	艾
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	廢 (27)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚肺切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨaj^H/
Li Rong	/ŋiɐi^H/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɐi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	y-

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋads/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	艾
Reading #	2/2
No.	14958
Phonetic component	乂
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	刈
Old Chinese	/*ŋads/

Definitions

艾

^† Alternative form of 刈 (yì, “to mow; to harvest; to chop; to exterminate; sickle”).
^† Alternative form of 乂 (yì, “to govern; to control; to pacify; to admonish”).

Compounds

怨艾 (yuànyì)
自怨自艾 (zìyuànzìyì)

艾如張／艾如张
艾安

銍艾／铚艾

Japanese

Kanji

艾

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: がい (gai); げ (ge)
Kan-on: がい (gai)
Kun: よもぎ (yomogi, 艾); もぐさ (mogusa, 艾); かる (karu, 艾る)

Compounds

伊吹艾 (いぶきもぐさ) (ibukimogusa)
男艾 (おとこよもぎ) (otokoyomogi)
艾安 (がいあん) (gaian)
艾年 (がいねん) (gainen)
艾髪 (がいはつ) (gaihatsu): the hair of an old person, an old person
艾葉 (がいよう) (gaiyō)
唐艾 (からよもぎ) (karayomogi)
河原艾 (かわらよもぎ) (kawarayomogi)
切 (き)り艾 (もぐさ) (kirimogusa)
薬艾 (くすりもぐさ) (kusurimogusa)
挿艾 (さしもぐさ) (sashimogusa)
シナ艾 (よもぎ) (shinayomogi)
白艾 (しろよもぎ) (shiroyomogi)
苦艾 (にがよもぎ) (nigayomogi), 苦艾 (くがい) (kugai)
沛艾 (はいがい) (haigai)
引艾 (ひきよもぎ) (hikiyomogi)
姫昔艾 (ひめむかしよもぎ) (himemukashiyomogi)
蓬艾 (ほうがい) (hōgai)
壬生艾 (みぶよもぎ) (mibuyomogi)
艾縞 (もぐさじま) (mogusajima)
山艾 (やまもぐさ) (yamamogusa)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
艾
もぐさ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) もぐさ [mògúsá] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) もぐさ [mògúsáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2]
- IPA^(key): [mo̞ɡɯ̟ᵝsa̠]

Noun

艾 (hiragana もぐさ, rōmaji mogusa)

mugwort

Descendants

English: moxa, moxibustion

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
艾
よもぎ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) よもぎ [yòmógí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
- IPA^(key): [jo̞mo̞ɡʲi]

Alternative forms

蓬

Noun

艾 (hiragana よもぎ, rōmaji yomogi)

mugwort

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

艾 • (ae, ye) (hangeul 애, 예, revised ae, ye, McCune–Reischauer ae, ye, Yale ay, yey)

(쑥) moxa, mugwort

Vietnamese

Han character

艾 (ngải, nghệ, nghễ)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

艾

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

References

Korean

Hanja

See also

Vietnamese

Han character