乂

See also: 义, 父, ㄨ, and Appendix:Variations of "x"

乂	U+4E42, 乂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E42

← 乁
[U+4E41]

CJK Unified Ideographs

乃 →
[U+4E43]

Translingual

Han character

乂 (radical 4, 丿+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大 (K) or X大 (XK), four-corner 4000₀, composition ⿻丿乀)

References

KangXi: page 81, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 111
Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 31, character 3
Unihan data for U+4E42

Chinese

simp. and trad.		乂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乂

Western Zhou

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Bronze inscriptions

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j26552

**Small seal script**
s09374	s10920

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L19486	L19487

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
艾	ŋaːds, ŋads
鴱	ŋaːds, ŋads
餀	*hŋaːds
刈	*ŋads
乂	*ŋads

Pictogram (象形)

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaai⁶
  - Yale: ngaaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngai⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋäːi̯²²/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨɐi^H/▼

Rime
Character	乂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	廢 (27)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚肺切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨaj^H/
Li Rong	/ŋiɐi^H/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɐi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	y-

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋa[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋads/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乂	乂
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjoj^H ›	‹ ngjoj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋa[t]-s/	/*ŋa[t]-s/
English	mow, cut (v.)	mow; regulate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乂
Reading #	1/1
No.	14957
Phonetic component	乂
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	刈
Old Chinese	/*ŋads/

Definitions

乂

Original form of 刈 (yì, “to weed; to mow”).
to govern; to control; to manage
to nurture

Compounds

乂安 (Yì'ān)

俊乂

俾乂

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ài (ai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: ài
  - Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ai⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaai⁶
  - Yale: ngaaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngai⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋäːi̯²²/

Definitions

乂

to discipline; to punish

Japanese

Kanji

乂

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: げ (ge)
Kan-on: がい (gai)
Kun: かる (karu, 乂る); おさめる (osameru, 乂める)^{←をさめる (wosameru, historical)}; おさまる (osamaru, 乂まる)^{←をさまる (wosamaru, historical)}; やしなう (yashinau, 乂う)^{←やしなふ (yasinafu, historical)}; さびしい (sabishii, 乂しい); こらす (korasu, 乂らす)

Korean

Hanja

乂 • (ye)

Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 예 (revised: ye, McCune–Reischauer: ye)
- Name (hangeul): 벨, 징계할 (revised: bel, jinggyehal, McCune–Reischauer: pel, chinggyehal)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乂

Vietnamese

Han character

乂: Hán Nôm readings: nghệ, ngải

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)

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