硯

See also: 砚
硯 U+786F, 硯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-786F
← 确
[U+786E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 硰 →
[U+7870]

Translingual

Han character

硯 (radical 112, 石+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一口月山山 (MRBUU), four-corner 16610, composition ⿰石見)

References
  • KangXi: page 831, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24233
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1247, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2433, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+786F

Chinese
trad. 硯
simp. 砚

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 硯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (見) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涀 *ɡeːlʔ, *kʰeːns, *ɡeːns
莧 *ɡreːns
粯 *ɡreːns
晛 *ŋl'eːns, *ɡeːnʔ
筧 *keːnʔ
絸 *keːnʔ
垷 *keːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ
挸 *keːnʔ
見 *keːns, *ɡeːns
俔 *kʰeːns, *ɡeːnʔ
蜆 *kʰeːns, *qʰeːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ
硯 *ŋɡeːn, *ŋɡeːns
峴 *ɡeːnʔ
哯 *ɡeːnʔ
睍 *ɡeːnʔ
現 *ɡeːns

Pronunciation
Note:
  • giān - literary;
  • hīⁿ - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 硯
Mandarin Beijing /ian⁵¹/
Harbin /ian⁵³/
Tianjin /ian⁵³/
Jinan /iã²¹/
Qingdao /iã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ian³¹²/
Xi'an /iã⁴⁴/
Xining /iã²¹³/
Yinchuan /ian¹³/
Lanzhou /iɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /ian²¹³/
Wuhan /niɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /ȵian¹³/
Guiyang /nian²¹³/
Kunming /iɛ̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ien⁴⁴/
Hefei /iĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ȵie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /ie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ȵi²³/
Suzhou /ȵiɪ³¹/
Hangzhou /ʔiẽ̞⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /ȵi²²/
Hui Shexian /ne²²/
Tunxi /ȵiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ȵiẽ⁵⁵/
/ȵiẽ¹¹/
Xiangtan /ȵiẽ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /ȵiɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ian⁵³/
Taoyuan /ʒen⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jin²²/
Nanning /jin²²/
Hong Kong /jin²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /gian²²/
/hĩ²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋiɛŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋiŋ⁴⁴/
/miŋ⁴⁴/ 俗
Shantou (Min Nan) /ĩ³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ŋi²³/
Rime
Character 硯
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 吾甸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋenH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋenH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋɛnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋɛnH/
Li
Rong		 /ŋenH/
Wang
Li		 /ŋienH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋienH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 硯
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngenH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.[ŋ]ˁe[r]-s/ (< uvular)
English smooth stone; inkstone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 硯 硯
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6196 6197
Phonetic
component		 見 見
Rime
group		 元 元
Rime
subdivision		 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 姸 硯
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋɡeːn/ /*ŋɡeːns/

Definitions

硯

  1. inkstone

Compounds
  • 不親筆硯／不亲笔砚
  • 共筆硯／共笔砚
  • 凹心硯／凹心砚
  • 同硯／同砚 (tóngyàn)
  • 弓硯緣／弓砚缘
  • 松花硯／松花砚
  • 歙硯／歙砚
  • 洮硯／洮砚
  • 漆砂硯／漆砂砚
  • 澄泥硯／澄泥砚
  • 焚硯／焚砚
  • 石硯／石砚
  • 硯兄／砚兄
  • 硯友／砚友
  • 硯史／砚史
  • 硯右／砚右
  • 硯席／砚席
  • 硯弟／砚弟
  • 硯水壺兒／砚水壶儿
  • 硯水滴兒／砚水滴儿
  • 硯池／砚池
  • 硯海／砚海
  • 硯滴／砚滴
  • 硯瓦／砚瓦
  • 硯田／砚田
  • 硯箋／砚笺
  • 硯耕／砚耕
  • 硯臺／砚台 (yàntái)
  • 硯譜／砚谱
  • 硯銘／砚铭
  • 磨穿鐵硯／磨穿铁砚
  • 端硯／端砚 (duānyàn)
  • 筆刀硯城／笔刀砚城
  • 筆墨紙硯／笔墨纸砚 (bǐmòzhǐyàn)
  • 紅絲硯／红丝砚
  • 螺溪石硯／螺溪石砚
  • 螺溪硯／螺溪砚
  • 鐵硯磨穿／铁砚磨穿
  • 陶硯／陶砚
  • 龍尾硯／龙尾砚

Japanese

Kanji
硯

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. inkstone

Readings

Compounds
Compounds
  • 硯海 (けんかい) (kenkai)
  • 硯材 (けんざい) (kenzai)
  • 硯 (けん)池 (ち) (kenchi)
  • 硯滴 (けんてき) (kenteki)
  • 硯 (けん)田 (でん) (kenden)
  • 硯北 (けんぽく) (kenpoku)
  • 筆 (ひっ)硯 (けん) (hikken)
Kanji in this term
硯
すずり
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

硯 (hiragana すずり, rōmaji suzuri)

  1. inkstone

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 硯箱 (すずりばこ) (suzuribako)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

硯 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

硯 (nghiền, nghiên, nghiễn, nghẽn, khố)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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