玫瑰

Chinese

		a kind of fine stone	(semi-precious stone); extraordinary
simp. and trad. (玫瑰)		玫	瑰

Etymology

Appears to refer to a kind of (red) jade originally, as suggested by the semantic parts of the individual characters and the explanations in Shuowen.

Cognate with 梅槐 (“a tree similar to 薔薇”). Other potential cognates include 茅蒐 (máosōu, “a red plant dye; madder”) and 韎韐 (“red madder-dyed knee covers”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): méigui, méiguī, méiguì

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˊ ˙ㄍㄨㄟ, ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟ, ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mui⁴ gwai³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mòi-kui
Min Dong (BUC): muòi-gói
Min Nan (POJ): mûi-kùi / bôe-kùi / môe-kùi
Wu (Wiktionary): me kue (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard)⁺
  - Pinyin: méigui
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ˙ㄍㄨㄟ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mei.guei
  - IPA ^(key): /meɪ̯³⁵ g̊u̯eɪ̯³/
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial)⁺
  - Pinyin: méiguī
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meiguei
  - IPA ^(key): /meɪ̯³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, non-standard variant)⁺
  - Pinyin: méiguì
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meiguey
  - IPA ^(key): /meɪ̯³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mui⁴ gwai³
  - Yale: mùih gwai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mui⁴ gwai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: mui⁴ guei³
  - IPA ^(key): /muːy̯²¹ kʷɐi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòi-kui
  - Hakka Romanization System: moiˇ gui
  - Hagfa Pinyim: moi² gui⁴
  - IPA: /moi̯¹¹ ku̯i⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: muòi-gói
  - IPA ^(key): /muoi⁵³⁻²¹ ^(k-)uɔi²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mûi-kùi
  - Tâi-lô: muî-kuì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mui'kuix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /muĩ²³⁻³³ kui²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /muĩ²⁴⁻²² kui²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /muĩ²⁴⁻²² kui⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ kui¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bôe-kùi
  - Tâi-lô: buê-kuì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boe'kuix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bue¹³⁻²² kui²¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môe-kùi
  - Tâi-lô: muê-kuì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moe'kuix
  - IPA (Taipei): /muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ kui¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /muẽ²³⁻³³ kui²¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: me kue (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /me̞²² kɯe̞⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /muʌi ɦuʌi|kuʌi/▼

Rime
Character	玫	瑰	瑰
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	匣 (33)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	灰 (42)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	莫杯切	戸恢切	公回切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muʌi/	/ɦuʌi/	/kuʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/muoi/	/ɦuoi/	/kuoi/
Shao Rongfen	/muɒi/	/ɣuɒi/	/kuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwəj/	/ɦwəj/	/kwəj/
Li Rong	/muᴀi/	/ɣuᴀi/	/kuᴀi/
Wang Li	/muɒi/	/ɣuɒi/	/kuɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/muɑ̆i/	/ɣuɑ̆i/	/kuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	méi	huí	guī

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*mɯːl kuːl|ɡuːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	瑰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guī
Middle Chinese	‹ kwoj ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁuj/
English	kind of precious stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	玫	瑰	瑰
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	13013	4660	4671
Phonetic component	文	鬼	鬼
Rime group	微	微	微
Rime subdivision	1	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	枚	傀	回
Old Chinese	/*mɯːl/	/*kuːl/	/*ɡuːl/
Notes	說文作玟

Noun

玫瑰

(botany) rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa)
(～花) rose (flower) (Classifier: 朵 m)
(～色) rose colour
(literary, historical) a kind of beautiful jade

Synonyms

(flower): 刺客 (cìkè)

Derived terms

玫瑰戰爭／玫瑰战争
玫瑰柱
玫瑰樹／玫瑰树
玫瑰油
玫瑰灣／玫瑰湾 (Méiguīwān)
玫瑰精
玫瑰糠疹
玫瑰紅／玫瑰红
玫瑰紫
玫瑰罋

玫瑰色 (méiguisè)
玫瑰花 (méiguihuā)
玫瑰露
玫瑰露酒
玫瑰餅／玫瑰饼
白玫瑰
紅玫瑰／红玫瑰
迷你玫瑰
風玫瑰圖／风玫瑰图

玫瑰