劉

See also: 刘
劉 U+5289, 劉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5289
← 劈
[U+5288] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 劊 →
[U+528A]

Translingual

Han character

劉 (radical 18, 刀+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹金中弓 (HCLN), four-corner 72100, composition ⿰𨥫刂)

Derived characters

Descendants

References
  • KangXi: page 144, character 39
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2224
  • Dae Jaweon: page 325, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 359, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5289

Chinese
trad. 劉
simp. 刘

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卯 *mruːʔ
昴 *mruːʔ
泖 *mruːʔ
茆 *mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ
奅 *m̥ʰruːs
窌 *m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus
聊 *m·rɯːw
貿 *mlus
鄮 *mlus
劉 *m·ru
留 *m·ru, *m·rus
蒥 *m·ru
鶹 *m·ru
騮 *m·ru
榴 *m·ru
瑠 *ru
瘤 *m·ru, *m·rus
遛 *m·ru
鎦 *m·ru
飀 *m·ru
鰡 *m·ru
嵧 *m·ru
餾 *m·ru, *m·rus
瀏 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
懰 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
柳 *m·ruʔ
珋 *m·ruʔ
罶 *m·ruʔ
嬼 *m·ruʔ, *m·rus
溜 *m·rus
霤 *m·rus
廇 *m·rus
塯 *m·rus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *m·ru) : phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 金 (“metal”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Often written as 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in the oracle bone script.

Etymology

Pronunciation
Note:
  • lâu - vernacular;
  • liû - literary.
Rime
Character 劉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力求切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /liu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /liəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /luw/
Li
Rong		 /liu/
Wang
Li		 /lĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /li̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 liú
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 劉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 liú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ljuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mə-ru/
English kill; surname

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 劉
Reading # 1/1
No. 8881
Phonetic
component		 卯
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 劉
Old
Chinese		 /*m·ru/

Definitions

劉

  1. † a type of battle axe
  2. † to kill; to slaughter
  3. A surname​.
    劉邦 / 刘邦  ―  Liú Bāng  ―  Liu Bang

Descendants

Compounds
Derived terms from 劉

Japanese

Kanji
劉

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. axe
  2. kill

Readings

Korean

Hanja

劉 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유)

  1. Mostly used in surname

Vietnamese

Han character

劉 (Lưu)

  1. A Vietnamese family name
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