戀

See also: 恋
戀 U+6200, 戀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6200
← 懿
[U+61FF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 戁 →
[U+6201]

Translingual
Japanese 恋
Simplified 恋
Traditional 戀

Han character

戀 (radical 61, 心+19, 23 strokes, cangjie input 女火心 (VFP), four-corner 22339, composition ⿱䜌心)

References
  • KangXi: page 409, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11504
  • Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2372, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6200

Chinese
trad. 戀
simp. 恋*

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (䜌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蠻 *mroːn
矕 *mroːnʔ
變 *prons
鸞 *b·roːn
巒 *b·roːn
灤 *b·roːn
欒 *b·roːn
鑾 *b·roːn
臠 *b·roːn, *b·ronʔ
羉 *b·roːn
䜌 *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons
灓 *b·roːn, *b·roːns, *b·rons
圝 *b·roːn
曫 *b·roːn
孿 *smroːns, *smrons
彎 *qroːn
灣 *qroːn
攣 *b·ron
孌 *b·ronʔ, *b·rons
戀 *b·rons
㪻 *pʰlons, *klons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *b·rons) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 戀
Mandarin Beijing /lian⁵¹/
Harbin /lian⁵³/
Tianjin /lian⁵³/
Jinan /liã⁴²/
Qingdao /liã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lyan⁴²/
Xi'an /luã²⁴/
Xining /lyã²⁴/
Yinchuan /lian¹³/
/luan⁵³/
Lanzhou /luɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /lian²¹³/
Wuhan /niɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /nian¹³/
Guiyang /nian²¹³/
Kunming /liɛ̃²¹²/
Nanjing /lien⁴⁴/
Hefei /liĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /luæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /luɑŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /lye³¹/
Wu Shanghai /li²³/
Suzhou /liɪ³¹/
Hangzhou /liẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /li²²/
Hui Shexian /le²²/
Tunxi /liɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /liẽ⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /niẽ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /liɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /lien⁵³/
Taoyuan /lien⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lyn³⁵/
Nanning /lin²²/
Hong Kong /lyn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /luan³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /luɔŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /nuiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /luaŋ²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /lin³⁵/
Rime
Character 戀
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 仙 (78)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力卷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /liuᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lʷiɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ljuænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lwianH/
Li
Rong		 /liuɛnH/
Wang
Li		 /lĭwɛnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /li̯wɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 luàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 戀
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 liàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ljwenH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]on-s/
English to long for

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 戀
Reading # 1/1
No. 8632
Phonetic
component
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 戀
Old
Chinese		 /*b·rons/

Definitions

戀

  1. love
    戀愛／恋爱 (liàn'ài, “love”)
  2. to love
  3. to long for; to yearn for
  4. to be attached
    留戀 / 留恋  ―  liúliàn  ―  to be reluctant to leave

Synonyms

Compounds
  • 戀曲／恋曲
  • 戀枕／恋枕
  • 戀棧／恋栈 (liànzhàn)
  • 戀歌／恋歌 (liàngē)
  • 戀母情結／恋母情结 (liànmǔ qíngjié)
  • 戀父情結／恋父情结
  • 戀生惡死／恋生恶死
  • 戀舊／恋旧 (liànjiù)
  • 戀酒貪杯／恋酒贪杯
  • 戀酒貪色／恋酒贪色
  • 戀酒貪花／恋酒贪花
  • 戀酒迷花／恋酒迷花
  • 戀闕／恋阙
  • 擇戀／择恋
  • 攀戀／攀恋
  • 晚戀／晚恋
  • 暗戀／暗恋 (ànliàn)
  • 棧戀／栈恋
  • 無心戀棧／无心恋栈
  • 熱戀／热恋 (rèliàn)
  • 犬馬之戀／犬马之恋
  • 犬馬戀主／犬马恋主
  • 留戀／留恋 (liúliàn)
  • 畸戀／畸恋
  • 相戀／相恋 (xiāngliàn)
  • 眷戀／眷恋 (juànliàn)
  • 瞻天戀闕／瞻天恋阙
  • 移情別戀／移情别恋
  • 網路戀情／网路恋情
  • 繫戀／系恋
  • 罣戀／罣恋
  • 耽花戀酒／耽花恋酒
  • 自戀／自恋 (zìliàn)
  • 自由戀愛／自由恋爱
  • 良醞可戀／良酝可恋
  • 談戀愛／谈恋爱 (tánliàn'ài)
  • 貪戀／贪恋 (tānliàn)
  • 貪花戀酒／贪花恋酒
  • 貼戀／贴恋
  • 迷戀／迷恋 (míliàn)
  • 速食戀愛／速食恋爱
  • 顧戀／顾恋
  • 駑馬戀棧／驽马恋栈

Japanese

Shinjitai

 恋

Kyūjitai

 戀

Kanji
戀

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 恋)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 恋: attract, love

Readings

Korean

Hanja

戀 • (ryeon, yeon) (hangeul 련, 연, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn, yŏn, Yale lyen, yen)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 戀ふ (ko1pu, “to love, yearn”).

Noun

戀 (ko1pi2) (kana こひ)

  1. love, especially romantic love
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 596), text here
      八百日徃濱之沙毛吾戀二豈不益歟奥嶋守
      yapoka yuku hama no2 manago1 no2 aga ko1pi2 ni ani masarazi oki1 tu simamori
      On so vast a shore―that one could walk eight hundred days―would the grains of sand number greater than my love, o guardian of the outer isles?[1]
  2. longing, yearning
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 325), text here
      明日香河川余藤不去立霧乃念應過孤悲尓不有國
      Asuka-gapa kapayo2do2 sarazu tatu ki1ri no2 omopi1 sugu beki ko1pi2 ni aranaku ni
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Derived terms
  • 戀し (ko1pi2si)
  • 戀す (ko1pi2su)
  • 戀の奴 (ko1pi2 no yatuko1)

Descendants
  • Japanese: 恋 (koi)

Etymology 2

Appears in 東歌 (Azuma uta, literally “eastern songs”) in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

The distinction of ⟨-i1⟩ and ⟨-i2⟩ in some Eastern dialects has been lost. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

戀 (ko1pi1) (kana こひ)

  1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) Same as コ甲ヒ乙 (ko1pi2) above
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4366), text here
      比多知散思由可牟加里母我阿我古比乎志留志弖都祁弖伊母尓志良世牟
      Pi1tati sasi yukamu kari moga aga ko1pi1 wo sirusite tuge1te imo ni sirasemu
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Derived terms

References
  1. Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 570

Vietnamese

Han character

戀 (luyến)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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