慷

慷	U+6177, 慷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6177

← 慶
[U+6176]

CJK Unified Ideographs

慸 →
[U+6178]

Translingual

Han character

慷 (radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心戈中水 (PILE), four-corner 9003₂, composition ⿰忄康)

References

KangXi: page 400, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11146
Dae Jaweon: page 740, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2347, character 10
Unihan data for U+6177

Chinese

simp. and trad.		慷
variant forms		忼 ancient & second round simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
唐	*ɡl'aːŋ
煻	*l'aːŋ
糖	*l'aːŋ
搪	*l'aːŋ
蓎	*l'aːŋ
瑭	*l'aːŋ
餹	*l'aːŋ
篖	*l'aːŋ
螗	*l'aːŋ
塘	*l'aːŋ
鶶	*l'aːŋ
赯	*l'aːŋ
磄	*l'aːŋ
溏	*l'aːŋ
傏	*l'aːŋ
鎕	*l'aːŋ
榶	*l'aːŋ
嵣	l'aːŋʔ, l'aːŋs
庚	*kraːŋ
賡	*kraːŋ
鹒	*kraːŋ
康	*kʰlaːŋ
穅	*kʰlaːŋ
糠	*kʰlaːŋ
槺	*kʰlaːŋ
漮	*kʰlaːŋ
躿	*kʰlaːŋ
慷	*kʰlaːŋʔ

Originally written as 忼. Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰlaːŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 康 (OC *kʰlaːŋ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kāng (kang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hong¹, hong², kong²
Min Nan (POJ): khóng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ
  - Wade–Giles: k'ang¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kang
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hong¹, hong², kong²
  - Yale: hōng, hóng, kóng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hong¹, hong², kong²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hong¹, hong², kong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ⁵⁵/, /hɔːŋ³⁵/, /kʰɔːŋ³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng
  - Tâi-lô: khóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qorng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /kʰɑŋ^X/▼

Rime
Character	慷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦朗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaŋ^X/
Li Rong	/kʰɑŋ^X/
Wang Li	/kʰɑŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎng

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慷
Reading #	1/1
No.	3987
Phonetic component	庚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	慷
Old Chinese	/*kʰlaːŋʔ/

Definitions

慷

Only used in 慷慨 (kāngkǎi, “generous; impassioned; vehement”).

Compounds

悲歌慷慨
慷慨 (kāngkǎi)
慷慨仗義／慷慨仗义
慷慨悲歌

慷慨捐生
慷慨擔承／慷慨担承
慷慨激昂 (kāngkǎijī'áng)
慷慨激烈

慷慨解囊 (kāngkǎijiěnáng)
慷慨赴義／慷慨赴义
慷慨陳詞／慷慨陈词
激昂慷慨

References

“慷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

慷

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

generous; magnanimous

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)
Kan-on: こう (kō)
Kun: いきどおる (ikidōru)

Korean

Hanja

慷 (eum 강 (gang))

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Vietnamese

Han character

慷: Hán Nôm readings: khảng

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