壽

See also: 寿 and 夀
壽 U+58FD, 壽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58FD
← 壼
[U+58FC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 壾 →
[U+58FE]

Translingual
Japanese 寿
Simplified 寿
Traditional 壽

Han character

壽 (radical 33, 士+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土弓一戈 (GNMI), four-corner 40641, composition ⿳⿳士乛工一吋)

Descendants

References
  • KangXi: page 244, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5672
  • Dae Jaweon: page 484, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 483, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+58FD

Chinese
trad. 壽
simp. 寿
variant forms 夀
𡔽

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 壽
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (壽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
禱 *tuːʔ, *tuːs
擣 *tuːʔ
檮 *tuːʔ, *duː, *du
壔 *tuːʔ
懤 *tuːʔ, *du, *dus
濤 *duː, *duː
燾 *duː, *duːs
翿 *duː, *duːs
幬 *duːs, *du
儔 *duːs, *du
譸 *tu
籌 *du
疇 *du
躊 *du
燽 *du
薵 *du
魗 *tʰjuʔ, *dju
醻 *dju
壽 *djuʔ, *djus
璹 *djuʔ, *djuɡ
鑄 *tjos

These forms are seen in bronze inscriptions:

  1. Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𢏚 (OC *du).
  2. Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠷎 (𦓃).
  3. Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠼡.

The current traditional glyph is from the composition #3, with 又 becoming 寸 (耂 + 𠾉).

Pronunciation
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 壽
Mandarin Beijing /ʂou⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂou⁵³/
Tianjin /ʂou⁵³/
/sou⁵³/
Jinan /ʂou²¹/
Qingdao /ʃou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂou³¹²/
Xi'an /ʂou⁴⁴/
Xining /ʂɯ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʂəu¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂou¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤu²¹³/
Wuhan /səu³⁵/
Chengdu /səu¹³/
Guiyang /səu²¹³/
Kunming /ʂəu²¹²/
Nanjing /ʂəɯ⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʂɯ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /səu⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ʂəu³⁵/
Hohhot /səu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zɤ²³/
Suzhou /zɤ³¹/
Hangzhou /zei¹³/
Wenzhou /jɤu²²/
Hui Shexian /ɕiu²²/
Tunxi /ɕiu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂəu⁵⁵/
/ʂəu¹¹/
Xiangtan /ʂəɯ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /sɨu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /su⁵³/
Taoyuan /ʃu⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐu²²/
Nanning /sɐu²²/
Hong Kong /sɐu²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siu²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sieu²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /siu⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /siu³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tiu³³/
Rime
Character 壽 壽
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 殖酉切 承呪切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑɨuX/ /d͡ʑɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiuX/ /d͡ʑiuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑiəuX/ /d͡ʑiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑuwX/ /d͡ʑuwH/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiuX/ /ʑiuH/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭəuX/ /ʑĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯ə̯uX/ /ʑi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shòu shòu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 壽 壽
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shòu shòu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyuwX › ‹ dzyuwH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[N-t]uʔ/ /*[N-t]uʔ-s/
English longevity longevity

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 壽 壽
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11707 11709
Phonetic
component		 壽 壽
Rime
group		 幽 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 受 授
Old
Chinese		 /*djuʔ/ /*djus/

Definitions

壽

  1. old age; long life
  2. lifespan

Compounds
Derived terms from 壽

Japanese

Shinjitai

 寿

Kyūjitai

 壽

Kanji
壽

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 寿)

  1. longevity, long life
  2. congratulations

Readings
Usage notes

Seldom used in modern Japanese. See the 寿 entry for further details.

Korean

Hanja

壽 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

Readings

壽: Hán Việt readings: thọ
壽: Nôm readings: thọ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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