嘆

See also: 叹 and 歎
嘆 U+5606, 嘆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5606
← 嘅
[U+5605] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 嘇 →
[U+5607]
嘆 U+FA37, 嘆
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA37
← 喝
[U+FA36] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 器 →
[U+FA38]
嘆 U+2F84C, 嘆
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F84C
← 圖
[U+2F84B] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 圗 →
[U+2F84D]

Translingual
Japanese 嘆
Simplified 叹
Traditional 嘆

Alternative forms
  • In Traditional Chinese, Japanese kyūjitai, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Hán Nôm, the component for this character is written with 廿 on top. Note that the bottom portion is written 口 overlapped by 夫 and not 中 on top of 天.
  • In Japanese shinjitai, the component is written with 艹 on top and has one stroke less. Due to Han unification, both traditional Chinese and Japanese shinjitai forms are encoded under the same code point. The appearance of this character will differ depending on the font used.
  • In Simplified Chinese, the component is simplified to 又 instead, giving the character 叹 (U+53F9).
  • Two compatibility ideographs exist for this character. U+FA37 corresponds to the kyūjitai form of this character while U+2F84C is an alternative form used in Taiwan and North Korea which is similar to Japanese shinjitai but the top right component is written 艹 (4 strokes) instead of 艹 (3 strokes).

Han character

嘆 (radical 30, 口+11 in Chinese, 口+10 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 口廿中人 (RTLO) or 口廿日人 (RTAO), four-corner 64034, composition ⿰口⿱廿⿻口夫(GHTKV or U+FA37) or ⿰口𦰩(J or U+2F84C))

Derived characters
  • 𫛗

References

Wikidata

  • KangXi: page 205, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4138
  • Dae Jaweon: page 427, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 673, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5606

Chinese
trad. 嘆/歎
simp. 叹*
variant forms 𡂥

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
儺 *naːl
臡 *naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆 *n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘 *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹 *n̥ʰaːn
攤 *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱 *n̥ʰaːn
歎 *n̥ʰaːns
難 *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵 *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯 *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢 *hnaːns
戁 *rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ

Pronunciation
Note:
  • tam3 - Chaozhou;
  • tang3 - Shantou.
Rime
Character 嘆 嘆
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 寒 (61) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 他干切 他旦切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰan/ /tʰanH/
Li
Rong		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Wang
Li		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰɑn/ /tʰɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tān tàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 嘆
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ thanH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥ˁar-s/
English sigh

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 嘆 嘆
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4890 4895
Phonetic
component		 暵 暵
Rime
group		 元 元
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 灘 炭
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥ʰaːn/ /*n̥ʰaːns/

Definitions

嘆

  1. (grammar) Short for 嘆詞／叹词 (tàncí, “interjection”).
  2. to sigh
  3. to chant
  4. to praise
  5. (Cantonese) to enjoy

Usage notes

嘆 is considered a variant form of 歎 in Hong Kong.

Compounds
  • 嘖嘖讚嘆／啧啧赞叹
  • 對天長嘆／对天长叹
  • 廢然長嘆／废然长叹
  • 廣武嘆／广武叹
  • 怨嘆／怨叹 (oàn-thàn)
  • 悲嘆／悲叹 (bēitàn)
  • 惋嘆／惋叹
  • 感嘆／感叹 (gǎntàn)
  • 感嘆句／感叹句
  • 感嘆詞／感叹词 (gǎntàncí)
  • 慨嘆／慨叹
  • 拍桌驚嘆／拍桌惊叹
  • 搖頭嘆息／摇头叹息

Japanese

Kanji
嘆

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 嘆)

  1. to sigh
  2. to lament
  3. to moan
  4. to grieve

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
嘆
たん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 嘆 (MC tʰɑn, tʰɑnH).

Pronunciation

Noun

嘆 (hiragana たん, rōmaji tan)

  1. sigh

Derived terms
Derived terms

Korean

Hanja

嘆 (eum 탄 (tan))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds
Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

嘆: Hán Việt readings: thán (他(tha)案(án)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], than[4]
嘆: Nôm readings: than[1][2][3][5][4][6], han[1][2][3][4][7][6], thán[2][5][6], thăn[5][6], hớn[1], hen[3], thơn[3]

  1. Nôm form of than (“to complain”).

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Hồ (1976).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. Génibrel (1898).
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