可愛がる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
可 愛
か
Grade: 5		 あい > わい
Grade: 4
on’yomi Irregular

Etymology

Derived as compound of 可愛い (kawaii, “cute, adorable”) +‎ がる (-garu, “feeling or thinking that way”, suffix applied to nouns and adjective stems to create a verb).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Verb

可愛がる (hiragana かわいがる, rōmaji kawaigaru, historical hiragana かはいがる)

  1. to adore, to be sweet on
  2. (ironically, from the idea of giving special attention to) to persistently bother or annoy someone, to be a noodge to someone
  3. (ironically, from the idea of giving special attention to) to bully someone, to beat someone
  4. (ironically, from the idea of giving special attention to) to train someone very strenuously

Conjugation
Conjugation of "可愛がる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 可愛がら かわいがら kawaigara
Continuative (連用形) 可愛がり かわいがり kawaigari
Terminal (終止形) 可愛がる かわいがる kawaigaru
Attributive (連体形) 可愛がる かわいがる kawaigaru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 可愛がれ かわいがれ kawaigare
Imperative (命令形) 可愛がれ かわいがれ kawaigare
Key constructions
Passive 可愛がられる かわいがられる kawaigarareru
Causative 可愛がらせる
可愛がらす		 かわいがらせる
かわいがらす		 kawaigaraseru
kawaigarasu
Potential 可愛がれる かわいがれる kawaigareru
Volitional 可愛がろう かわいがろう kawaigarō
Negative 可愛がらない かわいがらない kawaigaranai
Negative continuative 可愛がらず かわいがらず kawaigarazu
Formal 可愛がります かわいがります kawaigarimasu
Perfective 可愛がった かわいがった kawaigatta
Conjunctive 可愛がって かわいがって kawaigatte
Hypothetical conditional 可愛がれば かわいがれば kawaigareba

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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