訛

See also: 譌 and 讹

訛	U+8A1B, 訛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A1B

← 訚
[U+8A1A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

訜 →
[U+8A1C]

Translingual

Han character

訛 (radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人心 (YROP), four-corner 0461₀, composition ⿰言化)

References

KangXi: page 1149, character 8

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35256

Dae Jaweon: page 1616, character 10

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3947, character 8

Unihan data for U+8A1B

Chinese

trad.		訛
simp.		讹

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 訛
Warring States	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
訛	*ŋʷaːl
吪	*ŋʷaːl
鈋	*ŋʷaːl
囮	lu, ŋʷaːl
魤	*ŋʷaːl
靴	*hʷa
貨	*hŋʷaːls
花	*hʷraː
化	*hŋʷraːls
杹	*hŋʷraːls
匕	*pilʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): é (e²)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ngô͘ / gô

(Teochew, Peng'im): ho³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: é
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
  - Wade–Giles: o²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngo⁴
  - Yale: ngòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
  - Tâi-lô: ngôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
  - Tâi-lô: gô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
  - IPA (Xiamen): /go²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /go¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ho³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hò
  - IPA ^(key): /ho²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋuɑ/▼

Rime
Character	訛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五禾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋuɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwa/
Li Rong	/ŋuɑ/
Wang Li	/ŋuɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wó

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʷʰˤaj/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	訛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	é
Middle Chinese	‹ ngwa ›
Old Chinese	/*m-qʷʰˁaj/
English	move; change
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	訛
Reading #	1/1
No.	5319
Phonetic component	化
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	訛
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷaːl/

Definitions

訛

erroneous; mistaken
alt. forms: 譌
to extort; to blackmail

Compounds

乖訛／乖讹
以訛傳訛／以讹传讹 (yǐ é chuán é)
拿訛頭／拿讹头
擠訛頭／挤讹头
澆訛／浇讹
舛訛／舛讹
訛人／讹人
訛傳／讹传 (échuán)
訛奪／讹夺 (éduó)
訛字／讹字 (ézì)

訛火／讹火
訛稱／讹称
訛脫／讹脱 (étuō)
訛舛／讹舛 (échuǎn)
訛言／讹言 (éyán)
訛言惑眾／讹言惑众
訛言課語／讹言课语
訛言謊語／讹言谎语
訛詐／讹诈 (ézhà)
訛詞兒／讹词儿

訛誤／讹误 (éwù)
訛謬／讹谬 (émiù)
訛賴／讹赖
訛錯／讹错
訛頭／讹头
訛騗／讹騗
訛騙／讹骗
課語訛言／课语讹言
遷訛／迁讹

Japanese

Kanji

訛

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: が (ga)
Kan-on: が (ga)
Kan’yō-on: か (ka)
Kun: なまる (namaru, 訛る); なまり (namari, 訛); あやまる (ayamaru, 訛る)

Compounds

訛音
訛伝
転訛

Korean

Hanja

訛 • (wa) (hangeul 와, revised wa, McCune–Reischauer wa, Yale wa)

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Vietnamese

Han character

訛 (ngoa, ngoả)

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