turf
English
Etymology
From Middle English turf, torf, from Old English turf (“turf, sod, soil, piece of grass covered earth, greensward”), from Proto-Germanic *turbz (“turf, lawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“tuft, grass”). Cognate with Dutch turf (“turf”), Middle Low German torf (“peat, turf”) (whence German Torf and German Low German Torf), Swedish torv (“turf”), Norwegian torv (“turf”), Icelandic torf (“turf”), Russian трава (trava, “grass”), Sanskrit दर्भ (darbhá, “a kind of grass”), दूर्वा (dū́rvā, “bent grass”).
Pronunciation
Audio (AU) (file) - Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)f
Noun
turf (countable and uncountable, plural turfs or turves)
- (uncountable) A layer of earth covered with grass; sod.
- 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 8, in The Celebrity:
- Miss Thorn began digging up the turf with her lofter: it was a painful moment for me. ¶ “You might at least have tried me, Mrs. Cooke,” I said.
- 2018 May 26, Daniel Taylor, “Liverpool go through after Mohamed Salah stops Manchester City fightback”, in The Guardian (London):
- It was a sixth successive defeat for Klopp in a major final and at the final whistle, with Karius burying his face into the turf, there was not exactly a stampede of team-mates wanting to console him.
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- (countable) A piece of such a layer cut from the soil. May be used as sod to make a lawn, dried for peat, stacked to form earthen structures, etc.
- 1908, Sir William Schlich, editor, Forest Utilization (Schlich's Manual of Forestry):
- In ordinary peat-bogs, however, where turves are cut, there is always a large percentage of waste peat resulting from the digging, drying or transport of the turves, which can be utilized only by moulding it.
- 1955, J. R. R. Tolkien, The Return of the King:
- Frodo and Sam went forward and saw that amidst the clamorous host were set three high-seats built of green turves.
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- (countable, Ireland) A sod of peat used as fuel.
- (uncountable, slang) The territory claimed by a person, gang, etc. as their own.
- (uncountable, with "the") A racetrack; or the sport of racing horses.
Derived terms
Translations
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Verb
turf (third-person singular simple present turfs, present participle turfing, simple past and past participle turfed)
- To cover with turf; to create a lawn by laying turfs.
- (Ultimate Frisbee) To throw a frisbee well short of its intended target, usually causing it to hit the ground within 10 yards of its release.
- (business) To fire from a job or dismiss from a task.
- Eight managers were turfed after the merger of the two companies.
- (business) To cancel a project or product.
- The company turfed the concept car because the prototype performed poorly.
- (informal, transitive) To expel, eject, or throw out; to turf out.
- (medical slang, transitive) To transfer or attempt to transfer (a patient or case); to eschew or avoid responsibility for.
- 1996, Jeffrey E. Nash and James M. Calonico, The Meaning of Social Interaction: An Introduction to Social Psychology, page 139:
- "Sure thing, I buffed her, and they turfed her to urology, but she bounced back to me!" [...] They want to transfer responsibility for her to another branch of the hospital (turf her).
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Derived terms
- turfer
- turf out
Translations
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch torf, from Old Dutch *torf, from Proto-Germanic *turbz (“turf, lawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“tuft, grass”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʏrf/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ʏrf
Noun
turf m (plural turven, diminutive turfje n)
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *turbz.
Noun
turf f (nominative plural tyrf)
- turf
Declension
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | turf | tyrf |
accusative | turf | tyrf |
genitive | tyrf, turfe | turfa |
dative | tyrf | turfum |