Xi Jinping Thought

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, simply known as Xi Jinping Thought ,[note 1][4][5] is a set of policies and ideals derived from the Chinese Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping. It was first officially mentioned at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in which it was incorporated into its constitution.

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism
with Chinese Characteristics
for a New Era
A billboard advertising Xi Jinping Thought in Shenzhen, Guangdong with the insignia of the Communist Party of China affixed.
Simplified Chinese习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想
Traditional Chinese習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想
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Xi Jinping

Paramount leader of China
　

History

The first official mention of the term was at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and it has gradually been developed since 2012 after Xi became General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (China's paramount leader).[6] Some news sources have stated that Xi helped create this ideology together with his close advisor Wang Huning.[7][8]

The 19th Congress affirmed the ideology as a guiding political and military ideology of the Communist Party of China (CCP)[9] and approved the incorporation of the ideology into the Constitution of the Communist Party of China.[10][11] The affirmation received unanimous support as every delegate voted to approve by raising hands when Xi asked their opinions on the Congress.[12] The incorporation made Xi the third Chinese leader after Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping whose names appeared in the list of fundamental doctrines of the CCP, which raised Xi above his two most recent predecessors, former General Secretaries Hu Jintao and Jiang Zemin. In his report, Xi promised to make China strong, propelling the country into a "new era".[13]

Xi first made mention of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in the opening day speech delivered to the 19th Party Congress in October 2017. In reviews of Xi's keynote address at the Congress, Xi's Politburo Standing Committee (top decision-making body) colleagues prepended the description with "Xi Jinping".[9]

Xi has described the thought as part of the broad framework created around socialism with Chinese characteristics, a term coined by Deng Xiaoping, which places China in the "primary stage of socialism". In official party documentation and pronouncements by Xi's colleagues, the thought is said to be a continuation of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, "the important thought of the Three Represents" and the scientific development perspective as part of a series of guiding ideologies that embody "Marxism adapted to Chinese conditions" and contemporary considerations.[9]

Dozens of Chinese universities have established research institutes for Xi Jinping Thought after the Congress dedicated to advocating the incorporation of Xi Jinping Thought in all aspects of daily life.[14] Academics such as Jiang Shigong have written expositions of Xi Jinping Thought.[15]

The concepts behind Xi Jinping Thought are elaborated in Xi's The Governance of China book series, published by the Foreign Languages Press for an international audience. Volume one was published in September 2014, followed by volume two in November 2017.[16]

On 27 November, more than 100 of China's top filmmakers, actors and pop stars were gathered for a day in Hangzhou to study the report of the 19th Party Congress featuring Xi Jinping Thought.[17]

In July 2018, the carriages of a train in Changchun Metro were decked out in red and dozens of Xi's quotes to celebrate the 97th anniversary of Communist Party of China. The train was described as a "highly condensed spiritual manual" of Xi Jinping Thought by the local government.[18]

In January 2019, Alibaba Group released an app called Xuexi Qiangguo about studying Xi Jinping Thought.[19]

In December 2019, Fudan University added content concerning the inculcation of teachers and students in Xi Jinping Thought into its charter, leading to protests about academic freedom among the students.[20][21]

Content

The thought consists of a 14-point basic policy as follows:[22][23]

  1. Ensuring Communist Party of China leadership over all forms of work in China.
  2. The Communist Party of China should take a people-centric approach for the public interest.
  3. The continuation of "comprehensive deepening of reforms".
  4. Adopting new science-based ideas for "innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development".
  5. Following "socialism with Chinese characteristics" with "people as the masters of the country".
  6. Governing China with Rule by Law.
  7. "Practice socialist core values", including Marxism, communism and socialism with Chinese characteristics.
  8. "Improving people's livelihood and well-being is the primary goal of development".
  9. Coexist well with nature with "energy conservation and environmental protection" policies and "contribute to global ecological safety".
  10. Strengthen the National security of China.
  11. The Communist Party of China should have "absolute leadership over" China's People's Liberation Army.
  12. Promoting the one country, two systems system for Hong Kong and Macau with a future of "complete national reunification" and to follow the One-China policy and 1992 Consensus for Taiwan.
  13. Establish a common destiny between Chinese people and other people around the world with a "peaceful international environment".
  14. Improve party discipline in the Communist Party of China.

See also

Notes
  1. Also known as Xi Thought[1][2] or Xism.[3]

References
  1. "China's Netizens Push Back on 'Xi Thought'". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 1 August 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  2. 江巍. "Courseware on Xi thought launched - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 1 August 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  3. "'Four Comprehensives' pillars of Xism". Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  4. Phillips, Tom (27 October 2017). "Xi Jinping Thought to be taught in China's universities". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  5. Buckley, Chris (24 October 2017). "China Enshrines 'Xi Jinping Thought,' Elevating Leader to Mao-Like Status". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  6. "China's 'Chairman of Everything': Behind Xi Jinping's Many Titles". The New York Times. 25 October 2017. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Mr. Xi's most important title is general secretary, the most powerful position in the Communist Party. In China's one-party system, this ranking gives him virtually unchecked authority over the government.
  7. Perlez, Jane (13 November 2017). "Behind the Scenes, Communist Strategist Presses China's Rise". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 23 February 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  8. "The meaning of the man behind China's ideology, The meaning of the man behind China's ideology". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  9. Zhang, Ling (18 October 2017). "CPC creates Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  10. Phillips, Tom (24 October 2017). "Xi Jinping becomes most powerful leader since Mao with China's change to constitution". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  11. "Xi presents new CPC central leadership, roadmap for next 5 years". Xinhua. 24 October 2017. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  12. "Xi Jinping asks party congress if anyone opposes...Xi Jinping". BBC. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  13. Buckley, Chris (24 October 2017). "China Enshrines 'Xi Jinping Thought,' Elevating Leader to Mao-Like Status". New York Times.
  14. "Chinese universities start 'Xi Thought' institutes". AFP. 30 October 2017. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017.
  15. Backer, Larry Catá (June 2018). "Reflections on Jiang Shigong on 'Philosophy and History: Interpreting the "Xi Jinping Era" through Xi's Report to the Nineteenth National Congress of the CCP'" (PDF). Working Papers. Coalition for Peace and Ethics. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  16. "Second volume of Xi's book on governance published". news.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  17. "China sends its top actors and directors back to socialism school". The Washington Post. 1 December 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017.
  18. Gan, Nectar (3 July 2018). "All aboard the propaganda express for Xi Jinping's 'New Era'". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
  19. "China's hottest app is all about making users study Xi Jinping Thought". shanghaiist. 14 February 2019. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  20. "Students protest at Shanghai's Fudan University". Asia Times. 19 December 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019. A video circulating this week showed students at Shanghai’s Fudan University singing the school song – which extols “academic independence and freedom of thought” – in an apparent protest.{...}Besides removing “freedom of thought,” the ministry adds to the charter “arming the minds of teachers and students with Xi Jinping’s new era of socialist ideology with Chinese characteristics.” It also obliges faculty and students to adhere to “core socialist values” and build a “harmonious” campus environment – a code phrase for the elimination of anti-government sentiment.
  21. "Archived copy" 復旦大學章程刪除思想自由 學生唱校歌抗議要求學術獨立[影]. Central News Agency (in Chinese). 18 December 2019. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. "19th Party Congress: Xi Jinping outlines new thought on socialism with Chinese traits". Straits Times. 18 October 2017. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  23. "His own words: The 14 principles of 'Xi Jinping Thought'". BBC Monitoring. Archived from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
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