Tunceli

Tunceli (Kurdish: Dêrsim/Mamekîye‎,[3][4] Zazaki: Mamekîye[5]) is a city in Turkey. It is the capital of Tunceli Province, located in the middle of Eastern Anatolia Region.

Tunceli

Dêrsim

Dersim
Municipality
T.C. Tunceli Belediyesi
Tunceli in Munzur valley
Tunceli
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 39°06′N 39°33′E
Country Turkey
ProvinceTunceli Province
Government
 • MayorFatih Mehmet Maçoğlu (TKP)
Area
 • District881.76 km2 (340.45 sq mi)
Elevation
940 m (3,085 ft)
Population
 (2012)[2]
 • Urban
31,469
 • District
35,898
 • District density41/km2 (110/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
62000
Area code(s)0428
Licence plate62
Websitehttp://www.tunceli.bel.tr

Etymology

Tunceli means the land (eli) of bronze (tunç) in Turkish, while the old name for province “Dersim” (or Dêsim) means silver (sim) door (der) in Persian. Whether the name of town is Tunceli or Dersim has been a reason for political quarrels. The local authority decided to call it Dersim in May 2019, while the Governor said it was against the law, to call it Dersim.[6]

Geography

Tunceli at 39°06′N 39°33′E is situated just to the north of the intersection point of two rivers, Munzur and Pülümür, both flowing to south. The city is founded in the valley of Munzur which is known for its picturesque appearance. It is surrounded by high mountains called Munzur mountains. The city has a limited means of transport to other cities. The population of the city is 32815 as of 2011.[7] It is one of the least populated province centers of Turkey.

History

During the Ottoman Empire, Tunceli (then known as Kalan) was a part of the region named Dersim. In 1847 Dersim was declared a sanjak (a historical administrative unit smaller than the province). The capital of the sanjak was Hozat. During the Republican period Tunceli Province was established in 1935. In 1946 the former town of Kalan was renamed as Tunceli and it was declared as the capital city of the province.[8]

As a result of the Turkish campaign of "Turkification" Tunceli became a main target of Turkish officials after the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923. Tunceli played a role in the Dersim rebellion.

Tunceli is famous for excellent rankings in National Education statistics.[9]

Politics

In the Municipal Elections of March 2019, Fatih Mehmet Maçoğlu was elected Mayor.[10] He is the first mayor of Tunceli from the Communist Party of Turkey.

In May 2019 the Municipal Council decided to use the city's historic name Dersim and also to offer municipal services in Zazaki and Kurmanji. 4 Members of the newly elected municipal council had their certificates revoked in May 2019 for having been dismissed from public office in the past.[11]

Economy

The main economic activity is animal breeding. Wheat is the only notable agricultural product. There are chromium salt and marble deposits. But only salt is produced. There are a few factories based on agriculture.[12]

Climate

Tunceli has a dry-summer continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dsa) with very hot, dry summers and freezing cold, snowy winters.

Climate data for Tunceli (1960-2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.2
(57.6)		 18.1
(64.6)		 26.0
(78.8)		 32.2
(90.0)		 36.6
(97.9)		 39.0
(102.2)		 43.5
(110.3)		 43.5
(110.3)		 40.3
(104.5)		 35.6
(96.1)		 27.0
(80.6)		 21.7
(71.1)		 43.5
(110.3)
Average high °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9)		 4.5
(40.1)		 10.9
(51.6)		 17.9
(64.2)		 23.9
(75.0)		 29.9
(85.8)		 35.0
(95.0)		 35.2
(95.4)		 30.5
(86.9)		 22.7
(72.9)		 13.4
(56.1)		 5.5
(41.9)		 19.3
(66.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.0
(28.4)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 5.6
(42.1)		 11.9
(53.4)		 17.1
(62.8)		 22.7
(72.9)		 27.3
(81.1)		 26.9
(80.4)		 21.6
(70.9)		 14.7
(58.5)		 6.9
(44.4)		 1.0
(33.8)		 12.8
(55.0)
Average low °C (°F) −5.8
(21.6)		 −4.6
(23.7)		 0.8
(33.4)		 6.2
(43.2)		 10.2
(50.4)		 14.5
(58.1)		 18.9
(66.0)		 18.4
(65.1)		 13.3
(55.9)		 8.2
(46.8)		 2.0
(35.6)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 6.6
(44.0)
Record low °C (°F) −30.3
(−22.5)		 −29.0
(−20.2)		 −24.7
(−12.5)		 −7.1
(19.2)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 5.3
(41.5)		 9.2
(48.6)		 7.7
(45.9)		 2.6
(36.7)		 −4.0
(24.8)		 −16.4
(2.5)		 −25.6
(−14.1)		 −30.3
(−22.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 127.2
(5.01)		 109.0
(4.29)		 111.2
(4.38)		 108.4
(4.27)		 70.1
(2.76)		 19.0
(0.75)		 3.7
(0.15)		 2.9
(0.11)		 13.9
(0.55)		 65.0
(2.56)		 104.9
(4.13)		 139.6
(5.50)		 874.9
(34.46)
Average precipitation days 11.9 12.1 13.0 13.8 12.2 5.2 1.5 1.2 2.6 8.4 9.6 11.8 103.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 105.4 112.0 167.4 192.0 279.0 336.0 368.9 350.3 291.0 213.9 150.0 93.0 2,658.9
Source: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü [13]

See also

Notes
  1. "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  3. adem Avcıkıran (2009). Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî (PDF) (in Turkish and Kurdish). p. 56. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  4. Ahmet Kasımoğlu (2013). "Ferhenga navên nebatan a Kurdî" (in Kurdish, Zazaki, Turkish, and Latin): 67. Retrieved 2 February 2020. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. "Mamekîye de konferansê terteleyê Dêrsimî" (in Zazaki). 21 November 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  6. "A short history of Turkification: From Dersim to Tunceli". Ahval. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  7. "Turkish statistical Institute". Archived from the original on 2014-10-12.
  8. Tunceli governor's page on history Archived 2013-09-28 at the Wayback Machine (in Turkish)
  9. http://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/egitim-siralamasinda-tunceli-birinci
  10. "Tunceli Seçim Sonuçları: 31 Mart 2019 Tunceli Yerel Seçim Sonuçları". Sözcü (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  11. Kurdistan24. "Kurdish city returns to original name 'Dersim,' attracts Turkish ire". Kurdistan24. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  12. "TUNCELİ - Ekonomik Faaliyetler". www.cografya.gen.tr.
  13. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-04-30. Retrieved 2011-03-19.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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