Timeline of Hama

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hama, Syria.

Prior to 7th century

11th century BCE – Town is "capital of Aramean kingdom of Hamath."[1]
854 BCE – Town taken by Assyrian Shalmaneser II.[2]
743 BCE – Assyrians in power again.[3]
740 BCE – Uprising.[3]
720 BCE – Uprising "crushed by Sargon."[2]
540 BCE – Persians in power (approximate date).
64 BCE – Town becomes part of the Roman province of Syria.

7th–19th centuries

639 CE – Town taken by Arab Muslim Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah.[2]
637 – Great Mosque built.[4]
10th century – Hamdanids in power.
968 – Town sacked by Byzantine forces of Nicephorus Phocas.[1]
11th century – Town sacked by Mirdasid forces.
1108 – Tancred, Prince of Galilee takes town.[2]
1114 – Seljuks in power.[1]
1157 – Earthquake.[5]
1172 – Nur al-Din Mosque built.
1175 – Saladin takes town from Zangids.[1]
1178 – Al-Muzaffar Umar becomes Emir of Hama.[1]
1191 – Al-Mansur Muhammad becomes Emir of Hama.
1221 – Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan becomes Emir of Hama.
1229 – Al-Muzaffar Mahmud becomes Emir of Hama.
1244 – Al-Mansur Muhammad II becomes Emir of Hama.
1260 – Town sacked by Mongols.
1284 – Al-Muzaffar Umar II becomes Emir of Hama.
1299 – Mamluks in power.[1]
1310 – Ayyubid Abu al-Fida becomes Emir of Hama.[5]
1323 – al-Izzi Mosque built.[4]
1326 – Abu'l-Fida Mosque built.[4]
1331 – Al-Afdal Muhammad becomes Emir of Hama.
1400 – Timurlane takes town.
1453 – al-Mamunye (water wheel) constructed.
1516 – Ottoman Turks in power.
1556 – Khan Rustum Pasha (caravansary) built.
1742 – Azm Palace built.
1858 – Population: 30,000.[6]
1864 – Town becomes capital of the Hamah sanjak (district) in the Vilayet of Sham.[1]
1875 – Cholera outbreak.[5]
1898 – Public library opens (approximate date).[7]

20th century

1901 – Population: 45,000 (approximate).[3]
1902 – Rayak-Hama railway begins operating.[8]
1906 – Aleppo-Hama railway constructed.[9]
1917 – Shaker al-Hanbali becomes mayor.[10]
1918 – Town becomes part of French Mandate of Syria.
1925 – 1925 Hama uprising, early October uprising by Hama's inhabitants led by Fawzi al-Qawuqji against the French mandate, subsequent crackdown by French forces. Part of the Great Syrian Revolt.[11]
1930 – Population: 60,000.[12]
1941 – Al-Taliya Sport Club formed.
1945 – Al-Nawair Sport Club formed.
1946 – City becomes part of independent Syrian Republic.
1960 – Population: 97,390.[13]
1963 – April: Anti-Baathist demonstrations.[14]
1964
- April: Conflict between Islamic Brotherhood and Baath leaders.[12]
- Population: 131,630 (estimate).[15]
1970 – Population: 137,421.[13]
1980 – February: Islamic uprising;[16] crackdown on Sunnis.
1981 – April: 1981 Hama massacre.
1982 – February: Muslim Brotherhood uprising against Hafez al-Asad regime; government crackdown.[16][17]
1985 – Population: 193,610 (estimate).[18]
1989 – Apamee Cham Palace Hotel built.[4]

21st century

2003 – Population: 427,369 (estimate).[13]
2008 – Population: 1,508,000 (estimate).[19]
2011
- Mass demonstrations.[16][20]
- July–August: Army crackdown on protesters.[21]
2012 – 25 April: Explosion in Mashaa Attayar.[22][23]
2013 – Syrian civil war.[24]

References

Whitaker 2008.
Britannica 1910.
Chambers 1901.
ArchNet.org. "Hama". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012.
Baedeker 1876.
Murray 1858.
David Dean Commins (1990), Islamic reform: politics and social change in late Ottoman Syria, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195061039, 0195061039
"Railway developments in Syria". Railway Age. Chicago. 1904.
Lewis R. Freeman (1915). "Railway Lines of Syria and Palestine". Railway Age Gazette. New York.
Sami Moubayed (2006), Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900–2000, Seattle, USA: Cune Press, ISBN 9781885942401
Bou-Nacklie 1998.
David Dean Commins (2004), Historical Dictionary of Syria (2nd ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press
"Syria: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". World Gazetteer. Stefan Helders. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013.
Malik Mufti (1996). Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801431689.
"Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
"Syria Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
Malise Ruthven (2004). Historical Atlas of Islam. Cartographica.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
"Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
"'Half a million' protest on streets of Hama". Al Jazeera. 8 July 2011.
"UN council condemns use of force by Syria". Al Jazeera. 4 August 2011.
"Blast in Syria's Hama kills many". Al Jazeera. 26 April 2012.
Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
"Fierce fighting rages across Syria". Al Jazeera. 18 January 2013.

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

Abraham Rees (1819). "Hamah". The Cyclopædia. London.
Josiah Conder (1830), "(Hamah)", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
"Hamah", Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine, London: J. Murray, 1858, OCLC 2300777
"Hama", Palestine and Syria, Leipsig: Karl Baedeker, 1876

Published in 20th century

"Hamah", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
"Hamah", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
Trudy Ring, ed. (1996), "Hama", Middle East and Africa, International Dictionary of Historic Places, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964039
N. E. Bou-Nacklie (1998). "Tumult in Syria's Hama in 1925: The Failure of a Revolt". Journal of Contemporary History. 33.

Published in 21st century

J.L. Whitaker (2008), "Hamah", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (eds.), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
"Hama". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.

External links

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[FOOTNOTEWhitaker2008-1] Whitaker 2008.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-2] Britannica 1910.

[FOOTNOTEChambers1901-3] Chambers 1901.

[archnet-4] ArchNet.org. "Hama". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012.

[FOOTNOTEBaedeker1876-5] Baedeker 1876.

[FOOTNOTEMurray1858-6] Murray 1858.

[7] David Dean Commins (1990), Islamic reform: politics and social change in late Ottoman Syria, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195061039, 0195061039

[8] "Railway developments in Syria". Railway Age. Chicago. 1904.

[9] Lewis R. Freeman (1915). "Railway Lines of Syria and Palestine". Railway Age Gazette. New York.

[moubayed2006-10] Sami Moubayed (2006), Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900–2000, Seattle, USA: Cune Press, ISBN 9781885942401

[FOOTNOTEBou-Nacklie1998-11] Bou-Nacklie 1998.

[commins2004-12] David Dean Commins (2004), Historical Dictionary of Syria (2nd ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press

[helders-13] "Syria: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". World Gazetteer. Stefan Helders. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013.

[14] Malik Mufti (1996). Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801431689.

[15] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.

[bbc-timeline-16] "Syria Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

[17] Malise Ruthven (2004). Historical Atlas of Islam. Cartographica.

[18] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.

[19] "Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

[20] "'Half a million' protest on streets of Hama". Al Jazeera. 8 July 2011.

[21] "UN council condemns use of force by Syria". Al Jazeera. 4 August 2011.

[22] "Blast in Syria's Hama kills many". Al Jazeera. 26 April 2012.

[britannica2013-23] Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.

[24] "Fierce fighting rages across Syria". Al Jazeera. 18 January 2013.

Cities and towns of Syria
Governorate centres	Aleppo Damascus Daraa Deir ez-Zor Hama al-Hasakah Homs Idlib Latakia Quneitra Raqqa Rif Dimashq as-Suwayda Tartus
District centres	Abu Kamal Afrin Arihah Atarib Ayn al-Arab Azaz al-Bab Baniyas Darayya Dayr Hafir Douma Duraykish Fiq al-Haffah Harem Izra' Jableh Jarabulus Jisr ash-Shugur Maarat al-Numaan al-Malikiyah Manbij Masyaf Mayadin Mhardeh al-Mukharram al-Foqani an-Nabk Palmyra Qamishli Qardaha Qatana Qudsaya al-Qusayr al-Qutayfah Ra's al-'Ayn al-Rastan as-Safira Safita Salamiyah Salkhad al-Sanamayn Shahba ash-Shaykh Badr al-Suqaylabiyah Talkalakh al-Tall Tell Abyad al-Thawrah Yabroud Zabadani
Sub-district centres	Abu Qilqil Abu al-Thuhur Akhtarin Amuda Arbeen Arima al-Ariqah al-Arishah Armanaz Arwad al-Asharah Assal al-Ward Awj Ayn al-Fijah Ayn Halaqim Ayn Issa Ayn al-Nasr Babbila Banan Barri Sharqi Beit Jinn Binnish Bir al-Helou Bosra Bulbul Busayrah Da'el al-Dana Darat Izza Darkush al-Darbasiyah Deir Atiyah al-Dimas al-Dumayr Furqlus Ghabaghib Ghandoura al-Ghariyah al-Ghizlaniyah al-Hader Hadidah al-Hajar al-Aswad al-Hajib Hajin al-Hamidiyah al-Hamraa Harasta Harbnafsah Harran al-Awamid al-Hirak Hish Hisyah al-Hawl Huraytan al-Huwash Ibbin Samaan Ihsim Jayrud al-Jalaa al-Janudiyah Jaramana al-Jarniyah Jasim al-Jawadiyah Jubb al-Jarrah Jubb Ramlah Jindires al-Jiza al-Qabu Kafr Batna Kafr Nabl Kafr Takharim Kafr Zita al-Karamah al-Kasrah Kessab al-Khafsah Khan Shaykhun Khasham Kirnaz Kuwayris Sharqi Khanaser Khirbet Ghazaleh Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud al-Kiswah Ma'arrat Misrin Maabatli Maadan Ma'loula Madaya Mahin Malah al-Malihah al-Mansurah Mare' Markada Mashta al-Helu Maskanah al-Masmiyah al-Mazraa Muhambal Muhasan al-Musayfirah al-Mushannaf Muzayrib al-Nashabiyah al-Nasirah Nawa Nubl al-Qadmus al-Qahtaniyah Qalaat al-Madiq Qarah al-Qaryatayn al-Qurayya Qurqania Rajo Rankus Rasm Harmil al-Imam al-Rai al-Riqama al-Ruhaybah al-Saan Saasaa Sabburah al-Sabe' Biyar al-Sabkhah Sadad Sahnaya Saidnaya Salqin Saraqib Sarmin Sarrin Sawran Sebei al-Shaddadah al-Shajara Shaqqa Sharran Shathah Shaykh al-Hadid al-Shaykh Maskin Shayukh Tahtani Shin Sinjar Sirghaya Slinfah Suluk al-Surah al-Saghirah al-Suwar Suran al-Susah al-Sukhnah al-Tabni Talbiseh Taldou al-Tamanah Tasil Tell al-Daman Tell Hamis Tell Rifaat Tell Salhab Tell Tamer Tedef Thiban Uqayribat Urum al-Kubra Wadi al-Oyun al-Yaarubiyah al-Zirbah az-Ziyarah