Shades of cyan

The color cyan, a greenish-blue, has notable tints and shades. It is one of the subtractive primary colors- cyan, magenta, and yellow.

Cyan
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#00FFFF
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(0, 255, 255)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(100, 0, 0, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v)(180°, 100%, 100%)
SourceCSS Color Module Level 3
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The first recorded use of cyan blue ("cyan blue" was the name used for the color "cyan" in the 19th century) as a color name was in 1879.[1]

Cyan in printing and the web colors cyan and aqua

Process cyan
Cyan (subtractive primary)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#00B7EB
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(0, 183, 235)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(100, 22, 0, 8)
HSV       (h, s, v)(193°, 100%, 92[2]%)
SourceCMYK[3]
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant greenish blue
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
Cyan, magenta, and yellow are the three subtractive primary colors used in printing.

In color printing, the shade of cyan called process cyan or pigment cyan is one of the three primary pigment colors which, along with yellow and magenta, constitute the three subtractive primary colors of pigment. (The secondary colors of pigment are blue, green, and red.) As such, the CMYK printing process was invented in the 1890s, when newspapers began to publish color comic strips.

Process cyan is not an RGB color, and there is no fixed conversion from CMYK primaries to RGB. Different formulations are used for printer's ink, so there can be variations in the printed color that is pure cyan ink. A typical formulation of process cyan is shown in the color box at right. The source of the color shown at right is the color magenta that is shown in the diagram located at the bottom of the following website offering tintbooks for CMYK printing: .

The web color cyan (aqua)
Cyan (additive secondary)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#00FFFF
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(0, 255, 255)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(100, 0, 0, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v)(180°, 100%, 100%)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
Red, green and blue lights, representing the three basic additive primary colors of the RGB color system, red, green, and blue. Cyan light is composed of equal amounts of green and blue light.

The web color cyan, shown at the right, is one of the three secondary colors in the RGB color model, used for creating all colors on a computer or television display by mixing various combinations of red, green and blue light. The X11 name for this color is cyan; the HTML name for the same color is aqua. They are both composed of the same mixture of blue and green light, and are exactly the same color.

Additional variations of cyan

Aero blue
See also: Air Force blue § Aero
Aero blue
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#C0E8D5
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(192, 232, 213)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(17, 0, 8, 9)
HSV       (h, s, v)(151.5°, 17.2%, 91%)
SourceResene
ISCC–NBS descriptorVery light green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Aero blue is a fluorescent cyan color. Aero blue was used as rainshower in one of the Sharpie permanent markers but not as bright on the marker. However, there is no mechanism for showing fluorescence on a computer screen.

Aquamarine
Main article: Aquamarine (color)
Aquamarine
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#7FFFD4
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(127, 255, 212)
HSV       (h, s, v)(160°, 50%, 100[4]%)
SourceX11[5]
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
Aquamarine crystals on muscovite

Aquamarine is a shade of cyan toned towards green. It is named after the mineral aquamarine, a gemstone mainly found in granite rocks. Aquamarine is the birthstone for those born in March.

The first recorded use of aquamarine as a color name in English was in 1598.[6]

Blue-green
Main article: Blue-green
Blue-green
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#0D98BA
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(13, 152, 186)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(93, 18, 0, 27)
HSV       (h, s, v)(192°, 93%, 72[7]%)
SourceCrayola
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong greenish blue
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Blue-green has been a Crayola color since 1930.

Caribbean Current
Caribbean Current
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#006D6F
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(0, 109, 111)
HSV       (h, s, v)(181°, 100%, 44%)
SourceBehr
ISCC–NBS descriptorModerate bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Displayed at right is the color Caribbean Current.

Celeste
Main article: Sky blue § Celeste
Celeste
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#B2FFFF
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(178, 255, 255)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(30, 0, 0, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v)(180°, 30%, 100%)
SourceIl dizionario dei colori[8]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVery light bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the color celeste.

Bleu celeste ("sky blue") is a rarely occurring tincture in heraldry (not being one of the seven main colors or metals or the three "staynard colors"). This tincture is sometimes also called ciel or simply celeste. It is depicted in a lighter shade than the range of shades of the more traditional tincture azure, which is the standard blue used in heraldry.[9] It has been used rarely since the 17th century,[10] gaining popularity after the First World War.

Cerulean
Main article: Cerulean
Cerulean
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#007BA7
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(0, 123, 167)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(100, 26, 0, 35)
HSV       (h, s, v)(196°, 100%, 65[11]%)
Source[Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong greenish blue
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The first recorded use of cerulean as a color name in English was in 1590.[12]

The word is probably derived from the Latin word caeruleus, "dark blue, blue, or blue-green", which in turn probably derives from caelulum, diminutive of caelum, "heaven, sky".[13] This color hex triplet has also been designated as celadon blue,[14][15] after the hue derived from glazing in some Chinese celadon earthenware.

Charleston green
Charleston green
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#232B2B
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(35, 43, 43)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(18, 0, 0, 83)
HSV       (h, s, v)(180°, 19%, 17[16]%)
SourceInternet (Duron Paints)
ISCC–NBS descriptorBlackish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Charleston green is an extremely dark shade of cyan. The color Charleston green originated after the American Civil War, approximately 1865, when during Reconstruction, it was widely used to paint homes in Charleston, South Carolina.

Dark cyan
Dark cyan
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#008B8B
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(0, 139, 139)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(100, 0, 46, 46)
HSV       (h, s, v)(180°, 100%, 54[17]%)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the web color dark cyan.

Electric blue
Electric blue
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#7DF9FF
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(125, 249, 255)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(51, 2, 0, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v)(183°, 51%, 100%)
Source[Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
Main article: Electric blue (color)

Electric blue (#7DF9FF)
#7DF9FF

Electric blue is a color close to cyan that is a representation of the color of lightning, an electric spark, and argon signs; it is named after the ionized air glow produced during electrical discharges.

The first recorded use of electric blue as a color name in English was in 1884.[18]

Green-blue
Green-blue
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#1164B4
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(17, 100, 180)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(91, 44, 0, 29)
HSV       (h, s, v)(209°, 90.6%, 70.6[19]%)
SourceCrayola
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong blue
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Green-blue was a Crayola color from 1958 to 1990.

Keppel
Keppel
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#3AB09E
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(58, 176, 158)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(67, 0, 10, 31)
HSV       (h, s, v)(171°, 67%, 69[20]%)
SourceXona.com Color List
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the color keppel.

The color name keppel has been in use since 2001, when it was promulgated as one of the colors on the Xona.com Color List.

Light cyan
Light cyan
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#E0FFFF
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(224, 255, 255)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(12, 0, 0, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v)(180°, 97%, 97%)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorVery pale green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the web color light cyan.

Light sea green
Light sea green
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#20B2AA
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(32, 178, 170)
HSV       (h, s, v)(175°, 40%, 75%)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

At right is displayed the web color light sea green.

Midnight green
Midnight green
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#004C54
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(0, 76, 84)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(100, 0, 30, 70)
HSV       (h, s, v)(187.2°, 100%, 32.5%)
SourceColorhexa,[21] the Philadelphia Eagles 2013 Media Guide[22]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDark bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Midnight green (sometimes also called Eagle green) is a dark cyan.[23]

Philadelphia Eagles players wearing the midnight-green uniforms in a game against Washington during the 2006 NFL season

It has been the primary team color for the National Football League (NFL)'s Philadelphia Eagles since 1996.[24][25]

Moonstone
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#3AA8C1
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(58, 168, 193)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(70, 0, 0, 70)
HSV       (h, s, v)(191°, 54%, 49%)
SourceCrayola
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Moonstone

Displayed at right is the color moonstone.

A moonstone

It was formulated by Crayola in 1994 as part of their Gem Tones range of crayons. It is a slightly dark shade of cyan that is reminiscent of the bluish-green glow of some moonstones.

Opal

Displayed at right is the color opal.

It is a pale shade of cyan that is reminiscent of the color of an opal gemstone, although as with many gemstones, opals come in a wide variety of colors.

Opal
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#A8C3BC
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(168, 195, 188)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(14, 0, 4, 24)
HSV       (h, s, v)(164°, 18%, 76%)
Source
ISCC–NBS descriptorLight green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
Rough opal in matrix
Cut and polished opals

Pale cyan
Pale cyan
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#87D3F8
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(135, 211, 248)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(46, 15, 0, 3)
HSV       (h, s, v)(200°, 46%, 97%)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorVery light greenish blue
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Robin egg blue
Main article: Robin egg blue
Robin egg blue
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#00CCCC
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(0, 204, 204)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(67, 0, 27, 0)
HSV       (h, s, v)(180°, 100%, 80%)
SourceCrayola
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The color robin egg blue is displayed at right.

Robin eggs in a nest

The first recorded use of robin's egg blue as a color name in English was in 1873.[26]

Sky blue (Crayola)
Sky blue (Crayola)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#80DAEB
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(128, 218, 235)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(46, 7, 0, 8)
HSV       (h, s, v)(190°, 46%, 92[27]%)
SourceCrayola
ISCC–NBS descriptorVery light greenish blue
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the color medium sky blue. This is the color that is called sky blue in Crayola crayons. This color was formulated by Crayola in 1958. "Sky blue" appears in the 32, 48, 64, 96 and 120 packs of crayons.

Teal
Main article: Teal
Teal
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#008080
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(0, 128, 128)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(100, 0, 0, 50)
HSV       (h, s, v)(180°, 100%, 50[28]%)
SourceHTML/CSS[29]
ISCC–NBS descriptorModerate bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
Eurasian teal

At right is displayed the web color teal. The first recorded use of teal as a color name in English was in 1917.[30]

Tiffany Blue
Main article: Tiffany Blue
Tiffany Blue
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#81D8D0
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(129, 216, 208)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(40, 0, 4, 15)
HSV       (h, s, v)(174°, 40%, 85%)
SourceTiffany.comnot specific enough to verify]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVery light bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Tiffany Blue is the colloquial name for the light medium robin egg blue color associated with Tiffany & Co., the New York City jewelry company. The color was used on the cover of Tiffany's Blue Book, first published in 1845.[31] Since then Tiffany & Co. has used the color extensively on promotional materials, including boxes and bags. The Tiffany Blue color is protected as a color trademark by Tiffany & Co. in some jurisdictions including the U.S.[32][33]

Turquoise
Main article: Turquoise (color)
Turquoise
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#40E0D0
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(64, 224, 208)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(71, 0, 7, 12)
HSV       (h, s, v)(174°, 71%, 88[34]%)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the X11 color named turquoise.

Turquoise is the name of a greenish blue color, based on the gem of the same name. The word turquoise comes from the French for Turkish, as the gem was originally imported from Turkey.[35][36]

Polished turquoise stones

The first recorded use of turquoise as a color name in English was in 1573.[37] Perhaps owing to sharing its name with a mineral, turquoise is currently a more common term in English than other cyan-like colors.[38]

Verdigris
Main article: Verdigris
Verdigris
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#43B3AE
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(67, 179, 174)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(63, 0, 3, 30)
HSV       (h, s, v)(177°, 46%, 48%)
Sourcehttps://encycolorpedia.com/43b3ae
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
Verdigris

Verdigris is the common name for a green pigment obtained through the application of acetic acid to copper plates[39] or the natural patina formed when copper, brass or bronze is weathered and exposed to air or seawater over a period of time. The name verdigris comes from the Middle English vertegrez, from the Old French verte grez, an alteration of vert-de-Grèce ("green of Greece"). Used as a pigment in paintings and other art objects (as green color) since ancient Greece, it was originally made by hanging copper plates over hot vinegar in a sealed pot until a green crust formed on the copper. The vivid green color of copper(II) acetate made this form of verdigris a much used pigment. Until the 19th century, verdigris was the most vibrant green pigment available and was frequently used in painting. Verdigris was sometimes used to illustrate cyan colors in early color wheels.[40]

Viridian
Main article: Viridian
Viridian
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#40826D
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(64, 130, 109)
CMYKH   (c, m, y, k)(76, 30, 63, 11)
HSV       (h, s, v)(161°, 51%, 51%)
SourceMaerz and Paul[41]
ISCC–NBS descriptorModerate green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Viridian is a blue-green pigment, a hydrated chromium(III) oxide, of medium saturation and relatively dark in value. It is composed more of green than blue. Specifically, it is a dark shade of spring green, the color between green and cyan on the color wheel, or, in paint, a tertiary blue–green color. Viridian takes its name from the Latin viridis, meaning "green".[42]

Viridian flycatcher

The first recorded use of viridian as a color name in English was in the 1860s (exact year uncertain).[43]

Cyan in human culture

See Cyan in human culture in the main article on Cyan.

Wrapping the spectrum into a color wheel

If the visible spectrum is wrapped to form a color wheel, cyan (subtractive primary) appears midway between blue and green:

Visible spectrum wrapped to join blue and green in an additive mixture of cyan

See also

References
  1. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill page 194
  2. Using HSL color space#Conversion from RGB to HSL or HSV, v=247/255
  3. Tintbooks - Get Accurate CMYK Color Results For Your Printing Projects CMYK color tintbook:
  4. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #7FFFD4 (Aquamarine):
  5. W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, SVG color keywords. W3C. (May 2003). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
  6. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190; Color Sample of Aquamarine: Page 93 Plate 35 Color Sample I3
  7. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #0D98BA (Blue-Green):
  8. S. Fantetti; C. Petracchi (2001). Il dizionario dei colori: nomi e valori in quadricromia. Bologna: Zanichelli. ISBN 88-08-07995-3.
  9. Scott-Giles, C. W. (1958). Boutell's Heraldry (rev. ed.). London & New York: Frederick Warne & Co.
  10. http://www.modaruniversity.org/Newcomer-Packet-11-Heraldry.pdf
  11. web.forrett.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #007BA7 (Cerulean):
  12. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190; Color Sample of Cerulean: Page 89 Plate 33 Color Sample E6
  13. Cerulean, Online Etymology Dictionary
  14. "Celadon blue / #007ba7 Hex Color Code Schemes and Paints". encycolorpedia.com. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  15. "#007ba7 hex color information (Celadon Blue, Cerulean) - SpyColor.com". www.spycolor.com. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  16. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #232B2B (Charleston Green):
  17. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #008B8B (Dark Cyan):
  18. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill, p.194; Color Sample of Electric Blue [fabric 1890s]: Page 97 Plate 37 Color Sample I7
  19. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #1164B4 (Green-Blue):
  20. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #3AB09E (Kepple):
  21. "#004C54 Color Information". colorhexa.com. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  22. "Team Information" (PDF). 2013 Philadelphia Eagles Media Guide. NFL Enterprises, LLC. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  23. "Midnight Green Eagle Green". arteqo.com. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  24. Benjamin, Cody (March 20, 2018). "Why do the Eagles' green jerseys look so different than they did a few years ago?". BleedingGreenNation.com. SB Nation. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  25. "National Football League: Franchise Records (1920 through present)". TruColor.net. November 21, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  26. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 203; Color Sample of Robin's Egg Blue Page 77 Plate 27 Color Sample H3
  27. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #80DAEB (Medium Sky Blue):
  28. Web.forret.com, Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #008080 (Teal):
  29. W3.org, W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords
  30. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 205; color sample of Teal: Page 101 Plate 39 Color Sample L7
  31. About Tiffany & Co.: Tiffany Blue
  32. Seeing The Future In All Its Hues - New York Times
  33. Brief of Amicus Curiae Tiffany (NJ) LLC (2011, p. 8-9)
  34. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color 40E0D0 (Turquoise):
  35. "Turquoise:turquoise mineral information and data". mindat.org. Retrieved 2006-10-04.
  36. http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/turquoise.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy
  37. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York: 1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Turquoise [green]: Page 73 Plate 25 Color Sample I5
  38. "Google Ngram Viewer".
  39. "Verdigris" Oxford English Dictionary
  40. https://archive.org/details/principlesscien00bensgoog Principles in the Science of Colour Concisely Stated by William Benson, 1868
  41. The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called viridian in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color viridian is displayed on page 79, Plate 28, Color Sample K11.
  42. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 18 See: "Table--Polyglot Table of Principle Color Names" Pages 18-19
  43. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Viridian: Page 93 Plate 79 Color Sample K11
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