Rupnagar

Rupnagar (/ˈrʊpnəɡər/; formerly known as Ropar) is a city and a municipal council in Rupnagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Rupnagar is a newly created fifth Divisional Headquarters of Punjab comprising Rupnagar, Mohali, and its adjoining districts. It is also one of the bigger sites belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization. Rupnagar is nearly 43 km (27 mi) to the northwest of Chandigarh (the nearest airport and the capital of Punjab). It is bordered by Himachal Pradesh to the north and Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district (formerly known as Nawanshahr district) to its west.

This article is about the municipality in Punjab, India. For its namesake district, see Rupnagar district. For the village in Nepal, see Rupnagar, Nepal.

Rupnagar

Ropar
City
Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib situated on the banks of Satluj, Rupnagar.
Nickname(s): 
Ropar
Rupnagar
Rupnagar
Coordinates: 30.9664°N 76.5331°E / 30.9664; 76.5331
Country India
StatePunjab
DistrictRupnagar
Established19th century (2000 BCE)
Government
 • TypeMunicipal council
 • BodyRopar MC
Elevation
262 m (860 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total56,000
Languages
 • OfficialPunjabi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
140 001
Telephone code91-1881
Vehicle registrationPB-12
Websiterupnagar.nic.in

There are many historical and religious places in Rupnagar, including gurdwaras such as Gurudwara Bhhatha Sahib and Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib.

Towns and Villages

Rupnagar district, included in the Rupnagar Division of Punjab falls between north latitude 30°-32' and 31°-24' and east longitude 76°-18' and 76°-55'. Rupnagar (formerly known as Ropar) town, the district headquarters is 42 km from Chandigarh, the state capital. The district adjoins Nawanshahar, Mohali and Fatehgarh Sahib Districts of Punjab. The district comprises four Tehsils, Rupnagar, Anandpur Sahib, Chamkaur Sahib and Nangal and includes 617 villages and 6 towns: Rupnagar, Chamkaur Sahib, Anandpur Sahib, Morinda, Kiratpur Sahib and Nangal. All the towns except Chamkaur Sahib have railway connections. The Satluj river passes close to the towns of Nangal, Rupnagar and Anandpur Sahib. Shekhian Mohalla is a famous old central part of Ropar city in hold of migrated Hindu and Sikh population. Before partition inhibited by Muslim Kakkay Sheikhs of Ropar (also known Kakkay Abbasi). Now this is a great trade hub of Ropar city. Ghanauli is also Another Famous village of Ropar : Because of Freedom fighter Harnam Singh Kavishar, this village come to the top list in British Raj.

Etymology

The ancient town of Rupnagar is said to have been named by a Gujjar Raja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen.

History

Indus Valley Civilisation
Indus Civilization site, Rupnagar (Ropar), Punjab, India

Rupnagar is one of the Indus Valley sites along the Ghaggar-Hakra beds. There is an Archaeological Museum in the city which was opened in the year 1998 for general public. The museum exhibits the archaeological remains of excavated site in the city, the first Harappan site of Independent India. These excavations reveal a cultural sequence from Harappan to medieval times. Some of the important exhibits include antiquities of Harappan times, gold coins of Chandragupta and copper and bronze implements.[1] S. Hari Singh Rais of Sialba conquered Ropar in 1763 A.D. and established his state . S. Hari Singh son Charat Singh made Ropar capital of the state.

Archaeological Museum, Rupnagar, Punjab, India

Geography

Rupnagar is located at 30.97°N 76.53°E / 30.97; 76.53.[2] It has an average elevation of 260 metres (850 ft). The town lies on the bank of Satluj River and the Shivalik hill range spreads along the opposite bank of the river.

Climate

The climate of Rupnagar is characterized by general dryness (except in the south west monsoon season), a hot summer and a cold winter. The year may be divided into four seasons. The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitutes the post-monsoon or transition season. The temperature ranges from a minimum of 1 °C (34 °F) in winter to 47 °C (117 °F) in summer. May and June are generally the hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relative humidity is high, averaging about 70% during monsoon. The average annual rainfall in the district is 775.6 millimetres (30.54 in). About 78% of the annual rainfall is received during June through September.[3]

Rupnagar Wetland
Main articles: Rupnagar Wetland and Ropar Wetland
Rupnagar wetland (side outlet), Punjab

The city has one of the three important wetlands of the Punjab State known as Rupnagar Wetland. This is a man-made freshwater wetland covering 1,365 hectares. Also called the Rupnagar Lake, the wetland developed consequent to the construction of a regulator on the Sutlej River.[4] The area has a large number of birds, mammals and vegetation. It has at least 9 mammalian, 154 bird, 35 fish, 9 arthropod, 11 rotifer and 10 protozoan species. This important ecological zone is located in the Shivalik foothills of the Lower Himalayas and was created in 1952 on the Sutlej River, in the Punjab state of India, by building a head regulator. The total area of the wetland is 1,365 hectares (3,370 acres). The wetland is surrounded by Shivalik hills to the northwest and by plains to the south and southeast.

District Administration

The District is administered by Municipal Council Rupnagar.

  • The Divisional Commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service, is the over all in charge of the newly created Divisional Headquarters Ropar, comprising Ropar, Mohali. and Nawashahr districts.
  • The Deputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service, is the overall in-charge of the General Administration in the district.
  • The Senior Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues of the district and he is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Police Service.
  • The Divisional Forest Officer, an officer belonging to the Indian Forest Service is responsible for managing the Forests, environment and wild-life related issues of the district and he is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Forest Service and Punjab Wild-Life Division.
  • Sectoral development is looked after by the district head of each development department such as PWD, Agriculture, Health, Education and Animal husbandry.

Transport

Rail

Rupnagar falls in the Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is connected to Chandigarh by a single line railway track.It is also connected to AMRITSAR via jalandhar, Ludhiana, Morinda, Ropar Nangal Dam

Road

Rupnagar city has good road network to surrounding village and towns in district as well as to all major cities like Una, Baddi, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Chandigarh and Delhi. Rupnagar is well connected by National Highway system to the following nearby cities, by the following highway routes:

Demographics

As per 2001 India census,[5] Rupnagar had a population of 48,165. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Rupnagar has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 82%. In Rupnagar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Companies

Education
The Indian Institute of Technology, currently operating from its transit campus.

Schools

Rupnagar has public as well as private schools which are affiliated to either Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) or Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) and follow the 10+2 plan of education.

Higher Education

Rupnagar houses one of the prestigious technological institutes of the country, the Indian Institute of Technology Ropar. Other important colleges are Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhaddal, Government College, Ropar (affiliated to Punjabi University, Patiala).

Notable people

See also
  • Indus Valley Civilization
  • List of Indus Valley Civilization sites
  • List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization
  • Hydraulic engineering of the Indus Valley Civilization
  • Bara, Punjab
  • Gaggon

References
  1. "ASI Museum - Rupnagar". rupnagar.nic.in. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  2. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Rupnagar
  3. "About District - Rupnagar". rupnagar.nic.in. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  4. "Punjab Tourism". punjabtourism.gov.in. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  5. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
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