Porto Metro

The Porto Metro (Portuguese: Metro do Porto), part of the public transport (mass transit) system of Porto, Portugal, is a light rail network that runs underground in central Porto and above ground into the city's suburbs. Metro do Porto S.A. was founded in 1993, and the first line of the system opened in 2002.[1]

Porto Metro
Flexity Outlook Eurotram train of the Porto Metro at Trindade station
Overview
Native nameMetro do Porto
OwnerGovernment-owned corporation
LocalePorto
Gondomar
Maia
Matosinhos
Póvoa de Varzim
Vila do Conde
Vila Nova de Gaia
Transit typeLight rail
Number of lines6
Number of stations82
Daily ridership158,200 passengers (on average) (2015)
WebsiteMetro do Porto
Operation
Began operation7 December 2002 (2002-12-07)
Operator(s)ViaPorto
Number of vehicles102
Technical
System length67 km (42 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification750 V DC OHLE

The network has 6 lines and reaches seven municipalities within the metropolitan Porto area: Porto, Gondomar, Maia, Matosinhos, Póvoa de Varzim, Vila do Conde and Vila Nova de Gaia. It currently has a total of 82 operational stations across 67 kilometres (42 mi) of double track commercial line. Most of the system is at ground level or elevated, but 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) of the network is underground. The system is run by ViaPORTO.

History
Porto Metro train.

Line A (blue line) between Senhor de Matosinhos and Trindade in central Porto was the first Porto Metro line to open, in 2002. The line was extended in 2004 to Estádio do Dragão, in time for the Euro 2004 Football championship.

On April 14, 2005, Line B (red line) opened. The Casa da Música concert hall (which has a station on the combined ABCEF line) opened on the same day. Lines A and B are the last legacy of a line which once went from Trindade to Famalicão, originally narrow gauge, opened in 1875, completed in 1881 and switched to metre gauge in 1930. (The stretch from Varzim to Famalicão is now a bicycle trail.)

Line C (green line) opened on July 30, 2005, reaching the centre of Maia. An extension to ISMAI opened in March 2006. Line C uses a stretch formerly part of the Guimarães line which joined the current line at Lousado.

Line D (yellow line) proved the most problematic to excavate and opened in 2005. The line runs from João de Deus and Vila Nova de Gaia in the south before crossing the River Douro and passing through central Porto en route to São João Hospital in the north. The São João Hospital and IPO stations were not brought into service until April 2006 due to safety concerns. In October 2011, it was extended to Santo Ovídio.

Line E (violet line) opened on May 27, 2006, connecting the Airport Francisco Sá Carneiro and Campanhã. Several weeks later, the line was extended until Estádio do Dragão. An end-to-end journey takes 33 minutes, with trains departing every 20 minutes.

Line F (orange line) opened on January 2, 2011, connecting the Porto city centre to the Gondomar region in the east, this line runs between Senhora da Hora and Fânzeres.

Lines A, B, C, E & F follow the same course within the City of Porto (between Estádio do Dragão and Senhora da Hora). The transfer point between Line ABCEF and Line D is at Trindade in central Porto; from Trindade to Senhora da Hora, the right of way recycles the original Porto-Varzim-Famalicão/Maia-Trofa-Guimarães trunk line.

Costs and financial results
On board a Porto Metro train
An Andante ticket being validated

As of 2007, the total cost of Porto Metro mass transit public transport system stands on 3,500 million euros - over 1% of Portugal's GDP. The first phase of the project alone, which was led by the mayors of several Grande Porto (Greater Porto) municipalities including Valentim Loureiro as a chairman of the state-owned company, was 140% more expensive than initially planned which means a slippage of over 1,500 million euros. The Porto Metro state-owned company has reported losses every year, reaching a record loss of 122 million euros in 2006.[2][3]

Trains

The Metro uses modern Eurotram low-floor, articulated trams. New Flexity Swift LRVs are used on line B, Bx and occasionally line C since 2008, and can reach 100 km/h (62.5 mph). They also have more seats, and can, in common with most modern light rail systems, recover 30% of the total of consumed energy during braking.

The majority of services run with two LRVs coupled together. The Eurotram consists of four main compartments, two in each carriage linked by short corridors, and also features an articulation between the two carriages. They have a capacity of 80 seated and 134 standing passengers.

Tickets

The system uses the "Andante" ticketing system. Machines in stations issue and can recharge Andante Azul - blue "Occasional" tickets, while Andante Gold is a credit-card style "Gold" tickets (which bear a scanned photograph of the holder) that can be purchased in Lojas Andante (Andante Shops). Tickets can also be topped up at Multibanco ATM terminals.

The Porto Metro operates on a proof-of-payment system. Tickets must be validated before travel by scanning them in front of the yellow machines located in stations. A validated occasional ticket allows for unlimited travel within a specified time period, currently 1 hour for the minimum 2-zone ticket, and longer as the number of valid zones increases. The gold passes allow unlimited travel within a pre-defined area, and are available in "anytime" or cheaper "10/16" (off-peak) versions. There is also a daily ticket, known as Andante 24 that allows the user to make unlimited trips within a given day in the zones chosen. For example, a Z3 (3-zone) ticket is valid for 3 zones in any direction of travel from the first validated zone. So, to cover all of the Metro, except the northernmost part of Line B (zones VCD3 and PV_VC), a Z4 ticket is needed, provided it is validated in zone PRT1.

There are no faregates within the Metro; instead, groups of fare inspectors randomly check tickets with hand-held scanners. The current penalty for travelling without a validated ticket is €120.

The metro uses the same zoning system as the majority of public transport providers in the Porto metropolitan area, which is divided by counties, and further divided into numbered sub-zones (for example, VCD3 is the third area of the Vila do Conde county). The PRT1 zone in central Porto is effectively the area contained within the VCI (Via Cintura Interna) inner ring-road, while zones PRT2 and PRT3 are the areas between the VCI and the Estrada da Circunvalação outer ring-road.

The Andante system is being rolled out across the entire Porto public transit network. STCP bus routes and some other bus routes currently accept Andante and the intention is for the entire bus, metro and suburban train network to become integrated. The same ticket cannot be used on downtown Porto trams and the cable car (Funicular dos Guindais). The Andante Azul that tourists typically use are not valid, though the Andante Gold loaded with monthly tickets may be accepted.

Network
Porto Metro

Services: Line A • Line B • Line Bx
Line C • Line D • Line E • Line F

Árvore
Varziela
Azurara
Espaço Natureza
Santa Clara
Mindelo
Vila do Conde
Modivas Centro
Alto do Pega
Modivas Sul
Portas Fronhas
Vilar do Pinheiro
São Brás
Lidador
Póvoa de Varzim
Pedras Rubras
Botica
Verdes
Aeroporto
Crestins
Esposade
ISMAI
Custóias
Castêlo da Maia
Sr de Matosinhos
Mandim
Mercado
Zona Industrial
Brito Capelo
Fórum da Maia
Matosinhos Sul
Parque da Maia
Câm. Matosinhos
Custió
Parque Real
Araújo
Pedro Hispano
Pias
Estádio do Mar
Cândido dos Reis
Vasco da Gama
Fonte do Cuco
Senhora da Hora
Sete Bicas
Hospital S. João
Viso
IPO
Ramalde
Pólo Universitário
Francos
Salgueiros
Casa da Música
Combatentes
Carolina Michaëlis
Marquês
Lapa
Faria Guimarães
Trindade
Aliados
Bolhão
S. Bento
24 de Agosto
Jardim do Morro
Heroísmo
General Torres
Campanhã
Câmara de Gaia
Estádio do Dragão
João de Deus
Contumil
D. João II
Nasoni
Santo Ovídio
Nau Vitória
Levada
Fânzeres
Rio Tinto
Venda Nova
Campainha
Carreira
Baguim

Sources: Official timetable 2012–2013 and UrbanRail.NET

Metro do Porto
Line Length Stations Opened Equipment
Estádio do Dragão – Senhor de Matosinhos 15.6 km
(9.7 mi)		 23 7 December 2002 Flexity Outlook (Eurotram)
Estádio do Dragão – Póvoa de Varzim 33.6 km
(20.9 mi)		 35 13 March 2005 Flexity Swift
Campanhã – ISMAI 19.6 km
(12.2 mi)		 24 30 July 2005 Flexity Swift
Hospital São João – Santo Ovídio 9.2 km
(5.7 mi)		 16 18 September 2005 Flexity Outlook (Eurotram)
Trindade – Aeroporto 13.1 km
(8.1 mi)		 21 27 May 2006 Flexity Outlook (Eurotram)
Fânzeres – Senhora da Hora 17.4 km
(10.8 mi)		 24 2 January 2011 Flexity Outlook (Eurotram)
Ribeira – Batalha 0.3 km
(0.19 mi)		 02 19 February 2004 Guindais Funicular

Line A
Grassy median of Line A
Senhor de Matosinhos – Estádio do Dragão
  • Travel time: 40 minutes
  • Headway: 10 minutes

Line A or the Blue Line is the main and, historically, most important of the five Porto Metro lines. It has 23 stations.

The line was opened between Trindade and Senhor de Matosinhos on 7 December 2002, by then Prime Minister Barroso. Until the end of 2002 travel was free of charge to allow users to familiarize themselves with the new light rail line. On June 5, 2004, on the occasion of the Euro 2004 European Football Championship, the section between Trindade and Estádio do Dragão was opened.

Trains run every 10 minutes between 07:00 and 20:00 between Senhor de Matosinhos and Estádio do Dragão, with some trips extended to Fânzeres on Line F. Between 6:00 and 7:00 and after 20:00 the frequency is 15 minutes. After 21:00 trains only run between Senhor de Matosinhos and Trindade.

Flexity Outlook Eurotrams number 001–072 service the line.

Line B/Bx
Flexity Swift on Line B
Póvoa de Varzim – Estádio do Dragão
  • Travel time (B): 61 minutes
  • Travel time (Bx): 53 minutes
  • Headway: 30 minutes (each service)

Line B or the Red Line has 35 stations and is the longest line of the system. The line reuses, for almost its entire length, the route of the old Póvoa Line, which connected Trindade to Póvoa de Varzim. Line B was Porto Metro's second line to open. Initially the line only ran between Estádio do Dragão and Senhora da Hora, thus sharing the route with Line A. On March 13, 2005, an extension was opened between Senhora da Hora and Pedras Rubras. On March 18, 2006, after successive delays, the final section to Póvoa de Varzim was officially inaugurated.

The line has two types of services between Póvoa de Varzim and Estádio do Dragão: regular, which stops at all stations; and the Bx express, which only stops only at Portas Fronhas, Vila do Conde, Varziela, Mindelo and Pedras Rubras, between Póvoa de Varzim and Senhora da Hora. From early summer 2011 the express service was expanded to operate daily.

In July 2016, Porto Metro announced that an additional infill station, Modivas Norte, will be added at The Style Outlet. The work is financed 50% by the mall management and will cost a total of €1.2 million.[4] Although no extensions are planned, consideration was given to use the abandoned Famalicão branch to reach Barreiros, near Avenida 25 de Abril, via Mourões. Beyond Póvoa de Varzim the right-of-way has been converted into a cycle path in order to preserve the branch.

Line C
ISMAI – Campanhã
  • Travel time: 41 minutes
  • Headway: 15 minutes
  • Line C near the Forum Maia station
  • Aliados station entrance

Line D
Santo Ovídio – Hospital São João
Travel time: 25 minutes
Minimum headway: 5 / 10 minutes

Line E
Aeroporto – Trindade
Travel time: 35 minutes
Headway: 30 minutes

Line F
Senhora da Hora – Fânzeres
Travel time: 39 minutes
Headway: 15 minutes

Funicular dos Guindais
Main article: Funicular dos Guindais
Car of the funicular. In the background, the Ferdinand Wall of Porto.

The Metro do Porto company also operates the Funicular of Guindais, a cable-car system that was originally built in 1891 and was recently remodelled. It connects the riverside area of Ribeira to higher ground at Batalha, near the São Bento station.

Future expansion
Line D: Connection to Vila D'Este.
Line G: Casa da Música to São Bento.[5] The construction is to be started in 2019 and is planned to take three years.[6]

Network map

See also

References
  1. Webb, Mary (ed.) (2009). Jane's Urban Transport Systems 2009–2010, p. 277. Coulsdon, Surrey (UK): Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2903-6.
  2. Gestores do Metro do Porto recebem €650 mil de prémios, Expresso newspaper, 18 February 2006, accessed March 2007 (in Portuguese)
  3. Metro do Porto fechou exercício com resultado negativo de 122 milhões de euros Archived 2011-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, Diário Económico website, 7 March 2007, accessed March 2007 (in Portuguese)
  4. "Metro do Porto vai ter nova Estação em Modivas Norte". Retrieved 2016-07-08.
  5. "Mais 6 quilómetros. 7 novas estações. Metro do Porto vai crescer" (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. 7 February 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  6. "A nova linha do Metro do Porto vai ligar a Casa da Música a S. Bento" (in Portuguese). NIT. 7 February 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
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