Paniai Lakes languages

The Paniai Lakes languages, also known as the Wissel Lakes or Wissel Lakes – Kemandoga River, are a small family of closely related Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in the Paniai Lakes region of the highlands of Irian Jaya in the Paniai Lakes region of West Papua. Foley (2003) considers their Trans–New Guinea status to be established.

Paniai Lakes
Wissel Lakes
Geographic
distribution		Paniai Lakes and highlands of Irian Jaya
Linguistic classificationTrans–New Guinea
Glottologpani1259[1]

Languages

The languages are:[2]

They are most closely related to the Dani languages, Amung and Dem.[2]

Pronouns

Independent pronouns and possessive prefixes are:

sgdupl
1 *ani, *na-*ina*ini, *ni-
2 *aka, *ka-*ika*iki
3 *oka, *e-

Evolution

Paniai Lakes reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[3]

Ekari language:

  • ama ‘breast’ < *amu
  • benáî ‘arm’ < *mbena
  • modo ‘belly’ < *mundun
  • ama ‘breast’ < *amu
  • kado ‘skin’ < *k(a,o)(nd,t)apu
  • yame ‘louse’ < *niman
  • mei- ‘come’ < *me
  • wawa ‘father’ < *mbapa
  • mana ‘speech, talk’ < *mana ‘instructions’
  • tani ‘sun’ < *ketane

Moni language:

  • ama ‘breast’ < *amu
  • (duku)mudu ‘heart’ < *mundun ‘internal organs, belly’
  • ada ‘skin’ < *k(a,o)(nd,t)apu
  • pane ‘woman’ < *panV
  • timu ‘night’ < *k(i,u)tuma
  • homa ‘stone’ < *ka(mb,m)uCV
  • usa ‘tree’ < *inda
  • me- ‘come’ < *me-

References
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Paniai Lakes". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. NewGuineaWorld
  3. Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
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