Moma language
Moma (also Kulawi) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Historically, it is derived from the Kaili dialect cluster, but is divergent due to strong influence from Uma.[1][3]
| Moma | |
|---|---|
| Kulawi | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sulawesi |
Native speakers | 5,500 (2000)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | myl |
| Glottolog | moma1242[2] |
Phonology
The sound inventory of Moma is described by Adriani and Esser (1939) as follows:[3]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ? | |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | g | ||
| Prenasalized plosive | voiceless | ᵐp | ⁿt | ᶮc | ᵑk | |
| voiced | ᵐb | ⁿd | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | h | ||||
| voiced | β | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Approximant | l | j | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
Like many other languages on Sulawesi, Moma only has open syllables.[4]
Grammar
Moma has the following pronoun sets:[3]
| independent | enclitic | prefixed | suffixed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.sg. | aku | -a | ku- | -ku |
| 2.sg. | iko | -ko | nu- | -mu |
| 3.sg. | hia | -i | na- | -na |
| 1.pl. incl. | kita | -ta | ta- | -ta |
| 1.pl. excl. | kami | -kami | ki- | -kami |
| 2.pl. | komi | -komi | ni- | -mi |
| 3.pl. | hira | -ra | ra- | -ra |
References
- Moma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Moma". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Adriani, N. and S. J. Esser. (1939). Koelawische taalstudien. (Bibliotheca Celebica, I, II, III.) Bandoeng: A. C. Nix. viii+91+90+113pp. (3 vols).
- Sneddon, J. N. (1993). "The Drift Towards Final Open Syllables in Sulawesi Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 32 (1): 1–44. JSTOR 3623095.
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