List of mammals of Europe

This is a list of European mammals. It includes all mammals currently found in Europe (from northeast Atlantic to Ural Mountains and northern slope of Caucasus Mountains), whether resident or as regular migrants. Moreover, species occurring in Cyprus, Canary Islands (Spain) and Azores (Portugal) are listed here. If geographical range of given European mammal additionally overlaps Turkey, it is noted in some of cases. This checklist does not include species found only in captivity or extinct in Europe, except where there is some doubt about this. Each species is listed, with its binomial name and notes on its distribution where this is limited. Introduced species are also noted.

ExtinctionExtinctionEndangered speciesVulnerable speciesThreatened species

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX - extinct, EW - extinct in the wild
CR - critically endangered, EN - endangered VU - vulnerable
NT - near threatened, LC - least concern
DD - data deficient, NE - not evaluated
(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014[1])

Eulipotyphlans

Erinaceidae
Hedgehogs

Talpidae
Moles
Desmans

Soricidae (shrews)

Primates

Bats

Pteropodidae (megabat)

Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats)

Vespertilionidae (evening bats)

Miniopteridae
  • Schreibers' bat, Miniopterus schreibersii NT

Molossidae (free-tailed bats)

Nycteridae (slit-faced bats)

Lagomorphs
The European hare

Leporidae (leporids)

Rodents

Sciuridae (squirrels)
An alpine marmot

Castoridae
  • European beaver, Castor fiber LC (Scandinavia, Estonia, Russia, France, Netherlands and Germany)

Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)

Gliridae (dormice)

Muroids::Spalacidae (spalacids)
  • Greater mole rat, Spalax microphthalmus LC (eastern Europe)
  • Lesser mole rat, Spalax leucodon DD (eastern Europe)
  • Podolsk mole rat, Spalax zemni VU (eastern Europe)
  • Sandy mole-rat, Spalax arenarius EN (eastern Europe)
  • Balkan mole rat, Spalax graecus NT
  • Nehring's blind mole rat, Spalax nehringi DD (may occur in Greece)

Muroids::Cricetidae
Hamsters
  • Common hamster, Cricetus cricetus LC (eastern Europe)
  • Gray dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius LC (Balkans)
  • Romanian hamster, Mesocricetus newtoni NT (shores of the Black Sea)
Lemmings
Voles
  • Bank vole, Myodes glareolus LC
  • Northern red-backed vole, Myodes rutilus LC
  • Grey red-backed vole, Myodes rufocanus LC
  • Balkan snow vole, Dinaromys bogdanovi VU
  • European water vole, Arvicola amphibius LC
  • Montane water vole, Arvicola scherman LC
  • Southwestern water vole, Arvicola sapidus VU (Spain and France)
  • Field vole, Microtus agrestis LC
  • Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
  • Sibling vole, Microtus epiroticus (M. levis: LC)
  • Root vole, Microtus oeconomus LC
  • Snow vole, Microtus nivalis LC
  • Gunther's vole, Microtus guentheri LC
  • Cabrera's vole, Microtus cabrerae NT
  • Bavarian pine vole, Microtus bavaricus CR
  • European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
  • East European vole, Microtus levis LC
  • Social vole, Microtus socialis LC
  • Felten's vole, Microtus felteni DD
  • Gerbe's vole, Microtus gerbei LC
  • Savi's pine vole, Microtus savii LC
  • Calabria pine vole, Microtus brachycercus LC (formerly in Microtus savii, Italy)
  • Alpine pine vole, Microtus multiplex LC
  • Tatra pine vole, Microtus tatricus LC
  • Liechtenstein's pine vole, Microtus liechtensteini LC
  • Mediterranean pine vole, Microtus duodecimcostatus LC
  • Lusitanian pine vole, Microtus lusitanicus LC
  • Thomas's pine vole, Microtus thomasi LC
  • Major's pine vole, Microtus majori LC
  • Steppe lemming, Lagurus lagurus LC
  • Northern mole vole, Ellobius talpinus LC

Muroids::Muridae
Old World rats and mice
Spiny mice
  • Cretan spiny mouse, Acomys minous DD (Crete)
Jirds
  • Tristram's jird, Meriones tristrami LC (Greek island of Kos)
  • Tamarisk jird, Meriones tamariscinus LC (eastern Europe)
  • Midday jird, Meriones meridianus LC (eastern Europe)

Muroids::Dipodidae (dipodids)
Birch mice
  • Hungarian birch mouse, Sicista (subtilis) trizona EN (Hungary)
  • Nordmann’s birch mouse, Sicista loriger VU (eastern Europe)
Jerboas
  • Dwarf fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus pumilio LC (eastern Europe)
  • Great jerboa, Allactaga major LC (eastern Europe)
  • Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater LC (eastern Europe)
  • Northern three-toed jerboa, Dipus sagitta LC (eastern Europe)
  • Thick-tailed three-toed jerboa, Stylodipus telum LC (eastern Europe)

Carnivorans

Ursidae (bears)

Canidae
European jackal (Canis aureus moreotica), a subspecies of golden jackal

Mustelidae (weasel)

Viverridae (viverrids)

Felidae (cats)
The Eurasian lynx

Phocidae (earless seals)

Odobenidae

Odd-toed ungulates

Equidae (horse)

Even-toed ungulates

Suidae (pigs)

Bovidae (bovid)

Cervidae (deer)

Cetacea

Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins)
Killer whale
Bottlenose dolphin
  • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis LC
  • Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC (Mediterranean subpopulation: VU)
  • Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis DD
  • Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC
    (Mediterranean subpopulation: EN, ssp. ponticus: VU)
  • Bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC
    (Mediterranean subpopulation: VU, ssp. ponticus: EN)
  • White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
  • Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus LC
  • Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei LC (Canary Islands in Africa)
  • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
  • Killer whale, Orcinus orca DD
  • Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus LC (Mediterranean subpopulation: DD)
  • Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas DD (Mediterranean subpopulation: DD)
  • Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus DD
  • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD

Phocoenidae (porpoises)
  • Common porpoise, Phocoena phocoena LC
    (Baltic Sea subpopulation: CR, ssp. relicta - Black Sea harbour porpoise: EN)

Monodontidae

Kogiidae
  • Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps DD
  • Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima DD

Physeteridae
  • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU (Mediterranean subpopulation: EN)

Ziphiidae (beaked whales)
  • Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus DD
  • Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris DD
  • True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus DD
  • Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD
  • Grays beaked whale, Mesoplodon grayi DD
  • Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus DD
  • Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris LC (Mediterranean subpopulation: DD)

Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
Humpback whale
  • Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN (ssp. musculus North Atlantic stock: VU)
  • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN (Mediterranean subpopulation: VU)
  • Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
  • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC
  • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD (Canary Islands in Africa)
  • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC

Eschrichtiidae
  • North Atlantic gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus EX (possible vagrant from Pacific was recorded in 2010[9])

Balaenidae
  • Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus LC
    (Svalbard-Barents Sea (Spitsbergen) subpopulation: CR)
  • North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis EN

Introduced animals

Macropodidae (macropods)

Erinaceidae

Sciuridae (squirrels)

Myocastoridae
  • Coypu, Myocastor coypus LC (introduced)

Muroids::Cricetidae
Hamsters
Muskrat
  • Muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus LC (introduced)

Muroids::Muridae
Old World rats and mice

Canidae

Mustelidae (weasel)

Herpestidae (mongooses)

Procyonidae

Mephitidae

Camelidae (camels)

Bovidae (bovid)

Cervidae (deer)
  • Sika deer, Cervus nippon LC (introduced)
  • Chital, Axis axis LC (introduced)
  • White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus LC (introduced)
  • Chinese muntjac, Muntiacus reevesi LC (Britain, Ireland, Japan, Holland, Belgium, introduced)
  • Chinese water deer, Hydropotes inermis VU (Britain, France, introduced)

See also

Further reading
  • Macdonald D., Barrett P., Collins Field Guide: Mammals of Britain & Europe, HarperCollinsPublishers, London, 1993, ISBN 0-00-219779-0
  • Görner M., Hackethal H., Beobachten und bestimmen: Säugetiere Europas, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, Radebeul, 1987, ISBN 3-7402-0025-1

Notes
  1. According to the IUCN Red List this distribution needs to be confirmed and bats from North Africa are treated as Pipistrellus kuhlii.[3]

References
  1. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  2. Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 474–475. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. Piraccini, R. 2016. Pipistrellus hesperidus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T136741A22035802. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136741A22035802.en. Downloaded on 06 January 2018.
  4. Ellerman, J. R. and Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966). Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Second edition. British Museum of Natural History, London. Pp. 306–307
  5. WWF (2007) Strategy for the Conservation of the Leopard in the Caucasus Ecoregion. Strategic Planning Workshop on Leopard Conservation in the Caucasus. Tbilisi, Georgia, 30 May – 1 June 2007
  6. Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 11).
  7. "The Last Truly Wild Horses Are Alive and Well in Chernobyl". Popular Mechanics. October 17, 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  8. "'Mother Nature recovers amazingly fast': reviving Ukraine's rich wetlands". The Guardian. December 27, 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  9. King, Anthony (20 August 2015). "Are grey whales climate change's big winners?". The Irish Times.
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