List of human stampedes and crushes

This is a list of notable human stampedes and crushes. Many such accidents are also in list of accidents and disasters by death toll.

Before the 18th century
  • In 80, Flavius Josephus recorded that in 66 AD, at around the beginning of the First Roman–Jewish War, a Roman soldier mooned Jewish pilgrims at the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem who had gathered for Passover, and "spake such words as you might expect upon such a posture" causing a riot in which youths threw stones at the soldiers, who then called in reinforcements – the pilgrims panicked, and the ensuing stampede resulted in the death of ten thousand Jews.[1][2]

18th century
  • 11 October 1711: 245 people were killed in a crush on the Guillotière bridge (fr) in Lyon, France. This was caused when a large crowd returning from a festival on the other side of the Rhône became trapped against an obstruction in the middle of the bridge caused by a collision between a carriage and a cart.
  • 30 May 1770: At least 133 died when a fireworks display at what is now the Place de la Concorde in Paris, a celebration of the wedding of the future Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, set mannequins and other decorations aflame, leading to a panic in which many were trampled and others drowned in the adjacent Seine. Some historians have put the total death toll at up to 3000.[3]

19th century
Estimated Deaths Date Name Nat. Principal victims
27-34+February 23, 18071807 Newgate stampedeUnited KingdomDozens of spectators were crushed to death when part of a crowd of around 40,000 witnessing an execution at Newgate Prison surged forward after a wooden cart collapsed.
5,000March 29, 1809Ponte das BarcasPortugalThousands of Portuguese civilians died trying to cross the Ponte das Barcas bridge in a desperate attempt to escape the troops of Marshal Soult, assaulting Oporto in the context of the Napoleonic Wars. The bridge of twenty barges was not able to endure the pressure of the terrorized multitude, and collapsed.[4][5]
110February 12, 1823Carnival tragedy of 1823MaltaAbout 110 children died in a crush while attempting to leave the Convent of the Minori Osservanti in Valletta, Malta during the Carnival celebrations.[6]
19October 10, 1872Ostrów Wielkopolski SynagoguePoland19 women and children were killed in a stampede and resulting stairs collapse in a synagogue in Ostrów Wielkopolski during the fast of Yom Kippur. Failure of gas lighting engulfed a synagogue balcony (apparently, the women's gallery) in darkness, causing panic among the women.[7]
278December 5, 1876Brooklyn Theatre fireUnited StatesCrushes on gallery and balcony staircases during the Brooklyn Theatre fire delayed the evacuation of the building, a contributing factor in the deaths of at least 278 individuals.[8]
12May 30, 1883Brooklyn BridgeUnited States12 people were killed and dozens injured after a woman tripped on the stairway at the Brooklyn Bridge, which had been open for eight days at the time. The crush was exacerbated by fears the bridge was about to collapse.[9]
183June 16, 1883Victoria Hall disasterUnited Kingdom183 children aged between 3 and 14 were crushed when over 1,100 children surged down a blocked stairway to collect gifts from the entertainers after the end of a variety show in Sunderland.
40October 14, 1883UnnamedRussian EmpireFalse shouts of fire in the women's gallery in the synagogue of Ziwonka, Podolia caused a crush as people rushed towards the exit.[10]
1,389May 18, 1896Khodynka TragedyRussian EmpireA crush of those desiring to get presents during the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II – 1,300 more were injured.

20th century
Estimated Deaths Date Name Nation Place Description
115September 19, 1902Shiloh Baptist Church disasterUnited StatesBirmingham, AlabamaThe stampede claimed the lives of people attending a convention featuring Booker T. Washington, following a false fire alarm.
602December 30, 1903Iroquois Theatre FireUnited StatesChicago, IllinoisMany people died of crush asphyxiation in the rush to escape.
16January 11, 1908Barnsley Public Hall DisasterUKBarnsley, South YorkshireThe 16 who died were children.
175March 4, 1908Collinwood school fireUnited StatesCollinwood, OhioOne rescue worker, two teachers, and 172 children between the ages of five and fifteen were killed. Most of the children were killed in a stairwell when some were trying to escape down the stairs while others, who had found escape impossible that way, were trying to flee up the stairs.
73December 24, 1913Italian Hall DisasterUnited StatesCalumet, MichiganPeople were crushed to death, and the event is considered the source for the often-cited legal limit of protected speech, i.e., that one may not falsely shout "Fire!" in a crowded theater.
71December 31, 1929Glen Cinema disasterUKPaisley, RenfrewshireThe Glen Cinema disaster was caused by a smoking film canister in the cinema. The resulting panic and crush killed 69 children and injured 40; the final death toll was 71.
76January 8, 1934Kyoto Railroad Station TragedyJapanKyōto StationA crowd of about 10,000 saying farewell to 750 recruits of the Imperial Japanese Navy collapsed at the bottom of a stairway from a viaduct leading over the tracks down to the platform. The number far exceeded the station's capacity.[11]
354October 23, 1942unnamedItalyGenoaPeople were killed by stampede during an attack by the RAF Bomber Command in WWII as they made their way into Galleria delle Grazie, a railway tunnel in use as an air-raid shelter. Rushing down the 150 steps leading underground into the shelter, people fell on top of one another in a crush, accounting for the extremely heavy toll of the stampede.[12]
173March 3, 1943Bethnal Green tube station disasterUKLondonPeople were entering the station during an air-raid alert, and a woman holding a child lost her footing and fell down the stairs, leading to the crowd falling around her in a crush.
168July 6, 1944Hartford circus fireUnited StatesHartford, ConnecticutA fire broke out at a performance of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus, killing between 167 and 169 people. Many died after being trampled by other spectators, with some asphyxiating underneath the piles of people who fell over each other. Most of the dead were found in piles, some three bodies deep, at the most congested exits. A small number of people were found alive at the bottoms of these piles, protected by the bodies on top of them when the burning big top ultimately fell down.
33March 9, 1946Burnden Park disasterUKBoltonAt an FA Cup Quarter-final, people were killed when the collapse of two crash barriers in an overcrowded stand led to the crowd falling forward upon each other.
53April 9, 1952unnamedVenezuelaCaracas50 people were trampled to death when a "terrorist"[13] or a group of thieves[14] shouted "Fire!" in the Santa Teresa church. 40 people were arrested in connection with the stampede.[13][15] Two men who were arrested on the day of the stampede were released. Police chief Aníbal Rojas said that the stampede started when an elderly devotee brushed against the veil which was holding candles in head, making a small fire, the small flare made someone believe that a fire spread and gave the alarm.[16]
109March 9, 1953Stalin funeral stampedeRussia, USSRMoscowA stampede resulted from public's efforts to pay respect to Joseph Stalin's coffin.[17]
500–800February 3, 19541954 Kumbh Mela stampedeIndiaKumbh Mela, AllahabadA surging crowd broke through the barriers separating them from a procession of sadhus and holy men of various akharas, resulting in a stampede.
124January 1, 1956unnamedJapanYahikoPeople were killed during the New Year panic and stampede at the Yahiko Shinto shrine in central Niigata.
328May 24, 1964Estadio Nacional disasterPeruEstadio Nacional de LimaIn the worst disaster in association football history home fans disputing a referee's decision began a pitch invasion and the Peruvian police fired tear gas canisters into one of the grandstands to prevent further fans from invading the field of play, causing panic so that departing spectators moved down the enclosed stairways, pressing those in the lead against solid corrugated steel shutters at the bottom of tunnels, which were closed. The shutters finally burst outward from pressure of the crush of bodies inside. All of those that died were killed in the jammed stairwells, most from internal haemorrhaging by crushing pressure, or by asphyxia. An additional 500 people were injured, many critically.[18]
71June 23, 1968Puerta 12 TragedyArgentinaEl Monumental Stadium, Buenos AiresFans were caught in a crush at the bottom of the stairs leaving through Gate 12 (Puerta 12 in Spanish). The exact cause for this crowd collapse is not known for certain, though rival fans might have been throwing burning paper, causing an escape panic. Other accounts say that the gate was closed, either by police or by other fans, intentionally or unintentionally. Still others argue that it was a simple matter of too many fans going through a gate that was narrower than the staircase leading to it. The Puerta 12 Tragedy remains the deadliest sports-related event in Argentine history.
66January 2, 1971Second Ibrox DisasterUKIbrox Stadium, GlasgowPeople were killed when the collapse of stairway barriers occurred after someone fell as fans were leaving the stadium, leading to a crush. The tragedy included many children who died, and most of the deaths were caused by compressive asphyxia, with bodies being stacked up to six feet deep in the area. More than 200 others were injured.
11December 3, 19791979 The Who concert disasterUnited StatesRiverfront Coliseum, CincinnatiPeople were killed during a crush at a concert by The Who. The incident led to a reduced use of festival seating at U.S. venues.
7July 9, 1980UnnamedBrazilFortaleza, CearáOn the 10th day of Pope John Paul II's visit to Brazil, in an effort to get good seats, the crowd at the Castelao Stadium broke down an unguarded gate and trampled those killed in the rush.[19][20]
21February 8, 1981Karaiskakis Stadium disasterGreeceKaraiskakis Stadium, PiraeusWhile some fans were exiting the stadium, some lost their balance and fell on the last steps; soon dozens fell onto each other and were stepped over by a horde of unsuspecting fans who kept coming. 19 people died at the scene, while two more died of their wounds in hospital. At least 55 were wounded.
66October 20, 1982Luzhniki disasterRussia, USSRLuzhniki Stadium, MoscowA crush began after a person fell and a dense moving crowd, their direction limited by metal banisters, pushed over the fallen, crushing them. Others stumbled over the bodies in a domino effect creating a large chain-reaction pile-up of people.[21]
39May 29, 1985Heysel Stadium disasterBelgiumHeysel Stadium, BrusselsA crush occurred by a collapsing wall when fans escaping a confrontation between competing fan groups were pressed against it in the stadium before the start of the 1985 European Cup Final. 600 were injured, and the disaster was later described as "the darkest hour in the history of the UEFA competitions".[22]
28December 26, 1987unknownChinaChengguan Primary School, Shanyang CountyIn the Chengguan Primary School, at around 7 a.m., children rushed out of their classrooms after a bell called all pupils to attend a weekly school assembly on the sports field. One metal door at one end of the building was locked, causing the children from all 18 classes to rush down an unlighted stairwell to the only other exit, and some in the front fell over; within minutes, four children were dead and 100 more were injured; more died in the hospitals, raising the death toll to 28, while 60 remained hospitalized, eight seriously injured.[23][24]
93March 13, 1988Kathmandu stadium disasterNepalDasarath Rangasala StadiumWhen fans at Nepal's national football stadium stampeded for the exits during a hailstorm, they surged towards the only cover (the west stand). The crowd was beaten back by police, but when they returned to the south terrace, a crush developed in a tunnel exit through the terrace and could not escape because the stadium doors were locked, causing a fatal crush at the front of the crowd. 100 more were injured.
2August 20, 1988unnamedUKDonington ParkFans died during a Guns N' Roses concert at a Monsters of Rock festival where they were crushed to death after a 50-person crowd collapse following a surge, 15 yards from the stage. Rolling Stone reported the band members said they stopped playing several times to try to calm fans.[25] Upon exiting the stage, Axl Rose shouted to fans to have a good day and "... don't kill yourselves," but was unaware of the deaths at the time.[25] The head of concert security, present at the scene, wrote a presentation paper about the event for a seminar on mass crowd events.[26]
96April 15, 1989Hillsborough disasterUKHillsborough Stadium, SheffieldIn one of the world's worst football disasters, 766 people were injured, in addition to the people who died. The intensity of the crush broke the crush barriers on the terraces, while those trapped were packed so tightly in the pens that many victims died of compressive asphyxia while still standing. The 1990 official inquiry concluded that the primary cause was the failure of police control, as too many people were let into the stadium. A 2012 reinvestigation concluded that crowd safety was compromised at every level by lack of police control.
1,426July 2, 19901990 Mecca tunnel tragedySaudi ArabiaMina, MeccaA blockage at a pedestrian tunnel exits (Al-Ma'aisim tunnel) leading out from Mecca towards Mina, Saudi Arabia and the Plains of Arafat led to deaths by suffocation of many religious pilgrims while they were traveling to perform the Stoning of the Devil ritual during the Hajj.
40January 13, 1991Orkney Stadium DisasterSouth AfricaOppenheimer Stadium, OrkneyPeople were killed at a football match attended by about 30,000 fans in a stadium with a capacity for 23,000. When brawls broke out, people panicked, and trying to escape, were crushed against riot-control fences in the melee.
3January 24, 1991AC/DC Concert DeathsUnited StatesSalt Palace (arena), SLC3 People were killed at an AC/DC Concert attended by 13,294 fans in an arena, with 4,400 of those had “festival style seating.”[27] Two 14-year-old boys and a 19-year-old woman were crushed to death as the crowd surged toward the stage as the band played "Thunderstruck."[28]
42February 13, 1991unnamedMexicoChalma sanctuaryBeyond those who died, an additional 55 religious pilgrims were injured after being overwhelmed by a crowd trying to enter the atrium of the sanctuary church to receive the divine signal from the ashes. The crowd pushed on for access to the atrium, with most the dead and injured being trampled.[29]
105September 24, 19911991 Taiyuan Illumination show stampede (Chinese)ChinaJikong Bridge, Shanxi ProvinceIn a major festival in Taiyuan, China, large crowds of unknown size arrived in Yingze Park to see lanterns at a light festival. Crowds moving in opposite directions were crossing a poorly lit bridge. Some fell into the water and were drowned; others were killed in the crowd collapse and crush on the west side of the bridge. In all, 105 people were killed and 108 more were injured.[30][31]
9December 28, 1991unnamedUnited StatesCity College New YorkAt an oversold charity basketball game featuring rap stars, people were killed and 29 others injured while entering an overcrowded gymnasium while funneling through a small stairwell area.[32]
0*June 27, 1992unnamedGermanyOlympiastadion, Munich*More than 500 people were injured when the crowd at Michael Jackson's debut Dangerous concert became hysterical and began rushing at the barriers, causing several people to have to be lifted from the crowd.
21January 1, 1993unnamedBritish Hong KongLan Kwai FongPeople were killed and 67 injured as a crowd of 15,000 to 20,000 revellers celebrated New Year's Eve in the Hong Kong night-club district, controlled by 118 police officers. The victims were mostly teenagers and young people in their 20s. The Independent reported witnesses as saying it was impossible to distinguish between the yelps of the partying crowd and the victims' agonized screams.[33][34][35]
0*October 30, 1993The Camp Randall CrushUnited StatesCamp Randall Stadium, Madison, Wisconsin*73 student fans were injured by a crowd crush, six critically, when students charged the field in celebration after Wisconsin Badgers football game.
270May 23, 1994unnamedSaudi ArabiaJamarat Bridge, MeccaReligious pilgrims were killed and injured during a stampede at the stoning of the Devil ritual.
113November 23, 19941994 Gowari stampedeIndiaNagpur, MaharashtraGowari people in a political protest, mostly women and children, perished in a stampede triggered by the cane-wielding police who attempted to prevent the estimated crowd of 40,000 from pressing towards the Vidhan Bhavan, Nagpur. 500 more people were injured.
83October 16, 1996The October 16 disasterGuatemalaEstadio Mateo Flores, Guatemala CityIn addition to those who died, 147 more people were injured on the steep stadium stairway prior to the World Cup qualifying match. The crowd was estimated at 50,000 in the stadium designed to seat 37,500.
0*January 1, 1997Hogmanay New Year CelebrationScotlandEdinburghA densely packed crowd of 350,000 gathered in Edinburgh for the annual celebration. Barriers and railings were bent down by crowd pressure. Thirty-four suffered crush and trample injuries, and one was treated for asphyxia. *This event is notable due to the number of crowd injuries and the size of the crowd.[36]
118April 9, 1998unnamedSaudi ArabiaJamarat Bridge, MeccaHajj pilgrims were trampled to death, 180 more injured in an incident on Jamarat Bridge.[37]
53January 14, 19991999 Sabarimala stampedeIndiaSabarimala shrine, KeralaWhen a landslide caused a cave-in at a temple during a Hindu pilgrimage on the day of Makara Jyothi, panic ensued and 200,000 male devotees stampeded as the hill upon which they stood collapsed into the temple. The BBC reported that "Some of the dead were buried in the collapse, but most died in a stampede to avoid the landslide."[38]
53May 30, 1999Nyamiha disasterBelarusNemiga metro station, MinskA sudden thunderstorm caused a number of young people to race for nearby shelter during an open-air concert. The stampede was funneled toward the underpass of the metro station and many people were killed in the crush when they started slipping on the wet pavement, falling and trampling each other.
6December 4, 1999"Air & Style" crowd crushAustriaBergisel stadium in Innsbruck"Severe crowd accumulation" at one exit went unrecognized. Darkness, a steep slope and a slippery surface were contributing factors, but "panic did not occur at any time." Six were killed, four were left in a vegetative state, and 38 were injured.[39]
9June 30, 2000Roskilde Festival disasterDenmarkRoskildeNine people were crushed after falling as the crowd rushed the stage. Another 26 people were injured, 3 of them seriously.

21st century
Estimated Deaths Date Name Nation Place Description
35March 5, 2001UnnamedSaudi ArabiaMina35 Hajj pilgrims were trampled to death in a stampede during the Stoning of the Devil ritual in Mina, Saudi Arabia.[40]
43April 11, 2001Ellis Park Stadium disasterSouth AfricaJohannesburg43 people were crushed in the Ellis Park Stadium disaster in Johannesburg, South Africa.
127May 9, 2001Accra Sports Stadium disasterGhanaAccra Sports Stadium127 killed at a football match between Kumasi Asante Kotoko and Accra Hearts of Oak in Accra Sports Stadium, Ghana after police fired tear gas at rioters.[41]
11July 21, 2001Akashi crowd crushJapanAkashi, Hyōgo11 people killed and 247 injured by a crowd crush after a fireworks show in Akashi, Hyōgo.[42]
7December 21, 2001UnnamedBulgariaSofia7 children, aged 10 to 14, were crushed to death on the stairway leading to the entrance of a discothèque in Sofia, Bulgaria.[43]
14February 11, 2003UnnamedSaudi ArabiaMinaThe Stoning of the Devil ritual claimed 14 pilgrims' lives.[44]
21February 17, 20032003 E2 nightclub stampedeUnited StatesChicago, Illinois21 people were killed in the stairway exit to E2, a nightclub in Chicago, Illinois, after a pepper spray was used on an upper-story dance floor.
100February 20, 2003The Station nightclub fireUnited StatesWest Warwick, Rhode Island100 killed in The Station nightclub fire in West Warwick, Rhode Island, many of them trampled.
251February 1, 20042004 Hajj stampedeSaudi ArabiaMina251 people were killed at Jamarat Bridge in Mecca during the stoning of the devil.
37February 5, 20042004 Miyun stampedeChinaMiyun County, BeijingAt least 37 people were killed and 15 were injured when a crowd stampeded during Lantern Festival in Mihong Park, Miyun County, Beijing, China.[45]
21April 12, 2004Saree StampedeIndiaLucknowAt least 21 women were killed in a stampede after people rushed to collect free sarees in Lucknow, India. Referred to as Saree Stampede.[46]
3September 1, 2004UnnamedSaudi ArabiaJeddahThree died in a Saudi IKEA shop stampede.[47]
291January 25, 2005Mandher Devi temple stampedeIndiaMaharashtra291 people were killed as Hindu pilgrims stampeded near Mandhradevi temple in Maharashtra, India.
7March 25, 2005UnnamedIranTehran7 people killed in a stampede after Iran-Japan match (2006 FIFA World Cup qualification) when leaving Azadi Stadium, Tehran, Iran.[48]
953August 31, 2005Baghdad bridge stampedeIraqBaghdadAt least 953 people were killed in the Baghdad bridge stampede.[49]
42December 18, 20052005 December Chennai stampedeIndiaChennai42 people were killed as flood relief supplies were handed out to homeless refugees in southern India.[50]
345January 12, 20062006 Hajj stampedeSaudi ArabiaMina345 were killed at Jamarat Bridge in Mecca during the stoning of the devil.
3February 4, 2006UnnamedBrazilSão Paulo3 people were killed during a stampede at an overcrowded concert by Mexican group RBD in São Paulo, Brazil. The concert took placed at a supermarket parking lot.[51]
78February 4, 2006PhilSports Arena StampedePhilippinesMetro Manila78 people were killed in the PhilSports Arena stampede in the Philippines. The place was the location of the first anniversary of ABS-CBN's Wowowee.
51September 12, 2006UnnamedYemenIbb Governorate51 were killed and more than 200 injured at a stampede in Ibb Governorate, Yemen.[52]
12June 2, 2007UnnamedZambiaChililabombwe12 people were killed during a stampede at the end of a football game between Zambia and Republic of Congo in Chililabombwe, Zambia.[53]
14October 3, 2007UnnamedIndiaMughalsaraiAt least 14 women were crushed to death at a train station in northern India.[54]
6October 5, 2007UnnamedNorth KoreaSunchonAfter a crowd of 15,000 watched a public execution in a stadium in Sunchon, North Korea, 6 people were crushed to death and 34 injured.[55]
3November 11, 2007UnnamedChinaChongqing3 people were killed and more than 30 injured at the Supermarket Carrefour in Chongqing, China when the shop was offering 20% discounts on cooking oil.[56]
11February 9, 2008Tragedi AACC (AACC Tragedy), Sabtu Kelabu (Dark Saturday)IndonesiaBandung11 people were killed at the launching album concert of a Bandung metal band, Beside.[57]
9March 27, 2008UnnamedIndiaAshok Nagar, Madhya Pradesh9 people were killed and more than a dozen people were injured at an Indian temple crush during a pilgrimage.[58]
12June 20, 2008UnnamedMexicoMexico CityAt least 12 people were killed and 13 injured at a Mexico City nightclub stampede during a police raid.[59]
142August 3, 2008Naina Devi stampedeIndiaHimachal PradeshAt least 142 people were killed and 47 injured in a stampede at the Naina Devi temple in Himachal Pradesh in mountainous northern India after a rain shelter collapsed, which worshipers mistakenly took to be a landslide.
11September 14, 2008UnnamedDRCButemboAt least 11 people were killed when a riot was dispersed by tear gas during a football match in Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo.[60]
224September 30, 20082008 Jodhpur stampedeIndiaJodhpur224 people were killed and 425 were injured during the Jodhpur stampede at the Chamunda Devi temple in Jodhpur, India. The tragedy was caused by a rumor that a bomb was planted in the temple complex.[61] Local authorities, however, blamed steep, slippery slopes leading to the temple.[62]
20October 2, 2008UnnamedTanzaniaTaboraAbout 20 children died in a stampede in an overcrowded children's dance hall in Tanzania.[63]
1November 28, 2008UnnamedUnited StatesLong IslandA worker died at a Long Island Wal-Mart after being trampled in a Black Friday Wal-Mart Stampede.[64]
19March 29, 2009Houphouët-Boigny Arena stampedeCôte d'IvoireAbidjan19 people were killed and 130 injured in the Houphouët-Boigny Arena stampede at a football stadium in Côte d'Ivoire as fans tried to squeeze into the stadium for a World Cup qualifier.[65]
5September 9, 2009UnnamedIndiaDelhiFive students were killed and 33 injured, all adolescent girls, at a Government Secondary School in Delhi, India. Students had arrived at school in pouring rain, and a panic was triggered by a rumor that accumulated rainwater had become electrically charged. A crush occurred on a stairway when opposing traffic overwhelmed the capacity of the stairway.[66]
0*November 15, 20092009 Millennium Point (Birmingham) Concert StampedeUnited KingdomBirmingham*While there were no fatalities, approximately 60 people suffered injuries in the Millennium Point Concert Stampede when a crowd of over 20,000 turned up (only 5,000 had been planned for) at an outdoor area near the Millennium Point complex in Birmingham, UK. As attendees attempted to get closer to the stage, a surge forward resulted in the collapse of crowd control barriers, with some concert-goers trapped beneath them. The remainder of the event was cancelled in the interest of public safety.
8December 8, 2009UnnamedChinaXiangxiang city, HunanSeven boys and one girl aged between 11 and 14 years old were killed and 26 injured in result of a crush in Yucai Middle School in China. Fifty-two evening classes were dismissed at the same time, and the crush occurred when most of the students tried to exit down the same stairwell. It was raining outside, and that particular stairwell was closest to the dormitories.[67]
71March 4, 2010Pratapgarh stampedeIndiaKunda Pratapgarh, Uttar PradeshAt least 71 were killed and over 200 injured at Ram Janki Temple, in Kunda Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, in a stampede after the gates of the temple collapsed.
0*May 4, 2010UnnamedNetherlandsAmsterdam*63 people were injured when a panic-driven stampede broke out during the Remembrance of the Dead ceremony on Dam Square, Amsterdam.[68]
0*June 6, 2010UnnamedSouth AfricaTembisa, Johannesburg*14 people were injured when fans rushed to get inside Makhulong Stadium after free tickets were given out to a friendly soccer match between Nigeria and North Korea.[69]
21July 24, 2010Love Parade disasterGermanyDuisburg21 people were killed and more than 500 were injured during crowd turbulences at the Love Parade in Duisburg, Germany.[70]
347November 22, 2010Phnom Penh stampedeCambodiaPhnom PenhA stampede during a water festival near Cambodia's royal palace in Phnom Penh killed at least 347 people.
102January 15, 20112011 Sabarimala stampedeIndiaKerala102 people died and 100 were injured during a stampede near Sabarimala temple in Kerala, India.
3January 15, 2011UnnamedHungaryBudapest3 women died and 14 people were injured in a crush at the severely overcrowded West Balkans discothèque in Budapest, Hungary. Police found no evidence of violence, or threat of violence, and said there was no panic in the crowd. The three women died of suffocation, and none bore signs of violence, though one had amphetamine in her blood, which police said might have delayed her realization of the severity of the emergency. Approximately 2,500 patrons were in a club with certified capacity of 307. A total of 2,881 tickets had been sold for the event, and 4,000 had been printed. Five people were arrested, including the event promoters and the club owners. All were released, and a sixth person was arrested within two weeks, when the club was closed permanently. The three deaths were ruled to be the result of "human irresponsibility".[71][72][73]
12February 12, 2011UnnamedNigeriaPort HarcourtAt least 12 people were killed in a crush trying to leave a PDP political rally in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, after guards at the event did not open a larger gate, and shot into the air to try to disperse the crowds.[74][75]
2October 19, 2011UnnamedUnited KingdomNorthampton2 People killed in nightclub exit crush at Lava Ignite Northampton after public-address system announcements that people would miss their return coaches unless they left immediately. Overcrowding and a fire alarm contributed to a crush on the stairs. The company responsible for the venue Luminar Leisure entered administration shortly after.[76]
16November 8, 2011UnnamedIndiaHaridwar16 people were killed at Haridwar, India during a religious ceremony on the banks of Ganges river.[77]
2November 22, 2011UnnamedIndonesiaJakartaDuring a sold-out soccer final for the Southeast Asian Games at Gelora Bung Karno stadium, fans without tickets waiting outside rushed in when a gate was temporarily opened[78]
1January 10, 2012UnnamedSouth AfricaJohannesburgOne person died and twenty were injured in a crush at the front gates of the University of Johannesburg after they had begun processing application for their remaining university slots.[79]
74February 1, 2012Port Said Stadium riotEgyptPort SaidIn the Port Said Stadium, Al Masry fans attack Al-Ahly fans, caused a stampede with an outcome of 74 dead and 200 injured.[80]
3March 18, 2012UnnamedEgyptCairoThousands of mourners gathered in Cathedral Square in the Abbassiya section of Cairo, Egypt, to view the body of Coptic Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria, forming a one km long queue.[81] Three were killed and 137 injured in a crush. Viewing was cut short and the cathedral was closed to the public as a result of the incident.[82] More than two million were expected to converge on Abbassiya for the funeral, which would be held several days later.[83]
5November 1, 2012UnnamedSpainMadrid5 girls died in a panic-driven stampede during a Halloween party at a municipal arena of the city of Madrid, Spain.[84]
18November 19, 2012UnnamedIndiaPatna, BiharA stampede occurred during Chhath Puja at the Adalat Ganj area ghat in Patna. At least 20 more were also injured, several critically. While it was originally believed that a collapsed bamboo bridge was the cause, later investigations determined that electricity being cut on the ghat was what lead to panic.[85][86]
60January 1, 20132013 Houphouët-Boigny stampedeCôte d'IvoireAbidjan60 people were killed, including 26 children, and more than 200 injured in a stampede at the Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny during a New Year's fireworks celebration in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.[87]
10January 1, 2013UnnamedAngolaLuanda10 people were killed and 120 injured in Luanda, Angola, as they tried to enter the overcrowded Estádio da Cidadela for a New Year's Eve vigil.[88]
242January 27, 2013Kiss nightclub fireBrazilSanta MariaAt least 242 people were killed and 168 injured as a result of a nightclub fire in the city of Santa Maria, south region of Brazil. According to local authorities the fire began on stage after members of the band flared a pyrotechnic device that ignited flammable acoustic foam in the ceiling. Other reasons for the high death toll included the lack of emergency exits and the excessive number of people present.[89]
36February 10, 20132013 Kumbh Mela stampedeIndiaAllahabadDuring the Hindu festival Kumbh Mela, a stampede broke out at the train station in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, killing 36 people and injuring 39.[90]
4May 19, 2013UnnamedNigeriaLagos4 people were killed, and at least 13 people were injured, during a stampede of churchgoers trying to get free holy water that was being distributed at the SCOAN in Lagos, Nigeria.[91]
17July 14, 2013UnnamedIndonesiaNabire, Papua17 spectators were killed escaping the Kota Lama Sport Stadium when a riot broke after a local boxing competitor lost.[92]
115October 13, 20132013 Madhya Pradesh stampedeIndiaMadhya PradeshDuring the Hindu festival Navratri, a stampede broke out near the Ratangarh Mata Temple in Datia district, Madhya Pradesh, India, killing 115 people and injuring more than 100.[93]
28November 2, 2013UnnamedNigeriaUke, Anambra stateShortly after a vigil at the Holy Ghost Adoration Center, Uke in Anambra, Nigeria, at least 28 people were killed, and 200 injured in a crush on one of the narrow roads leading out of the town, though the center was over capacity.[94][95][96]
14January 5, 2014UnnamedChinaXiji County, Ningxia14 people were killed in a stampede at the Beida Mosque in Xiji County of Ningxia, China, due to mismanagement of crowds at the commemoration of a late religious figure.[97]
18January 18, 20142014 Mumbai stampedeIndiaMumbai18 people were killed, and at least 40 more were injured, when crowds coming to mourn Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin became trapped against a gate at his residence.[98]
24March 15, 20142014 Nigeria Immigration Recruitment TragedyNigeriaVariousBetween 16 and 24 recruits were killed and more than 119 were injured at several stadiums and other venues across Nigeria when 520,000 applicants were invited to take the aptitude test and physical exercises in order to get one of 4,556 available positions with the Nigerian Immigration Service. As many as one million might have shown up for the event at one of its 37 sites. In many cases, security forces fired their rifles into the air for crowd control, which triggered deadly panics. In at least one location the release of teargas had the same effect. In several locations there was no effective queuing, and all candidates had to enter the stadium through a single door.[99][100]
32October 3, 20142014 Patna stampedeIndiaPatnaAt least 32 people were killed and 26 injured in a stampede shortly after the Dasehra celebrations at the Gandhi Maidan, Patna, India.[101]
7October 10, 20142014 Multan stampedePakistanMultan DistrictAt least seven people died and 40 were injured as a result of a stampede at Qasim Bagh Stadium in Multan, Pakistan after the speech of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf chairman, Imran Khan. The opposition leader alleged that only two gates of the venue were opened at the end of the rally and the lights were also switched off, but this was later denied by the DCO and local authorities.[102]
11November 21, 2014Kwekwe stadium stampedeZimbabweKwekwe11 people died and 40 people were injured after a stampede in a stadium in Kwekwe, Zimbabwe.[103]
36December 31, 20142014 Shanghai stampedeChinaShanghai36 people died and 42 people were injured after a stampede during New Year's celebrations at The Bund, in Shanghai, China.[104][105]
28February 8, 201530 June Stadium StampedeEgyptCairo28 people died after a stampede that occurred at a football game in Cairo, Egypt.[106][107]
16February 17, 20152015 Haiti Carnival stampedeHaitiPort-au-PrinceMore than 16 people died after a stampede occurred during the Shrove Tuesday festival in Port-au-Prince, Haiti after a man was shocked by high-voltage wires.
23July 9, 2015UnnamedBangladeshMymensinghAt least 23 people were killed and 50 injured following a stampede at a free clothing drive in the northern Bangladeshi city of Mymensingh.[108][109]
27July 14, 2015UnnamedIndiaGodavari River, Andhra PradeshAt least 27 pilgrims died in a stampede on the banks of the Godavari River in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The Hindu pilgrims had gathered to take a dip in the river at the start of the Maha Pushkaralu festival.[110]
11August 10, 2015UnnamedIndiaJarkhand11 people died and at least 50 more were injured when people rushing the queue crushed those who fell and were asleep, at the Baidyanath Temple in Jharkhand, India.[111][112]
2,262September 24, 20152015 Mina stampedeSaudi ArabiaMinaAt least 2,262 Muslim pilgrims were killed in Mina, Saudi Arabia in an overcrowding incident during the Hajj pilgrimage. A further 934 were injured. The overall number of pilgrims is around 2 million according to the Saudi authorities, which is far less than the number of pilgrims in previous years (Haj / Pilgrim quotas of all countries were reduced due to ongoing construction work at the main Masjid Al-Haraam).[113]
3October 14, 2015UnnamedPolandBydgoszczA stampede during a party at the local university resulted in three deaths and over a dozen injuries in Bydgoszcz, Poland.[114]
12October 25, 2015UnnamedAfghanistanTaloqanTwelve girls aged ten to fifteen were killed and another 42 were injured in a crush on a stairway while trying to escape their school building in Taloqan, Afghanistan during a major earthquake.[115][116]
0*November 15, 2015UnnamedMaltaPaceville*While there were no fatalities, 74 people were injured, 2 of them critically, when a glass stairwell railing collapsed during a stampede out of the +1 Club in Paceville, Malta.[117]
300October 2, 20162016 Ethiopian protestsEthiopiaVarious52 to 300 people were killed during the annual thanksgiving festival of the Oromo people in Ethiopia after police confronted protesters during the 2016 Ethiopian protests, resulting in a human stampede.[118] The opposition political party in Ethiopia, Oromo Federalist Congress, claim the number of people confirmed dead were 678. While the government claims only tear gas and rubber bullets were fired by security forces on the ground as well as from the helicopter, eyewitness as well as some videos allegedly from the scene show security forces firing what seemed to be live rounds of ammunition.
24October 15, 2016UnnamedIndiaVaranasiAt least 24 people were killed near the Rajghat Bridge when many times the expected number of people were heading towards a religious retreat, causing a crush, and later a stampede due to rumors that the bridge had collapsed.[119][120]
6January 14, 2017UnnamedIndiaSagar IslandSix people died while trying to board vessels to Kolkata, ahead of high tide, after a religious festival on the island of Sagar.[121][122]
17February 10, 2017UnnamedAngolaUígeAt least 17 people were killed, and at least 61 others injured, during a stampede in Uíge's Estádio 4 de Janeiro ahead of the opening match of the new Angola football season while trying to enter the stadium before a match between Santa Rita de Cássia FC and Recreativo do Libolo.[123]
8March 6, 2017UnnamedZambiaLusakaAt least eight people were killed while 28 others were injured during a stampede over food aid, held by a church group in Zambia's capital, Lusaka.[124]
2March 11, 2017UnnamedArgentinaOlavarríaTwo people were killed and a dozen more injured during an overcrowded concert in Olavarría, Argentina.[125]
2March 22, 2017UnnamedChinaPuyangTwo children died and 20 more were injured in a stampede during a passing period at a primary school in Puyang of Henan Province, China.[126]
1June 3, 20172017 Turin stampedeItalyTurinOne person was killed and more than 1,500 others were injured when panic erupted during a screening of the UEFA Champions League Final in Turin, Italy.[127]
8July 6, 2017UnnamedMalawiLinongweAt least eight people were killed, seven of whom were children and at least another 40 persons injured, during a stampede at the Bingu National Stadium in Malawi's capital city Lilongwe during the nation's independence day celebrations while trying to enter the stadium before a match between Nyasa Big Bullets and Silver Strikers F.C..[128][129]
8July 15, 2017UnnamedSenegalDakarEight people were killed, and 60 were seriously injured in a stadium crush when a wall collapsed at Demba Diop stadium in the capital Dakar as police fired tear gas at both sets of fans after a League Cup final game between US Ouakam and Stade de Mbour.[130][131]
2July 29, 2017UnnamedSouth AfricaNasrec, JohannesburgTwo people were killed, and 17 were injured in a stadium crush while trying to enter the FNB Stadium before a match between Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates.[132]
3September 16, 2017UnnamedBangladeshCox's BazarThree Rohingya died trying to collect clothing and food aid at a refugee camp near Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.[133]
22September 29, 2017UnnamedIndiaMumbaiAt least 22 people were killed and hundreds were injured in a stampede that broke out following heavy rains in a footbridge between Parel and Elphinstone road stations in Mumbai, India.[134]
0*September 30, 2017UnnamedFranceAmiens*At least 25 French football fans were injured, four of them seriously, when a barrier collapsed during a match involving home team Amiens SC against Lille OSC at the Stade de la Licorne. The incident occurred around a section housing the away Lille OSC fans.[135]
3November 4, 2017UnnamedIndiaSimariaThree women died, and at least 10 other people were injured, on the banks of the Ganges in Simaria Ghat of Begusarai, Bihar during Kartik Purnima.[136]
15November 19, 2017UnnamedMoroccoSidi BoulaalamFifteen women were killed and forty women injured after breaking down barriers during a food-aid distribution in Sidi Boulaalam, Morocco.[137][138]
10December 18, 2017UnnamedBangladeshChittagongAt least ten people were killed and 50 more injured during the qul khawani of the former Chittagong mayor A.B.M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury when people tried to rush down a sloped gateway into the Rima Community Center.[139]
1January 10, 2018UnnamedIndiaRohtas district One person died and at least 4 were injured in Rohtas, Bihar, India during an army recruitment drive when the crowd waiting rushed through the gates to get inside.[140]
1May 12, 2018UnnamedSierra LeoneFreetownOne person is killed and 20 more are injured during the Sierra Leone presidential inauguration of Julius Maada Bio when a group of spectators trying to enter the venue through the wrong passage were forced back by police, causing the stampede.[141]
10May 14, 2018UnnamedBangladeshChittagongAt least ten people died and a further 50 were injured in a stampede while collecting alms before Ramadan in Chittagong, Bangladesh.[142]
0*May 27, 2018UnnamedIndiaBihar Sharif*At least 58 people are injured in the Bihar Sharif train station after an apparent earthquake caused panic among the passengers.[143]
19June 16, 2018El Paraíso stampedeVenezuelaCaracasNineteen people are killed in Caracas, Venezuela following the El Paraíso stampede after a tear gas canister is detonated in a crowded club.[144]
2August 8, 2018UnnamedIndiaChennaiAt least two people were killed, and 41 more injured, while entering the lying in state of former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Muthuvel Karunanidhi at the Rajaji Hall in Chennai, India.[145]
1September 9, 2018UnnamedMadagascarAntananarivoOne person was killed and 40 were injured in Antananarivo, Madagascar at the Mahamasina Municipal Stadium during the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier between Senegal and Madagascar, after a group of spectators became trapped between a closed entrance gate and an incoming crowd.[146]
5September 17, 2018UnnamedAngolaLuandaFive people are killed, and seven injured, leaving the 2018 CAF Champions League Quarterfinal Match between Primeiro de Agosto and TP Mazembe in Luanda, Angola.[147]
6December 8, 2018UnnamedItalyCorinaldoSix people were killed and dozens more injured in a human stampede as frantic concertgoers tried to exit a packed Lanterna Azzurra club in Corinaldo, Italy, after pepper spray was fired inside the club.[148]
3December 28, 2018UnnamedSouth AfricaPretoriaThe three lost their lives when an apparent stampede broke out at Bushiri’s Enlightened Christian Gathering Church. Police confirmed the identity of the three women killed in a stampede at controversial prophet Shepherd Bushiri’s church in Pretoria. Preliminary reports indicate that the community assembled at the show grounds to attend Shepherd Bushiri’s church service, when the rain started, the congregation started to push each other and the stampede occurred.[149]
3March 17, 2019UnnamedUnited KingdomCookstown, Northern IrelandThree teenagers killed in a human crush on St Patrick’s Day while queuing outside The Greenvale Hotel, Cookstown, County Tyrone in Northern Ireland.[150]
16June 26, 2019Antananarivo stampedeMadagascarAntananarivo16 people killed and 101 injured in a human crush in Antananarivo, Madagascar before a concert on their 59th Independence Day at the Mahamasina Municipal Stadium. The show was about to start and people believed they could enter the stadium and began to push, but the police left the doors closed.[151]
5August 22, 2019UnnamedAlgeriaAlgiers5 teenagers and young adults killed in a stampede at a Soolking rap concert in the Algerian capital Algiers.[152]
31September 10, 2019Karbala stampedeIraqKarbalaAt least 31 pilgrims killed and at least 100 others injured in a stampede near a major shrine in the city of Karbala, Iraq, while marking Ashura.[153]
3November 9, 2019Neutro Shorty concert stampedeVenezuelaCaracasThree teenagers killed in a stampede before a concert in Caracas, Venezuela.[154]
9December 1, 2019UnnamedBrazilSão PauloNine people killed in a stampede after a confusion that caused panic at Paraisópolis in São Paulo.[155]
56January 7, 2020UnnamedIranKermanAt least 56 people killed and 200 injured in a stampede at the funeral of general Qasem Soleimani in Kerman, Iran.[156]
20February 1, 2020UnnamedTanzaniaMoshi, KilimanjaroAt least 20 people killed and 16 injured in stampede at a church in Moshi, Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. The incident took place when church faithful were being ushered through an exit so that they could walk on “anointed oil.” More than 4,500 worshipers were attending a prayer meeting led by Boniface Mwamposa, a popular preacher who leads the Arise and Shine Ministry Tanzania.[157]
14February 4, 2020UnnamedKenyaKakamega14 pupils were killed in a staircase stampede at a primary school in Kakamega, Kenya, when the pupils were leaving for the day.[158]
20February 17, 2020UnnamedNigerDiffa20 people killed in Diffa, Niger when food, clothes and cooking oil were being distributed, mostly to refugees from Nigeria.[159]
3May 21, 20202020 Maligawatta stampedeSri LankaMaligawatta3 people killed in Maligawatta, Sri Lanka when money being distributed, mostly to area residents on the eve of Ramadan.[160][161][162]

References
  1. Bloom, James J. (2010). The Jewish Revolts Against Rome, A.D. 66–135: A Military Analysis. McFarland. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-7864-4479-3.
  2. Josephus, Flavius (80); Whiston, William, translator (1737). "The Wars Of The Jews Or The History Of The Destruction Of Jerusalem, Book II, Chapter 12". sacred-texts.com. Evinity Publishing Inc.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. Guy-Ryan, Jessie. "Inside the World's Deadliest Fireworks Accident". Atlas Obscura.
  4. The Bridge and the City p.169
  5. "The tragedy of the Bridge of Boats, 200 years later- Historic Centre of Porto (World Heritage)". Notables Portugal. Tourism of Portugal. 24 February 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  6. Vella, Fiona (3 February 2016). "To die for a piece of bread". Times of Malta. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016.
  7. E.Janiszewska, Synagoga w Ostrowie Wielkopolskim-studium architektury [in:] Studia Iudaica Ostroviensia-Ostrowskie Studia Judaistyczne, vol. 1, ed. J. Biernaczyk, W. Suszycki, Ostrów Wielkopolski 2007, p.185-202.
  8. 'The Class of People who Go To The Gallery' "Special Report of the Fire Marshall" in Papers Relating to the Burning Down of the Brooklyn Theatre British House of Commons London: 1877. page 15
  9. Dead On The New Bridge – Fatal Crush At The Western Approach. – Front Page – Nytimes.Com. New York Times (2011-01-02). Retrieved 2011-01-19.
  10. "IFORTYWOMENKILLEDINAPANIC - The Aberystwith Observer". David Jenkins. 1883-10-20. hdl:10107/3043381. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. AP (January 9, 1934). "76 Japanese Die in Panic". Volume 54 (76). The Cornell Daily Sun. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  12. La "Galleria delle Grazie" (in Italian). Railways on Web, ferrovieinrete.com. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
  13. Stampede In Church Planned? 13 April 1952
  14. "53 Killed In Church Panic". 12 April 1952. p. 3. Retrieved 21 November 2017 – via Trove.
  15. "40 ARRESTS IN SEQUEL TO DEATHS". 15 April 1952. p. 6. Retrieved 21 November 2017 – via Trove.
  16. "Terror en Semana Santa". Crónicas del Tánatos (in Spanish). 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
  17. Khlevniuk, Oleg (2017). Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-21978-4.
  18. Edwards, Piers (23 May 2014). "Lima 1964: The world's worst stadium disaster". BBC News. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  19. Krause, Charles A. "3 Killed as Crowd Rushes to See Pope". Washington Post. The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  20. Redmont, Dennis (9 July 1980). "3 Papal Pilgrims Killed in Stampede". Associated Press.
  21. Зайкин, В. (1989-07-20).Трагедия в Лужниках. Факты и вымысел Archived 2018-09-15 at the Wayback Machine, Известия (in Russian), 202, September 24, 1991. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
  22. Quote from UEFA Chief Executive Lars-Christer Olsson in 2004, uefa.com.
  23. 28 Chinese children die in stampede. United Press International (28 December 1987)
  24. 28 crianças chinessas morrem pisoteadas, Folha de S.Paulo (30 December 1987)
  25. Tannenbaum, Rob, The Hard Truth About Guns N' Roses, Rolling Stone, Issue 539, November 17, 1988. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
  26. Upton, Mick, Incident at Donington Monster of Rock Archived 2016-03-18 at the Wayback Machine, 8 December 1995, safeconcerts.com. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
  27. Free, Cathy (1991-02-04). "The Crush at An/Ac/dc Concert Brings Death to Three Young Fans". People.com. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  28. Gross, Jane (January 25, 1991). "Surge of Rock Fans; Then Death, Grief and Anger". New York Times. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  29. At Least 41 Die in Ash Wednesday Church Stampede, AP News Archive, February 13, 1991. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
  30. 1991年太原踩踏事件
  31. Yingze Park "Light sea coal" light show King casualties, Taiyuan Chronicles Network, Taiyuan Public Security Bureau Chronicles, November 17, 2009. Google translation. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
  32. McFadden Robert D., Stampede at City College; Inquiries Begin Over City College Deaths, The New York Times, December 30, 1991. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
  33. 20 killed in Hong Kong stampede, The Independent, 2 January 1993. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
  34. Bokhary, Kemal (February 23, 1993). Lan Kwai Fong Tragedy last investigation report by Judge Kemal Bokhary. Hong Kong Government.
  35. Chow, W.K. and Pang, Edgar C.L., Another Crowd Disaster: Shanghai New Year Stampede 2015 and Lan Kwai Fong Disaster 1993, Hot Issues in Fire Engineering, January 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
  36. O'Donnell, John J.; Gleeson, Aidan P.; Smith, Harry (July 1998). "Edinburgh's Hogmanay celebrations: beyond a major disaster". Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine. 15 (4): 272–273. doi:10.1136/emj.15.4.272. PMC 1343144. PMID 9681315.
  37. "Saudis identifying nationalities of 118 dead pilgrims". BBC News. April 9, 1998.
  38. World: South Asia Stampede tragedy at Hindu shrine, BBC News, 15 January 1999. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
  39. Wagner, U.; Fälker, A.; Wenzel, V (January 2013). "Fatal incidents by crowd crush during mass events. (Un)preventable phenomenon? (abstract)". Der Anaesthesist. 62 (1): 39–46. doi:10.1007/s00101-012-2124-z. PMID 23354487.
  40. "Lessons from Hajj deaths". BBC News. 2001-03-06.
  41. "Death toll rises to 126 in Ghana soccer stampede". USA Today. Associated Press. 2001-06-19. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  42. "Ex-cop pleads not guilty in fatal '01 Akashi crush". The Japan Times. Kyodo News. 2012-01-20.
  43. "На 21.12.2001 г. при нещастен случай в столичната дискотека "Индиго" загиват 7 деца" [On 21.12.2001 7 children were killed in the Indigo disco in Sofia]. Start.bg (in Bulgarian). 2001-12-21. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
  44. "Fourteen killed in Hajj stampede". BBC News. February 11, 2003.
  45. "37 killed in Beijing lantern festival stampede". China Daily. 2004-02-06.
  46. "Stampede in Lucknow, 21 dead". The Times of India. Lucknow. 2004-04-12. Retrieved 2015-06-12.
  47. "Three die in Saudi shop stampede". BBC News. September 1, 2004. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  48. "Five die after Iran football game". BBC News. BBC. 2005-03-26. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  49. "Iran blames disaster on 'suspicious hands'". Theage.com.au. 2005-09-01. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
  50. "2005 December Chennai stampede". wikipedia.
  51. "Três pessoas morrem pisoteadas em show". Folha de S.Paulo. February 5, 2006. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  52. "Deadly stampede at Yemeni rally". BBC News. September 12, 2006. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  53. "Breaking News, World News & Multimedia". Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  54. "Women die in India train stampede". BBC News. October 3, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  55. 순천 돌 가공 공장 지배인 공개 처형 [Public Execution Carried Out on a Stone Processing Plant Manager in Soonchun] (PDF). 오늘의 북한소식 (in Korean). Seoul: www.goodfriends.or.kr/eng 사단법인 좋은벗들 북한연구소]. October 17, 2007. pp. 7–8. Retrieved September 7, 2011. 워낙 많은 군중이 모이다보니 처형이 끝나고 흩어지면서 사람들에 깔려 6명이 사망하고, 34명이 다치는 사고가 일어났다.
  56. "Three die in China sale stampede". BBC News. November 10, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  57. "2008 Bandung stampede". Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  58. "indiatoday – Nine killed in Madhya Pradesh temple stampede". Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  59. "Nightclub stampede in Mexico kills 12 after police raid". Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  60. "Eleven dead in Congo football riot after use of 'witchcraft'". The Telegraph. 2008-09-15. Retrieved 2018-10-03.
  61. "Death toll rises to 147 in Jodhpur temple stampede; 80 dead". ibnlive.com. September 30, 2008. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
  62. Dey, Anindo; Parmar, Ajay (September 30, 2008). "177 feared dead in temple stampede in Jodhpur". Times of India. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  63. 20 children die in Tanzania stampede – The Times of India. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (2008-10-02). Retrieved 2011-01-19.
  64. "Worker dies at LI Wal-Mart after stampede". NY Daily News. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  65. Ivorian stadium stampede kills 22. BBC News (2009-03-29). Retrieved 2011-01-19.
  66. Bhatia, Manjeet S.; Srivastava, Shruti; Jhanjee, Anurag (June 2012). "Psychiatric morbidity in school children who suffered a stampede". Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 21 (1): 61–63. doi:10.4103/0972-6748.110953. PMC 3678181. PMID 23766580.
  67. Moore, Malcolm (December 8, 2009). "Eight children killed in Chinese school stampede". The Telegraph. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  68. "Man Dressed Up As an Orthodox Jew Arrested for Memorial Service Stampede". Vos Iz Neias. 2010-05-04. Retrieved 2018-10-03.
  69. Imray, Gerald (2010-06-06). "Soccer fans stampede gates outside stadium". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2018-10-03.
  70. Authorities blame organizer for deadly Love Parade Yahoo News. 28 July 2010
  71. Index – Bulvár – Tragédia a West Balkánban: öten őrizetben. Index.hu. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
  72. Associated Press (January 16, 2011). "3 young women die in stampede at Hungarian disco". 11 Eyewitness News. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  73. Hungary Around the Clock (January 27, 2011). "West Balkan NightClub Closed For Good". XpatLoop. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  74. "Deaths in Nigeria rally stampede". Aljazeera. 12 February 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  75. Onukwugha, Anayo; Abimaje, Achor (13 February 2011). "Nigeria: PDP Rally - 20 Killed in Port Harcourt Stampede". Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  76. "Nightclub firm Luminar in administration". BBC News.
  77. "At least 16 killed in stampede at religious festival in India". CNN. 2011-11-08. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  78. "Fans die in Indonesia football stampede". Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera Media Network. 2011-11-22. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  79. Smith, David (10 January 2012). "Mother killed in South African university stampede". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  80. "Egyptian Soccer Riot Kills More Than 70". The New York Times. 2012-02-12. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  81. AsiaNews (March 19, 2012). "Pope sends message for Shenouda III's death, huge crowds form to see his body". AsiaNews. AsiaNews Italy. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  82. AFP (March 20, 2012). "Thousands attend funeral of Coptic Pope Shenouda III". The Telegraph. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  83. Tovrov, Daniel (March 19, 2012). "Egypt: Three Dead After Vigil For Coptic Christian Pope". International Business Times. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  84. F. Javier Barroso, Madrid Arena tragedy claims fifth victim, El Pais, 4 December 2012. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
  85. Shankar, Rama. "A day after, stampede stupor 'Reasonable time' for tragedy probe". Telegraph India. The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  86. Bhelari, Amit. "Tragedy clean chit to administration - Stampede blame on rumour, RJD MP". Telegraph India. The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  87. 60 crushed to death in Ivory Coast stampede CNN News (2013-01-01) Retrieved 2013-01-01.
  88. "Angola vigil crush at Luanda stadium kills 10". BBC News. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  89. "More than 230 die in Brazil nightclub fire". 2013-01-27. Archived from the original on 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  90. "Kumbh Mela chief Azam Khan resigns over stampede". BBC. 2013-02-11. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
  91. Hirsch, Afua (23 May 2013). "Celebrity pastor under fire after worshippers die in rush for 'holy water'". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  92. "17 killed in stampede at boxing match in Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. The Jakarta Post. 2013-07-15. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  93. "Death toll in MP stampede reaches 115; Congress wants CM to quit". Times of India. 2013-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
  94. "Anambra Church stampede caused by false alarm–Archbishop". Premium Times. 3 November 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  95. "Tragedy as 28 die in Anambra church stampede". The Nigerian Voice. 3 November 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  96. Krishi, Musa Abdullahi (11 November 2013). "Huriwa wants Uke stampede investigated". Daily Trust. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  97. "Oficials sacked over deadly mosque stampede". China Daily. 9 January 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  98. "Mumbai stampede kills dozens mourning Indian spiritual leader". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited. 17 January 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
  99. Anugara, Boldwin (March 16, 2014). "Immigration recruitment:22 die in stampedes". Newswatch Times. Archived from the original on 4 January 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  100. "23 fear dead in NIS Tragedy". Leadership Newspaper. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
  101. "32 die in Patna Dasehra stampede". The Tribune, Chandigarh. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  102. "PTI, Multan administration trade blame after 8 people killed in Qasim Bagh stampede". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  103. IANS (21 November 2014). "11 killed in Zimbabwe stadium stampede". Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  104. "Shanghai new year crush kills 36". BBC News. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  105. "New Year's Eve stampede in Shanghai kills dozens". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  106. "Stampede leaves 22 dead at Egypt football match". Financial Times. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  107. "19 Zamalek fans killed in clashes with Egyptian police – Ministry of Health". Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  108. "Stampede at charity handout in Bangladesh leaves 23 dead". Washington Post. Associated Press. 10 July 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  109. "Bangladesh stampede kills several at free clothing drive". BBC News. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  110. "India stampede 'kills 27 pilgrims' in Andhra Pradesh". BBC News. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  111. "Deaths after stampede at Hindu festival in India". Al Jazeera. Associated Press. 2015-08-10. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
  112. "Jharkhand: 11 killed, 50 injured in temple stampede in Deoghar". Hindustan Times. PTI , IANS. 2015-08-10. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
  113. "PM Modi condoles loss of Lives during Stampede at Mina in Saudi Arabia". news.biharprabha.com. ANI. 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  114. "Anniversary of the tragic party. Students commemorate deaths of three of them". TVP Info. 14 October 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  115. Schmitz, Melanie (October 25, 2015). "The Afghan Schoolgirls Killed In An Earthquake Were The Victims Of A Devastating Panic". Bustle. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  116. Winch, Jessica (October 26, 2015). "12 schoolgirls trampled to death in Afghanistan earthquake". The Telegraph. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  117. "New dramatic video of Paceville crush – seven still in hospital, one in ITU". Times of Malta. 16 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  118. "Dozens killed at Ethiopia protest". 3 October 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2017 – via www.bbc.com.
  119. "Varanasi stampede: 24 killed; rumours of bridge collapse led to chaos, claims organisers". The Times of India. Times News Network. 2016-10-15. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  120. Pandey, Alok (2016-10-15). "24 Dead In Stampede At Varanasi Bridge During Overcrowded Religious Event". New Delhi Television Limited. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  121. Chatterjee, Tanmay (2017-01-16). "Gangasagar stampede: Six killed as pilgrims rush to board boat". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  122. "6 Killed, 15 Injured In Stampede At Gangasagar Fair In West Bengal". HuffPost. Agencies. 2017-01-15. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  123. "At least 17 die in Angolan football stampede". CNN. 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2017-02-11.
  124. "Zambia police say eight killed in stampede over food aid". Reuters. 2017-03-06. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
  125. Bronstein, Hugh (2017-03-12). "Two Argentine concert fans killed in spectators' stampede". Reuters. Retrieved 2018-10-03.
  126. Kilpatrick, Ryan (2017-03-22). "Two Children Have Died in a Stampede at an Elementary School in China". Time. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
  127. "Panic erupts during Champions League viewing in Italy, injuring 1,000". BNO News. June 4, 2017. Archived from the original on June 3, 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  128. "Eight people killed in Malawi independence day stampede". Reuters. 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2017-07-06.
  129. "Malawi football stadium stampede kills eight". BBC. 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2017-07-06.
  130. "Eight dead in Senegal football stadium stampede". Al Jazeera. 2017-07-16. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
  131. "Eight die in Senegal football stadium chaos". CNN. 2017-07-16. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
  132. Bonn, Kyle (2017-07-29). "Two killed in South Africa stadium crush". ProSoccerTalk. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
  133. "Three killed in Bangladesh Rohingya refugee camp stampede". Hindustan Times. 2017-07-16. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  134. Mengle, Gautam S. (2017-09-29). "Live: 22 dead, several injured in stampede at Mumbai's Elphinstone Road station". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2017-09-29.
  135. "At least 25 hurt at French soccer stadium after barrier collapse". Fox News. 2017-10-01. Retrieved 2017-10-01.
  136. "Three killed in stampede in Bihar's Begusarai during Kartik Purnima celebrations". Hindustan Times. 2017-11-04. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
  137. "Morocco: Fifteen women killed in food aid stampede". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  138. "Morocco food stampede kills 15". 20 November 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017 – via www.bbc.com.
  139. Hussain, Anwar (2017-12-18). "10 killed in stampede at ex-Chittagong mayor's memorial service". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  140. Mishra, Prasun (2018-01-10). "One killed, four injured in stampede during army recruitment drive in Bihar". Hindustan Times. Sasaram. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
  141. "One killed, 20 injured in stampede at Sierra Leone presidential inauguration". The Straits Times. 2018-05-13. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  142. Shyamol, Nazimuddin (2018-05-14). "Ten die in Bangladesh stampede for alms ahead of Ramadan, 50 hurt". Reuters. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
  143. "58 students injured in stampede after earthquake rumour at Bihar railway station". Hindustan Times. Bihar Sharif. Press Trust of India. 2018-05-18. Retrieved 2018-10-23.
  144. Brocchetto, Marilia (2018-06-16). "17 dead after Venezuela nightclub violence". CNN. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
  145. Selvaraj, A (2018-08-08). "Karunanidhi death: Two killed, 30 injured in stampede at Raj". The Times of India. Retrieved 2018-09-27.
  146. Dove, Ed (2018-09-09). "Madagascar stadium stampede leaves 1 dead, 40 injured". ESPN. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
  147. Winning, Alexander (2018-09-17). "Five die in stampede after Angolan soccer match". Reuters. Retrieved 2018-09-25.
  148. VAN SANT, SHANNON (2018-12-08). "Stampede At Italian Nightclub Leaves At Least Six People Dead And Many Injured". NPR. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
  149. https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-01-06-69-year-old-among-trio-killed-in-bushiri-church-stampede/
  150. "Cookstown hotel disco 'crush': Three teens dead". BBC News. BBC. 2019-03-18. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  151. BEZAIN, LAETITIA (26 June 2019). "Stadium stampede in Madagascar's capital kills 15, wounds 80". ABC News. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  152. "Soolking: Stampede at Algeria rap concert 'kills at least five'". BBC News. 23 August 2019. Retrieved https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49443728. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  153. "Karbala stampede results in many deaths". Gulf News. 10 September 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  154. Moleiro, Alonso (10 November 2019). "Tres muertos y decenas de heridos por una estampida durante un concierto en Caracas". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  155. Moleiro, Alonso (10 November 2019). "Nove pessoas morrem pisoteadas em tumulto após ação da Polícia Militar durante baile funk em Paraisópolis, em SP". globo.com (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  156. https://time.com/5760392/qasem-soleimani-funeral-stampede/
  157. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/02/world/africa/tanzania-church-stampede.html
  158. "Kenya school stampede: At least 14 pupils killed in Kakamega". BBC News. BBC. 2020-02-03. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  159. Kleinfeld, Philip. "In the news: At least 20 dead in Niger aid distribution stampede". The New Humanitarian. The New Humanitarian. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  160. "3 dead and 9 injured in a stampede in Maligawatte; 6 arrested". Sri Lanka News - Newsfirst. 2020-05-21. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
  161. "hree females died while nine others injured in a stampede in Maligawatte | Asian Tribune". www.asiantribune.com. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
  162. Rizwie, Rukshana. "3 dead in a stampede in Maligawatta during aid distribution". Daily News. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.