List of firsts in India

This is a list of firsts in India.

Architecture
  • First dam in India: Kallanai Dam, one of the world's oldest,still standing build across the Kaveri river in Thiruchirapalli District in the state of Tamil Nadu in South India .[1] originally constructed by the Cholan King Karikala around the 2nd century CE
  • First Stepwell still existing: Mata Bhavani's Stepwell, built in the 11th century in Gujarat
  • First temple constructed from a single rock, still standing: Kailasa temple, Ellora, built in 744 CE by Rashtrakuta king Krishna I
  • First temple in Kalinga architecture still standing: Konark Sun Temple, Puri, Odisha, built in 1255 AD
  • First Indian temple with many interconnected structures still standing: Brihadeeswarar Temple, Tanjore, Tamil Nadu, built in 1002 AD
  • First true dome in India: Alai Darwaza, Qutb complex, Delhi, built in 1311 CE, by first Khalji Sultan of Delhi, Ala-ud-din Khalji
  • First true arch in India: Balban's tomb, Mehrauli Archeological Park, Delhi, built c. 1287 CE, by Ghiyas ud din Balban of [[Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]
  • First garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent, also the first with Persian double-dome: Humayun's Tomb, Delhi, built 1562–1571 CE
  • First church in India: St. Thomas Church, Palayoor Kerala Built in 52 AD under leadership of St. Thomas the Apostle its a Mix of Persian and Kerala architecture
  • First mosque in India: Cheraman Juma Mosque in Methala, Kodungallur Taluk, Thrissur District of Kerala, Built in 629 AD.
  • First artificial island in India: Willingdon Island at Kochi Kerala, constructed in 1936. It was named after The 1st Earl of Willingdon, the Viceroy of India at the time.

Awards and titles

Nobel Prize
  • 1913: Literature: Rabindranath Tagore; also the first Asian to win the prize.
  • 1930: Physics: Sir C. V. Raman; first Asian and first non-white person to win Science nobel prize.
  • 1979: Peace: Mother Teresa; Indian citizen of Albanian origin.
  • 1998: Economics: Amartya Sen: First Indian for Economics.
  • 2014: Peace: Kailash Sathyarthi; first Indian-born recipient in Peace category.
  • 1968:Medicine:Har Gobind Khurana ; first indian-born american to win nobel in medicine.

Oscar


Defence (in the Republic of India)

Economy
  • First power in India with Soviet Collaboration: Neyveli Lignite Corporation in 1962[6]
  • First central PSU to be privatized: Modern Food Industries in January 2000

Exploration

Film, TV and entertainment

Governance

Science
  • The first president of the inaugural session of the Indian Science Congress: Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee in 1914
  • Hydroelectric plant: Sidrapong near Darjeeling. commissioned in 1897,[18]
  • Place to get electricity: Darjeeling in 1897, followed by Calcutta (now Kolkata)[19][20] in 1898 and Kolar Gold Fields in 1902.
  • Man in space: Rakesh Sharma aboard Soyuz T-11, on 3 April 1984. He was the 138th man in space worldwide.
  • Woman in space: Kalpana Chawla aboard Space Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87, on 19 November 1997. She was a naturalized United States citizen and represented the US during the event.
  • Test-tube baby: Durga Agarwal, born 1978
  • Scientific Expedition to Antarctica: 1981
  • Nuclear Reactor: Apsara, Mumbai, Maharashtra
  • First Genetically modified food product in India: Bt. Egg plant Hybrid (Bt. – Bacilius thuringiensis)
  • Satellite: Aryabhata, launched on 19 April 1975
  • Satellite dedicated exclusively for educational services: EDUSAT
  • Successfully indigenous launch vehicle: SLV-3
  • Prospective space tourist: Santhosh George Kulangara, proposed in 2009 aboard Virgin Galactic
  • Cloned animal: Bhass, sampura
  • In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Kolkata and Diamond Harbor. In 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company
  • 1854: Telegraph service opened to the Public
  • First telephone exchange: On 28 January 1882, Major E. Baring, Member of the Governor General of India's Council declared open the Telephone Exchanges in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. The exchange in Calcutta named the "Central Exchange", was opened at third floor of the building at 7, Council House Street, with a total of 93 subscribers. Later that year, Bombay also witnessed the opening of a telephone exchange.
  • 1902 – First wireless telegraph station established between Sagar Islands and Sandheads.
  • 1907 – First central battery of telephones introduced in Kanpur.
  • 1913–1914 – First automatic exchange installed in Shimla.
  • 1927 – Radio-telegraph system between the UK and India, with Imperial Wireless Chain beam stations at Khadki and Daund. Inaugurated by Lord Irwin on 23 July by exchanging greetings with King George V.
  • 1933 – Radiotelephone system inaugurated between the UK and India.
  • 1953 – 12 channel carrier system introduced.
  • 1960 – First subscriber trunk dialing route commissioned between Lucknow and Kanpur.
  • 1975 – First PCM system commissioned between Mumbai City and Andheri telephone exchanges.
  • 1976 – First digital microwave junction introduced.
  • 1979 – First optical fibre system for local junction commissioned at Pune.
  • 1980 – First satellite earth station for domestic communications established at Secunderabad, Telangana
  • 1983 – First analogue Stored Program Control exchange for trunk lines commissioned at Mumbai.
  • 1984 – First Underground Metro Railways System at Calcutta.
  • 1984 – C-DOT established for indigenous development and production of digital exchanges.
  • 1990 – First technology park in India, Technopark, Trivandrum was launched
  • 1995 – First mobile telephone service started on a non-commercial basis on 15 August 1995 in Delhi.
  • 2014 – First country to enter Mars' orbit on their first attempt with successful launch of Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan)[21]
  • 2015– First 3D printed humanoid robot in India at A-SET Training & Research Institutes – Manav (robot)

Medical science

Women in general

Women in governance

States

First state to

Places
  • First Wi-Fi Jetty in India:- Mandwa Jetty, Alibaug-Maharashtra launched by 'SmartAd Solutions & Services LLP'
  • First partition of Indian state: Bengal
  • First road which is a connected to a Wi-Fi zone: Rajarhat (connecting Rajarhat Main Arterial Road to the airport to Sector V in the city of Kolkata with 10.5 km)[37]
  • District to achieve a 100% literacy rate: Ernakulam district, Kerala, 1990. Pothanicad in Ernakulam district is the first panchayath in India that achieved 100% literacy.
  • City/town to achieve a 100% literacy rate: Kottayam, Kerala, 1989
  • District to achieve a 100% literacy rate and lowest population growth rate: Pathanamthitta district, Kerala
  • District to be polio-free: Pathanamthitta district, Kerala
  • District to become tobacco-free: Kottayam district, Kerala, 27 September 2008
  • District to become India's 'total electrified district': Palakkad, Kerala, 2011
  • City to have an e-court: Ahmedabad, 8 February 2009
  • City to ranked as the No.1 Indian city for ‘quality of life’[38] – Chennai, Tamil Nadu
  • India's first Wi-Fi city: Kolkata

Sport[39]

Olympics

Chess

Football
  • First Indian footballer to play overseas: Mohammed Salim
  • First Indian football goalkeeper to play overseas: Subrata Paul
  • First footballer to be named the Indian footballer of the century (20th century): Pradip Kumar Banerjee
  • First Indian as well as an Asian to be declared best captains in the world by English FA: Shailen Manna
  • First Indian to manage a Bundesliga football club: Robin Dutt
  • First Indian to be inducted in the AFC Hall of Fame: Baichung Bhutia
  • First Indian to score the fastest goals (third fastest in the world): I. M. Vijayan

Tennis
  • Grand Slam title: Mahesh Bhupathi (partnering with Japanese Rika Hiraki) in the mixed doubles category of the 1997 French Open
  • Woman to win a match in a Grand Slam event: Nirupama Vaidyanathan beat Italian Gloria Pizzichini in the first round of the 1998 Australian Open
  • Woman to reach 4th round (highest as of 2009) of a Grand Slam singles event: Sania Mirza in the singles category of the 2005 US Open
  • Woman to win a Grand Slam title: Sania Mirza (partnering with Mahesh Bhupathi) in the mixed doubles category of the 2009 Australian Open
  • Grand Slam junior title: Ramanathan Krishnan in the singles category of the 1954 Wimbledon Championship
  • Grand Slam junior title by a woman: Sania Mirza (partnering with Russian Alisa Kleybanova) in the doubles category of the 2003 Wimbledon Championships
  • Yuki Bhambri became the first Indian to win the singles in the Junior Australian Open, when he defeated the Greek Alexandros-Ferdinandos Georgoudas in the final 6–3, 6–1 in the finals in 2009.
  • Sania Mirza became the first Indian to reach No. 1 doubles WTA ranking.[48]

Cricket
  • First cricket club in India: Calcutta Cricket and Football Club (1792) in Calcutta (now Kolkata)
  • First cricket stadium: Eden Gardens in Kolkata (1864)
  • Cricket tournament: the Bombay Triangular (1905–1911) which later became the Bombay Quadrangular (1912–1936)
  • Test match: against England at Lord's, 25–28 June 1932
  • First test match played in India: India vs England at Bombay Gymkhana (15–18 December 1933)
  • First test victory: against England at Madras (6–10 February 1952)
  • World Cup: At the 1983 World Cup when India beat West Indies in the finals, under the captaincy of Kapil Dev
  • First nation to win a World Cup Final on its home ground: India (ICC 2011 Cricket World Cup) final held at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai
  • Winner of the first T20 World Cup: India (in 2007) against Pakistan
  • Captain in tests: C. K. Nayudu for the 1932 tour of England.
  • First Indian captain and the third in history to have led his team to victory after being enforced to follow on, against Steve Waugh's Australia in 2001–02: Sourav Ganguly
  • First Indian captain to win more than 21 test matches as a captain: Mahendra Singh Dhoni
  • ODI captain: Ajit Wadekar
  • First World Cup Runners up captain: Sourav Ganguly (2003)
  • First Indian to hit six sixes in an over in first-class cricket: Ravi Shastri[49]
  • Six sixes in an over in an international match: Yuvraj Singh in a T20 match vs England
  • Cricketer to score a century in a test match: Lala Amarnath, 118 against England in December 1933 at Bombay Gymkhana grounds.
  • First Indian to score the highest runs in a World Cup: Sourav Ganguly 183 runs vs Sri Lanka in 1999 World Cup Cricket.
  • Cricketer to score a double century in a test match: Polly Umrigar, 223 against New Zealand at Hyderabad in 1955–56
  • Cricketer to score a triple century in a test match: Virender Sehwag, 309 against Pakistan in Multan in 2004.
  • Indian to score an ODI century: Kapil Dev, 175* against Zimbabwe in the 1983 Cricket World Cup.
  • Indian to score an ODI double century is Sachin Tendulkar, 200* against South Africa at Gwalior, 24 February 2010 (he was the first in the World to achieve this feat).
  • Indian to score three ODI double centuries and the highest individual runs in ODI is Rohit Sharma, 264 against Sri Lanka in 2014.
  • Batsman to complete 10,000 runs in Tests: Sunil Gavaskar (first in the world to achieve this feat)
  • Batsman to complete 10,000 runs in ODIs: Sachin Tendulkar (first in the world to achieve this feat)
  • Cricketer to score 100 centuries in Test and ODIs combined: Sachin Tendulkar (he was the first in the World to achieve this feat)
  • First batsman to score 50 centuries in Test cricket: Sachin Tendulkar
  • First woman to score a double hundred in Test cricket: Mithali Raj (214* against New Zealand at Wellington, 2004); first in the world to achieve this feat
  • First Indian to score a T20 century: Suresh Raina (India vs South Africa)
  • Fastest fifty in a T20I: 50 runs off 12 balls by Yuvraj Singh (vs England in the Inaugural World T20 Championship held in South Africa, 2007)
  • Hat-trick in an ODI: Chetan Sharma against New Zealand in 1987.
  • Hat trick in test cricket: Harbhajan Singh against Australia in 2001 at Kolkata.
  • First bowler to take all 10 wickets in an innings: Anil Kumble (against Pakistan)

Transport
  • First train in India ran from Red Hills to Chintadripet bridge in Madras on 1837[50]
  • First City to get India's first underwater Metro which is below the flowing Hooghly River : Kolkata Metro at Kolkata[51]
  • First (Metro) rail to become zone of Indian Railways: Kolkata Metro as the (17Th Zonal headquarter) (30 December 2010)[52]
  • First passenger train: between Mumbai and Thane on 16 April 1853
  • First suburban railway line: Mumbai Suburban Railway in 1857
  • First rapid transit (Metro) rail: Kolkata Metro in 1984
  • First motorcar: in 1897, Mr Forster of Crompton Greaves
  • First motorcar in regular use: Francis Spring, Chennai in 1901
  • First Indians to own a motorcar: Jamsetji Tata, with Parsi lawyer Rustom Cama, in 1901
  • First competitive event: Delhi – Bombay trials in 1905 at the behest of Lord Curzon and otor Union of Western India to test the suitability of the Automobile for Indian roads and to facilitate interaction between the fledgling Automobile Industry and prospective Indian clients[53][54][55][56][57]
  • Oldest surviving and running cars in India: De Dion Bouton 1904, Rover 1905
  • First woman to drive a car in India: Eshan Ulla Robet, RD Tata 1905
  • First woman to drive a railway train in India: Surekha Yadav
  • First female auto-rickshaw driver – Shila Dawre; Pune, 1988[58]
  • First motor taxi: Mumbai, 1911
  • First large scale import of motor cars: relatively large contingent of motorcars imported for the Delhi Darbar held in 1911 to mark the arrival of King George V[59]
  • First registration scheme for motor vehicles in India: 1912
  • Arrival of mass production technology makes the Automobile a practical means of transport by the 1920s and most British officers had cars
  • First assembly of motor cars: General Motors sets up the first assembly unit to assemble cars from imported parts in 1928. The National Series AB sedan is produced.
  • First manufacture of motor cars: Hindustan Motors begins production of cars in 1942. Premier automobiles and Standard Motors setup. Technology stagnates as a result of economic autarky as India is isolated from the rest of the world
  • First act leading to liberalization of the Auto sector: Maruti 800 launched in 1983 and the automotive industry is progressively liberalized
  • First fully indigenous passenger car developed in India: Tata Indica, launched in 1998
  • First expressway: Mumbai - Pune Expressway in 2000,
  • First major acquisition of a foreign company by an Indian company: Tata Motors acquires Jaguar and Land Rover in 2007. Mahindra Automotive emerges as the top bidder for SsangYong Motor Company in 2010.
  • First aeroplane in India: Maharaja of Patiala, 1910[60]
  • Domestic commercial aviation is born in India in 1911 when on 18 February, Henri Piquet, flying a Humber biplane, carries mail from Allahabad to Naini Junction, some six miles away.
  • 1927: India's first airline, Imperial Airways, extends its Empire Routes to India, connecting India with the outside world for the first time through an air network. A de Havilland Hercules flies the Cairo-Basra-Karachi-Jodhpur-Delhi route. It is also the first domestic passenger flight to be operated in India. Passengers could be for the first time fly from Karachi to Jodhpur and to Delhi on Imperial Airways.
  • On 10 February 1929, J. R. D. Tata is awarded India's first pilot licence, Pilot Licence No.1 by Federation Aeronotique International signed by Sir Victor Sasoon on behalf of the Aero Club of India and Burma.
  • 1932: Urmila K Parikh becomes the first woman to get a pilot licence when she is given a licence by the Aero Club of India and Burma.
  • 1932: J. R. D. Tata launches India's first scheduled airline, Tata Airlines, by piloting the first flight himself from Karachi to Bombay via Ahmedabad on a single-engine Puss Moth with a load of airmail.
  • 2009: India's first electric motorcycle[61]
  • 2012: Radhika Menon becomes India's first Merchant Navy captain.

[62]

Literature and media

Others
  • First to ride all district of Uttar Pradesh:Vikas singh Chauhan [67]
  • The first Indian to cross English Channel: Mihir Sen[68]
  • First practicing barrister of Indian origin: Monomohun Ghose
  • First Indian as well as an Asian to be called to the bar in England: Gnanendramohan Tagore
  • First post office opened in India: Kolkata (1727)
  • First telegraph message: on 5 November 1850, between Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Diamond Harbour, a distance of about 50 km.[69]
  • Wax statue of a living Indian: Mahatma Gandhi at Madame Tussaud's in 1939
  • Miss India to participate in Miss Universe: Indrani Rahman in the Miss Universe 1952 Pageant at Long Beach, California
  • India's first woman Merchant Navy Officer: Sonali Banerjee
  • First woman teacher: Savitribai Phule
  • First woman doctor: Anandi Gopal Joshi
  • First woman to receive PhD: Kamala Sohonie
  • First Indian World No. 1 women's tennis sportsperson (doubles): Sania Mirza
  • First Indian No. 1 women's badminton player: Saina Nehwal
  • The first record holder in the field of development of eco-innovation: Shripad Vaidya[70] 13 June 2010; Vaidya is the first Nagpurian to get two Limca records within a year,[71] as the first record holder in the field of development of eco-innovation.[72][73]
  • World's first hand written needle book: Madhushala[74]
  • Writer of world's first hand written needle book (Madhushala): Piyush Goel[75]
  • First disabled friendly bank ATM: Union Bank of India[76]

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