List of anarchist communities

This is a list of anarchist communities representing any society or portion thereof founded by anarchists that functions according to anarchist philosophy and principles. Anarchists have been involved in a wide variety of community experiments since the 19th century. There are numerous instances in which a community organizes itself along philosophically anarchist lines to promote regional anarchist movements, counter-economics and countercultures. These have included intentional communities founded by anarchists as social experiments and community oriented projects, such as collective organizations and cooperative businesses. There are also several instances of mass society "anarchies" that have come about from explicitly anarchist revolutions, including Collinsville Oklahoma and the Free Territory of Ukraine[2] and the Shinmin autonomous region in Manchuria.[3]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Part of the Politics series on
Anarchism
  • Anarchism portal
  • Politics portal
The Trumbullplex, an anarchist intentional community in the Woodbridge neighborhood of Detroit, Michigan[1]

Mass societies
The Free Territory was a region where an attempt was made to form a stateless, anarchist society and its approximated location (in red) was in part of the territory of modern Ukraine during the Ukrainian War of Independence[2]
Map of the territory administered by the Regional Defence Council of Aragon (in red) within Republican Spain (in pink), during the Spanish Revolution
The Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities are territories controlled by the Neo-zapatista support bases in the Mexican state of Chiapas.[4]
Rojava is an autonomous libertarian socialist federated semi-direct democracy in North and East Syria, claiming to be a model for a federalized Syria as a whole, rather than outright independence.

Active societies
Society Since Duration Ideology Ref.
Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement 1958 61 years, 235 days Buddhism, Gandhism [5]
Exarcheia 1973 (November 14) 46 years, 226 days Anarchism, Socialism [6][7]
Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto 1979 (November 16) 40 years, 224 days Direct Democracy, Indigenismo [8]
Marinaleda 1979 (April 3) 41 years, 85 days Libertarian communism [9]
Popular Indigenous Council of Oaxaca "Ricardo Flores Magón" 1980s 33 years, 210 days Indigenismo, Magonism [10]
Puerto Real 1987 32 years, 226 days Anarcho-syndicalism [11]
Spezzano Albanese 1992 28 years, 82 days Libertarian socialism [12]
Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities 1994 (January 1) 26 years, 178 days Neozapatismo [13]
Barcelona's Squatters Movement 2000 20 years, 107 days Anarchism, Autonomism [14]
Barbacha 2001 (April 20) 19 years, 68 days Berberism, Kabylism [15]
Abahlali baseMjondolo 2005 (March 19) 15 years, 100 days Anarchism, Autonomism [8]
Villa de Zaachila 2006 (June 14) 14 years, 13 days Indigenismo, Magonism [10]
Zone to Defend 2009 (August 3) 10 years, 329 days Green anarchism [16]
Cherán 2011 (April 15) 9 years, 73 days Direct Democracy, Indigenismo [17]
Rojava 2014 (January 9) 6 years, 170 days Democratic Confederalism [18][19]

Past societies
Society From Until Duration Ideology Ref.
Essenes 150 BCE 66 CE 216 years, 0 days Judaism [20]
Yellow Turban Rebellion February 184 205 20 years, 335 days Way of the Taiping [21]
Kharijite Rebellions 28 July 657 March 896 238 years, 217 days Kharijism [22]
Frisian freedom 800 1523 722 years, 307 days Antifeudalism [8]
Icelandic Commonwealth 930 1262 332 years, 182 days Direct Democracy [23]
Peasants' Revolt 30 May 1381 November 1381 168 days Antifeudalism [24]
Taborites 25 March 1420 1452 32 years, 217 days Radical Hussitism [25]
Republic of Cospaia 29 June 1440 5 May 1826 385 years, 310 days Republicanism [26]
German Peasants' Revolt 1524 September 1525 1 year, 14 days Radical Reformism [24]
Münster rebellion February 1534 24 June 1535 1 year, 136 days Anabaptism [24]
Golden Age of Piracy October 1650 12 July 1726 75 years, 288 days Piracy [27]
South Carolina Commune 4 February 1868 10 March 1874 6 years, 34 days Civil rights [28]
Paris Commune 18 March 1871 28 May 1871 71 days Revolutionary socialism [29]
Cantonal rebellion 12 July 1873 12 January 1874 184 days Cantonalism, Mutualism [30]
Strandzha Commune 18 August 1903 8 September 1903 21 days Anarcho-communism [31]
Baja Rebellion 29 January 1911 22 June 1911 144 days Magonism [32]
Morelos Commune 1913 1917 4 years, 87 days Zapatismo [33][34]
Soviet Republic of Naissaar 17 December 1917 26 February 1918 71 days Anarcho-syndicalism [35]
Odessa Soviet Republic 17 January 1918 13 March 1918 55 days Revolutionary Socialism [36]
Free Territory 27 November 1918 28 August 1921 2 years, 274 days Anarcho-communism, Platformism [2]
Bremen Soviet Republic 10 January 1919 4 February 1919 25 days Revolutionary Socialism [37]
Bavarian Soviet Republic 12 April 1919 3 May 1919 21 days Revolutionary Socialism [38][39]
Limerick Soviet 15 April 1919 27 April 1919 12 days Revolutionary Socialism [40]
Patagonia Rebelde August 1920 February 1922 1 year, 184 days Anarcho-syndicalism [41][42]
Tambov Rebellion 19 August 1920 12 June 1921 297 days Agrarian socialism [43]
Kronstadt Rebellion 7 March 1921 17 March 1921 10 days Anarcho-syndicalism [44]
Guangzhou City Commune 2 April 1921 13 December 1927 6 years, 255 days Anarchism [45]
Shinmin Prefecture August 1929 September 1931 2 years, 46 days Anarcho-communism [46]
Revolutionary Catalonia 21 July 1936 10 February 1939 2 years, 204 days Anarcho-syndicalism [47]
Sovereign Council of Asturias and León 6 September 1936 21 October 1937 1 year, 45 days Libertarian socialism [48]
Regional Defence Council of Aragon 6 October 1936 11 August 1937 309 days Anarcho-communism [47]
People's Republic of Korea 12 September 1945 8 February 1946 149 days Direct Democracy [49]
Saigon Commune 23 September 1945 13 January 1946 112 days Anti-imperialism [50]
Shanghai People's Commune 5 January 1967 24 February 1967 50 days Revolutionary Socialism [51]
Argentinian Horizontalidad 13 December 2001 25 May 2003 1 year, 163 days Autonomism, Participatory Economics [52]
Oaxaca City 14 June 2006 27 November 2006 166 days Direct Democracy, Magonism [10]
Symphony Way February 2008 19 October 2009 1 year, 242 days Anti-authoritarianism [8]
15M Movement 15 May 2011 11 April 2015 3 years, 331 days Anti-austerity, Direct Democracy [53]
Gezi Park Commune 27 May 2013 20 August 2013 85 days Anti-authoritarianism [53]

Indigenous societies
Society Provisioning system Homeland Ref.
Aboriginal Australians Various Australia [54]
Amazigh Agricultural Maghreb [54]
Andamanese Hunter-gatherer Andaman Islands [55]
Anga Horticultural Jos Plateau [56]
Anuak Horticultural Anuak Zone, Gambela [54]
Bassa Subsistence agriculture Bassaland [56]
Berom Subsistence agriculture Jos Plateau [56]
Birifor Volta [56]
Bobo Subsistence agriculture Bobo-Dioulasso [56]
Cherokee Hunter-gatherer Cherokee Nation [57]
Croatan Subsistence agriculture Croatan Sound [58]
Dan Agricultural Man [56]
Dayak Agricultural Borneo [54]
Dogon Subsistence agriculture Dogon country [56]
Ekoi Horticultural Ekoi land [56]
Gagu Pastoral agriculture [56]
Grebo Grebo land [56]
Hopi Agricultural Hopi Nation [59]
Ibibio Horticultural Akwa Ibom [56]
Idoma Hunter-gatherer Benue [56]
Ifugao Horticultural Ifugao [54]
Igbo Horticultural Igboland [60][56]
Ijaw Horticultural Niger Delta [56]
Inuit Hunter-gatherer Arctic [54]
Kissi Subsistence agriculture Guinea Highlands [56]
Konkomba Horticultural Northern Ghana [54][56]
Kru Fishing Grand Kru County [56]
Kusasi Kasaug Traditional Area [56]
Lugbara Subsistence agriculture West Nile [54]
Mamprusi East Mamprusi [56]
Mano Horticultural Nimba County [56]
Mapuche Pastoral agriculture Araucanía [61]
Maragoli Vihiga County [56]
Mbuti Hunter-gatherer Ituri Rainforest [62]
Niitsitapi Hunter-gatherer Blackfeet Nation [63]
Nubian Agricultural Nubia [64]
Nuer Pastoralism Nuer Zone, Gambela [56]
Pequot Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation [65]
Piaroa Subsistence agriculture Orinoco [66]
Puliklah Hunter-gatherer Yurok Indian Reservation [54]
Tallensi Horticultural Tallensi Traditional Area [56]
Plateau Tonga Subsistence agriculture Binga [54]
Quinnipiac Hunter-gatherer Quinnipiac River [67]
Sami Pastoralism Sápmi [54]
San Hunter-gatherer Central Kalahari [68]
Santals Agricultural Jharkhand [54]
Semai Subsistence agriculture Perak [69]
Seminoles Hunter-gatherer Seminole Nation [70]
Shona Subsistence agriculture Mashonaland [56]
Tiv Horticultural Tivland [54][56]
Urhbo Subsistence agriculture Niger Delta [56]
Zomia [71]

Intentional communities

Active communities:

Past communities:

Community projects

Active Projects

Past Projects

See also

References
  1. Osborne, Domenique (2002-11-09). "Radically wholesome". Metro Times. Archived from the original on 2011-03-30. Retrieved 2011-04-13.
  2. Skirda, Alexandre (2004). Nestor Makhno: Anarchy's Cossack. AK Press. ISBN 1-902593-68-5.
  3. "Cartography of Revolutionary Anarchism". Anarchy In Action. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  4. Mallett-Outtrim, Ryan (August 13, 2016). "Two decades on: A glimpse inside the Zapatista's capital, Oventic". Archived from the original on July 23, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
  5. Clark, John (2013). The Impossible Community: Realising Communitarian Anarchism.
  6. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/aug/26/athens-police-poised-to-evict-refugees-from-squatted-housing-projects
  7. Appelbaum, Robert. "Anarchy in Exarchia".
  8. Gelderloos, Peter (2010). Anarchy Works.
  9. Hancox, Dan (20 October 2013). "Marinaleda: Spain's communist model village". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018.
  10. Denham, Diana (2008). Teaching Rebellion: Stories from the Grassroots Mobilization of Oaxaca. Oakland: PM Press.
  11. Anarcho-Syndicalism in Puerto Real: from shipyard resistance to direct democracy and community control
  12. “Community Organising in Southern Italy”, pp. 16–19, Black Flag no. 210, p. 17, p. 18
  13. Andrew Flood, "The Zapatistas, anarchism and 'Direct democracy'", Anarcho-Syndicalist Review 27 (Winter 1999)
  14. Gelderloos, Peter (2009). To Get To The Other Side: a journey through europe and its anarchist movements.
  15. Collective, CrimethInc. Ex-Workers. "Other Rojavas: Echoes of the Free Commune of Barbacha". CrimethInc. Archived from the original on 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
  16. G, S; K, G (11 July 2018). "ZAD: The State of Play". The Brooklyn Rail. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  17. Pressly, Linda (13 October 2016). "Cheran: The town that threw out police, politicians and gangsters". BBC. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018.
  18. The Hamilton Institute (13 May 2016). "The Most Important Thing: Reflections on Solidarity and the Syrian Revolution". Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  19. Reid, Nicky (14 January 2019). "Lessons from Rojava". Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  20. Karl Kautsky, The Foundations of Christianity, Book Three
  21. Bey, Hakim (1985). T.A.Z.: The Temporary Autonomous Zone, Ontological Anarchy, Poetic Terrorism. Autonomedia.
  22. Crone, Patricia (2000). "Ninth-Century Muslim Anarchists" (PDF). Past & Present. 167: 3–28. doi:10.1093/past/167.1.3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  23. Barclay, Harold (1990). People Without Government: An Anthropology of Anarchy. Seattle: Left Bank Books. pp. 93–96.
  24. Marshall, Peter H. (1993). Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism. Fontana. ISBN 978-0-00-686245-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  25. ↑ Norman Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary millenarians and mystical anarchists of the Middle Ages (London: Paladin, 1970) 207, 208.
  26. Milani, Giuseppe; Selvi, Giovanna (1996). "Tra Rio e Riascolo: piccola storia del territorio libero di Cospaia". Lama di San Giustino: Associazione genitori oggi: 18. OCLC 848645655. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  27. Leeson, Peter T. (2007). "An-arrgh-chy: The Law and Economics of Pirate Organization" (PDF). Journal of Political Economy, George Mason University. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  28. W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 449.
  29. "The Paris Commune and the Idea of the State". Archived from the original on 2018-07-16. Retrieved 2018-09-25.
  30. George Woodcock. Anarchism: a history of libertarian movements. Pg. 357
  31. Khadzhiev, Georgi (1992). "The Transfiguration Uprising and the 'Strandzha Commune': The First Libertarian Commune in Bulgaria". Nat︠s︡ionalnoto osvobozhdenie i bezvlastnii︠a︡t federalizŭm [National Liberation and Libertarian Federalism] (in Bulgarian). Translated by Firth, Will. Sofia: Artizdat-5. pp. 99–148. OCLC 27030696.
  32. "Uprising in Baja California" (PDF). Anarchist Federation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
  33. "The Morelos Commune". Global Learning. 3 February 2014. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019.
  34. Kantowicz, Edward (1999). The Rage of Nations. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 241, 242, 243.
  35. "Naissar: the Estonian "Island of Women", Once an Independent Socialist Republic". Archived from the original on 2019-07-16. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  36. Smele, Jonathan D. (2015-11-19). Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916-1926. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 1155–1156. ISBN 978-1-4422-5281-3.
  37. "The Bremerhaven Republic from a syndicalist perspective" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  38. Hobsbawm, Eric (1973). Revolutionaries: Contemporary Essays. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-76549-3.
  39. Horrox, James. Gustav Landauer (1870-1919). Archived from the original on 2019-03-16. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  40. "Forgotten Revolution: Limerick Soviet, 1919". Archived from the original on 2019-06-26. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  41. Oved, Yaacov (1997). "The Uniqueness of Anarchism in Argentina". Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe. Tel Aviv: University of Tel Aviv. 8 (1). ISSN 0792-7061. OCLC 25122634.
  42. Colombo, Eduardo (1971), "Anarchism in Argentina and Uruguay", in Apter, David E.; Joll, James (eds.), Anarchism Today, Garden City, New York: Anchor Books, pp. 219–220
  43. von Geldern, James. "The Antonov Rebellion".
  44. Leonard F. Guttridge (1 August 2006). Mutiny: A History of Naval Insurrection. Naval Institute Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-59114-348-2. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  45. Dongyoun Hwang, "Korean Anarchism Before 1945: A Regional and Transnational Approach" in Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 118.
  46. "Cartography of Revolutionary Anarchism". Anarchy in Action. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  47. Dolgoff, Sam (1974). The Anarchist Collectives: Workers' Self-Management in the Spanish Revolution, 1936–1939.
  48. Alexander, Robert (1999). The Anarchists in the Spanish Civil War, Volume 2. Janus Publishing Company Lim. p. 844. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  49. Nippon, CIRA (1975). "The Post-War Korean Anarchist Movement". Libero International. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  50. "1945: The Saigon commune". Archived from the original on 2019-06-26. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  51. Meisner, Maurice (1986). Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic since 1949. Free Press.
  52. Natasha Gordon and Paul Chatterton, Taking Back Control: A Journey through Argentina's Popular Uprising, Leeds (UK): University of Leeds, 2004,
  53. Gelderloos, Peter (2015). The Failure of Nonviolence.
  54. Barclay, Harold (1990). People Without Government: An Anthropology of Anarchy. Seattle: Left Bank Books.
  55. John Zerzan, Future Primitive Revisisted (Port Townsend: Feral House, 2012), 13-14.
  56. Mbah, Sam (2001). African Anarchism: The History of a Movement.
  57. Perdue, Theda (2007). The Cherokee Nation and the Trail of Tears. New York: Penguin Books.
  58. "Indian Towns and Buildings of Eastern North Carolina", Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, National Park Service, 2008, Retrieved 24 April 2010.
  59. Eggan, Fred, Social Organization of the Western Pueblos (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960)
  60. Emmanuel C. Onyeozili and Obi N. I. Ebbe, “Social Control in Precolonial Igboland of Nigeria”, African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies (2012)
  61. Zibechi, Raúl (2010). Territories in Resistance: A Cartography of Latin American Social Movements. Oakland: AK Press.
  62. Turnbull, Colin (1968). The Forest People. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  63. Ladner, Kiera (2003). "Governing Within an Ecological Context: Creating an Alternative Understanding of Blackfoot Governance". Studies in Political Economy. 70: 137–150.
  64. Robert Fernea, “Putting a Stone in the Middle: the Nubians of Northern Africa,” in Graham Kemp and Douglas P. Fry (eds.), Keeping the Peace: Conflict Resolution and Peaceful Societies around the World, New York: Routledge, 2004, p. 111.
  65. William A. Starna, “Pequots in the Early Seventeenth Century” in ed. Laurence M. Hauptman and James D. Wherry, The Pequots in Southern New England: The Fall and Rise of an American Indian Nation (Norman and London: University of Oakland Press, 1990), 42.
  66. Graeber, David (2004). Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology. Chicago: Prickly Paradigms Press. pp. 26–27.
  67. John Menta, The Quinnipiac: Cultural Conflict in Southern New England (New Haven: Yale University, 2003)
  68. Lee, Richard (2003). The Dobe Ju/hoansi. Thomas Learning/Wadsworth.
  69. Robert K. Dentan, The Semai: A Nonviolent People of Malaya. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1979
  70. Greg Urban, “The Social Organizations of the Southeast,” in ed. Raymond J. Demallie and Alfonso Ortiz, North American Indian Anthropology: Essays on Society and Culture(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994), 175-178.
  71. Scott, James (2009). The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. New Haven: University of Yale Press.
  72. Hardy, Dennis (2000). Utopian England: Community Experiments, 1900-1945. Psychology Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-419-24670-1.
  73. Autry, Curt (2010). "Louisa Commune Flourishes for 43 Years". WWBT NBC 12. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
  74. "Searching For Happiness In 'Utopia'". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
  75. Bamyeh, Mohammed A. (May 2009). Anarchy as order. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-7425-5673-7.
  76. Frater, Jamie (November 1, 2010). Listverse.com's Ultimate Book of Bizarre Lists. Berkeley, CA: Ulysses press. pp. 516, 517. ISBN 978-1-56975-817-5.
  77. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-08-02. Retrieved 2016-08-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  78. "Awra Amba: the anarcho-feminist utopia that actually works". Archived from the original on 2018-10-11. Retrieved 2018-10-11.
  79. Bailie, William (1906). Josiah Warren, the first American anarchist: a sociological study. Small, Maynard & company. Archived from the original on May 30, 2007. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
  80. An Experiment in Anarchy: Modern Times, the notorious and short-lived utopian village that preceded Brentwood
  81. Kropotkin, Peter (1893). Small Communal Experiments and Why They Fail.
  82. Pierce LeWarne, Charles (1975). Utopias on Puget Sound: 1885–1915. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 168–226. ISBN 0295974443.
  83. Franks, Benjamin (2006). Rebel Alliances: The Means and Ends of Contemporary British Anarchisms. AK Press/Dark Star. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-904859-40-6.
  84. Headley, Gwyn; Meulenkamp, Wim (1999). Follies, grottoes & garden buildings. Aurum. p. 250. ISBN 9781854106254.
  85. Sanborn, Josh (March 1996), Review of Edgerton, William, ed., Memoirs of Peasant Tolstoyans in Soviet Russia, H-Russia, H-Review, archived from the original on June 21, 2018, retrieved October 7, 2018
  86. See "crass retirement cottage," nest magazine #21, summer 2003, pp 106-121
  87. Niranjan, Ajit (July 24, 2015). "How an abandoned barracks in Ljubljana became Europe's most successful urban squat". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on October 7, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2018.

Further reading
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.