List of Category 5 Australian region severe tropical cyclones

The Australian region tropical cyclone basin is located to the south of the Equator between 90°E and 160°E.[1] The basin is officially monitored by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology as well as the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), and the Papua New Guinea National Weather Service.[1] The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and other national meteorological services such as New Zealand's MetService, Météo-France and the Fiji Meteorological Service.[1] Within the basin a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that has 10-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds over 107 knots (198 km/h; 123 mph) or greater on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale.[1][2] A named storm could also be classified as a Category 5 tropical cyclone if it is estimated, to have 1-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds over 137 knots (254 km/h; 158 mph) on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale.[1][3] This scale is not officially used by any of the warning centres for the region, however, tropical cyclones are compared to it by various agencies including NASA.[1] On both scales Category 5 tropical cyclones are expected to cause widespread devastation, if it significantly impacts land at or near its peak intensity.[2][3]

Systems
Name Dates as a Category 5 Duration Sustained
wind speeds		 Pressure Land areas affected Damage
(USD)		 Deaths Refs
Pam4 – 5 February 197412 hours205 km/h (125 mph)920 hPa (27.17 inHg)Wallis and Futuna, Vanuatu
New Caledonia, Queensland		SignificantUnknown[4][5]
Trixie15 – 22 February 197512 hours215 km/h (130 mph)925 hPa (27.32 inHg)Western Australia$3.71 millionNone[6][7]
Beverley27 – 28 March 197518 hours205 km/h (125 mph)929 hPa (27.43 inHg)Western Australia>$1 million[8][9]
Joan5 – 7 December 19752 days215 km/h (130 mph)915 hPa (27.02 inHg)Western Australia$25 millionNone[10][11]
Alby27 March – 5 April 197815 hours205 km/h (125 mph)930 hPa (27.46 inHg)Western Australia10 million5[12][13][14][15]
Amy9–10 January 19801 day 18 hours215 km/h (130 mph)915 hPa (27.02 inHg)Indonesia, Western Australia[16]
Dean31 January–1 February 198012 hours205 km/h (125 mph)930 hPa (27.46 inHg)Indonesia, Northern Australia[17]
Enid17 February 19806 hours205 km/h (125 mph)930 hPa (27.46 inHg)Western Australia[18]
Carol16–17 December 198012 hours205 km/h (125 mph)940 hPa (27.76 inHg)Indonesia[19]
Mabel18–19 January 19811 day205 km/h (125 mph)930 hPa (27.46 inHg)Western Australia[20]
Dominic7 April 19826 hours205 km/h (125 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)Northern Australia, New Guinea[21]
Elinor25 February 198312 hours205 km/h (125 mph)935 hPa (27.61 inHg)QueenslandMinor[22][23]
Kathy16 – 24 March 19841 day 14 hours220 km/h (140 mph)920 hPa (27.17 inHg)Cape York Peninsula, Northern Territory$12 million1[24][25]
HarryFebruary 8 – 19, 198912 hours185 km/h (115 mph)925 hPa (27.32 inHg)Vanuatu, New Caledonia[26]
Aivu31 March – 5 April 198912 hours205 km/h (125 mph)935 hPa (27.61 inHg)Queensland$90 million1[27][28]
Orson17 – 24 April 19892 days 6 hours240 km/h (150 mph)905 hPa (26.72 inHg)Western Australia$16 million5[29][30]
Alex19–20 March 19901 day220 km/h (140 mph)927 hPa (27.37 inHg)Indonesia, Christmas Island[31]
Graham5–6 December 199118 hours205 km/h (125 mph)915 hPa (27.02 inHg)Sumatra, Cocos Islands, Christmas Island[32]
Neville9 April 19926 hours205 km/h (125 mph)945 hPa (27.91 inHg)Northern Territory[33][34]
Rewa2–3 January 1994
23 January 1994		1 day 6 hours205 km/h (125 mph)920 hPa (27.17 inHg)New Caledonia, New Zealand
Papua New Guinea, Queensland
Solomon Islands, Vanuatu		Unknown22[35]
Theodore25 February 199412 hours215 km/h (130 mph)910 hPa (26.87 inHg)Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea
Vanuatu, New Caledonia
Norfolk Island, New Zealand		[36]
Chloe7 April 199518 hours220 km/h (140 mph)920 hPa (27.17 inHg)Timor, Western AustraliaNoneNone[37][38]
Pancho-
Helinda		21–22 January 199721 hours215 km/h (130 mph)910 hPa (26.87 inHg)Sumatra, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Madagascar[39]
Thelma3 – 15 December 19982 days 12 hours220 km/h (140 mph)920 hPa (27.17 inHg)Northern Territory, Western AustraliaN/A1[40]
Frederic–
Evrina		31 March 19991 day205 km/h (125 mph)920 hPa (27.17 inHg)NoneNoneNone[41][42]
Vance16 – 23 March 19991 day 6 hours220 km/h (140 mph)910 hPa (26.87 inHg)Northern Territory, Western Australia$303 millionNone[43]
Gwenda6 April 199918 hours220 km/h (140 mph)900 hPa (26.58 inHg)Timor, Indonesia, Western Australia[44]
John14 December 199918 hours205 km/h (125 mph)915 hPa (27.02 inHg)Timor, Indonesia, Western Australia196 millionNone[45][15]
Paul14–16 April 20001 day 12 hours220 km/h (140 mph)915 hPa (27.02 inHg)NoneNoneNone[46][47]
Rosita19 April 200012 hours215 km/h (130 mph)930 hPa (27.46 inHg)Indonesia, Western Australia[48][49]
Sam8 December 20006 hours205 km/h (125 mph)935 hPa (27.61 inHg)Northern Territory, Western Australia[50][51]
Chris5 February 20029 hours205 km/h (125 mph)915 hPa (27.02 inHg)Western Australia[52]
Inigo3–5 April 20031 day 18 hours230 km/h (145 mph)900 hPa (26.58 inHg)Eastern Indonesia, Timor, Western Australia[53]
Fay21–22 March 200418 hours215 km/h (130 mph)910 hPa (26.87 inHg)Northern Territory, Timor, Western Australia[54]
Ingrid7–9 March 2005
11–12 March 2005		2 days 15 hours230 km/h (145 mph)924 hPa (27.29 inHg)New Guinea, Northern Australia[55]
Glenda28–29 March 200618 hours205 km/h (125 mph)910 hPa (26.87 inHg)Northern Territory, Western Australia[56]
Monica22–24 April 20062 days 6 hours250 km/h (155 mph)916 hPa (27.05 inHg)New Guinea, Northern Australia[57]
George8 March 20073 hours205 km/h (125 mph)902 hPa (26.64 inHg)Northern Territory, Western Australia[58]
Hamish7–9 March 20091 day 18 hours215 km/h (130 mph)924 hPa (27.29 inHg)Papua New Guinea, Queensland[59]
Laurence15–16 December 2009
21 December 2009		15 hours205 km/h (125 mph)925 hPa (27.32 inHg)Northern Territory, Western Australia[60]
Yasi2 February 201112 hours205 km/h (125 mph)929 hPa (27.43 inHg)Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Australia$2.5 billion1[61][15]
Gillian23–24 March 201418 hours220 km/h (140 mph)927 hPa (27.37 inHg)New Guinea, Indonesia, Queensland
Northern Territory, Christmas Island		[62]
Ita10–11 April 20141 day220 km/h (140 mph)922 hPa (27.23 inHg)Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Queensland[63]
Marcia19–20 February 20156 hours205 km/h (125 mph)932 hPa (27.52 inHg)Queensland, New South Wales[64]
Ernie7 April 201712 hours215 km/h (130 mph)922 hPa (27.23 inHg)NoneNoneNone[65][66]
Marcus21–22 March 20181 day 18 hours250 km/h (155 mph)905 hPa (26.72 inHg)Northern Territory, Western Australia$75 millionNone[67][68]
Veronica21 March 201912 hours215 km/h (130 mph)928 hPa (27.40 inHg)Western Australia[69]

Other systems

In addition to the 43 tropical cyclones listed above, three other tropical cyclones are considered by the BoM to have been a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone within the Australian region.[70] These are Cyclone Mahina of 1899 and two tropical cyclones that struck Innisfail and Mackay during 1918.[70] Severe tropical cyclone's Erica (2003) and Harold (2020) became Category 5 severe tropical cyclones, after they moved out of the Australian region and into the South Pacific basin.[71] Severe Tropical Cyclones Fran (1992) and Beni (2003) were Category 5 severe tropical cyclones, before they moved into the Australian region from the South Pacific basin.[72][73] Severe Tropical Cyclone Ului weakened into a Category 4 severe tropical cyclone, as it moved across 160°E into the Australian region.[74]

The BoM estimates that Severe Tropical Cyclone's Viola-Claudette (1980), Cyclone Jane-Irna (1992), Daryl-Agnielle (1995) peaked as Category 5 severe tropical cyclones, after they had moved out of the Australian region and into the South-West Indian Ocean.[75][76][77]

Impacts

Category 5 severe tropical cyclones are expected to cause widespread devastation if they significantly impact land.[2][3]

See also

References
  1. RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (October 11, 2018). Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2018 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. pp. I-4–II-9 (9–21). Archived from the original on October 12, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  2. 2017/2018 Tropical Cyclone Season Summary of Alerts and Warnings Procedures for Fiji (PDF) (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. October 23, 2017. pp. 3 & 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2019.
  3. Schott, Timothy; Landsea, Christopher; Hafele, Gene; Lorens, Jeffrey; Taylor, Arthur; Thrum, Harvey; Ward, Bill; Willis, Mark; Zaleski, Walt (January 2, 2019). The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  4. "1974 Tropical Cyclone PAM (1974030S15182)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  5. 1973-1974 dans le pacifique sud-ouest. MetMar (Report). 1976. p. 51. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
  6. "1975 Severe Tropical Cyclone Trixie (1975046S17124)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  7. Courtney, Joe B (13 August 2009). Tropical Cyclone Trixie (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  8. "1975 Severe Tropical Cyclone Beverley (1975081S12116)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  9. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/beverley.pdf
  10. "1975 Severe Tropical Cyclone Joan (1975334S11128)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  11. "Cyclone Joan December 1975" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 1979. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  12. "1978 Severe Tropical Cyclone Alby (1978086S14115)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  14. "Severe Tropical Cyclone Alby" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 1979. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  15. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. "EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database". Université catholique de Louvain.
  16. "1980 Severe Tropical Cyclone Amy (1980005S14120)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  17. "1980 Severe Tropical Cyclone Dean (1980027S11129)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  18. "1980 Severe Tropical Cyclone Enid (1980043S16131)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  19. "1980 Severe Tropical Cyclone Carol (1980348S111164)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  20. "1981 Severe Tropical Cyclone Mabel (1981012S12110)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  21. "1982 Severe Tropical Cyclone Dominic (1982095S11138)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  22. "1983 Severe Tropical Cyclone Elinor (1983042S11158)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  23. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/elinor.shtml
  24. "1984 Severe Tropical Cyclone Kathy (1984077S12149)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  25. "Severe Tropical Cyclone Kathy". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
  26. "1989 Severe Tropical Cyclone HARRY (1989037S16164)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  27. "1989 Severe Tropical Cyclone Aivu (1989089S11158)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  28. "Report on Severe Tropical Cyclone Aivu" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. pp. 6–27. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  29. "1989 Severe Tropical Cyclone Orson (1989106S11128)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  30. "Severe Tropical Cyclone Orson" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  31. "1990 Severe Tropical Cyclone Alex (1990074S12115)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  32. "1991 Severe Tropical Cyclone Graham (1991335S04095)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  33. "1992 Severe Tropical Cyclone Neville (1992096S08132)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  34. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/neville.shtml
  35. "1993 Severe Tropical Cyclone Rewa (1993360S04171)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  36. "1994 Severe Tropical Cyclone Theodore (1994053S08155)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  37. "1995 Severe Tropical Cyclone Chloe (1995089S09131)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  38. Severe Tropical Cyclone Chloe (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 13 August 2009. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  39. "1997 Severe Tropical Cyclone Helinda:Pancho (1997013S08101)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  40. "1998 Severe Tropical Cyclone Thelma (1998335S12138)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  41. "1999 Severe Tropical Cyclone Evrina:Frederic (1999084S12119)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  42. Severe Tropical Cyclone Frederic (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  43. "1999 Severe Tropical Cyclone Vance (1999074S13132)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  44. "1999 Severe Tropical Cyclone Gwenda (1999092S11131)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  45. "1999 Severe Tropical Cyclone John (1999343S11123)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  46. "2000 Severe Tropical Cyclone Paul (2000102S13128)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  47. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/paul.pdf
  48. "2000 Severe Tropical Cyclone Rosita (2000105S09127)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  49. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/rosita.shtml
  50. "2014 Severe Tropical Cyclone Sam (2000333S11140)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  51. http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/sam.pdf
  52. "2002 Severe Tropical Cyclone Chris (2002033S13121)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  53. "2003 Severe Tropical Cyclone Inigo (2003088S07131)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  54. "2004 Severe Tropical Cyclone Fay (2004072S11146)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  55. "2014 Severe Tropical Cyclone Ingrid (2005063S12141)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  56. "2006 Severe Tropical Cyclone Glenda (2006081S14129)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  57. "2006 Severe Tropical Cyclone Monica (2006106S10153)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  58. "2007 Severe Tropical Cyclone George (2007058S12135)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  59. "2009 Severe Tropical Cyclone Hamish (2009064S13148)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  60. "2009 Severe Tropical Cyclone Laurence (2009342S09140)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  61. "2011 Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi (2011028S13180)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  62. "2014 Severe Tropical Cyclone Gillian (2014065S10139)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  63. "2014 Severe Tropical Cyclone Ita (2014092S11159)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  64. "2015 Severe Tropical Cyclone Marcia (2015047S15152)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  65. "2017 Severe Tropical Cyclone Ernie (2017095S11113)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  66. Severe Tropical Cyclone Ernie (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  67. "2018 Severe Tropical Cyclone Marcus (2018074S09130)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  68. Severe Tropical Cyclone Marcus (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  69. Severe Tropical Cyclone Veronica (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of 0Meteorology. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  70. "Cyclone Marcia to make landfall as category 5". Courier Mail. 19 February 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
  71. "2003 Tropical Cyclone Erica (2003061S21148)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  72. "1992 Tropical Cyclone Fran (1992064S10184)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  73. "2002 Tropical Cyclone Beni (2003021S10163)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  74. "2010 Tropical Cyclone Ului (2010070S15168)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  75. 1980 Intense Tropical Cyclone Viola-Claudette (1979343S08093) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  76. 1992 Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Irna:Jane (1992096S05101) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  77. "1996 Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Daryl:Agnielle (1995319S05092)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
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